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Human Anatomy (human + anatomy)
Selected AbstractsQuirks of Human Anatomy: An Evo-devo Look at the Human BodyBIOESSAYS, Issue 6 2010Anne Buchanan No abstract is available for this article. [source] Atlas of Human Anatomy, Fourth Edition, by Frank H. Netter and edited by Jennifer K. Brueckner, et al.CLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 7 2008Robert M. DePhilip No abstract is available for this article. [source] Human Anatomy: From the Renaissance to the Digital Age by Benjamin A. Rifkin, Michael J. Ackerman, Judith FolkenbergCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 6 2007Sean B. Smith No abstract is available for this article. [source] Frank H. Netter, M.D. (1906,1991): The artist and his legacyCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 6 2006John T. Hansen Abstract The renowned medical illustrator Frank H. Netter, M.D., was born on 25 April 1906 in Brooklyn, NY, and died on 17 September 1991 in New York, NY, at the age of 85. In his professional career, Dr. Netter painted over 4,000 medical illustrations, many of which became the center pieces of over 250 issues of Clinical Symposia and were compiled in the 13 volume set of The CIBA Collection of Medical Illustrations. Two years prior to his death, the Atlas of Human Anatomy was published, considered by many to be Dr. Netter's crowning achievement. The Atlas rapidly became the most widely used atlas of anatomy in American medical schools and currently is published in 16 languages. Netter's impressive career as an illustrator and his unique style and legacy to medical education are summarized briefly in this review. Clin. Anat. 19:481,486, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Traditions and peculiarities of clinical anatomy education in RussiaCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 2 2002Ilia I. Kagan Abstract The Russian experience in clinical anatomy education is described in this article. Such training is provided by the Department of Operative Surgery and Topographical Anatomy both during the pregraduate (undergraduate) period for medical students and in the postgraduate period for interns, residents, physicians, and surgeons of different specialties. The teaching of clinical anatomy in the pregraduate period occurs in combination with the study of operative surgery and follows the study of gross anatomy in the Department of Human Anatomy and microscopic anatomy in the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology. Clin. Anat. 15:152,156, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Evolutionary transformation of the hominin shoulderEVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Susan G. Larson Despite the fact that the shoulder is one of the most extensively studied regions in comparative primate and human anatomy, two recent fossil hominin discoveries have revealed quite unexpected morphology. The first is a humerus of the diminutive fossil hominin from the island of Flores, Homo floresiensis (LB1/50), which displays a very low degree of humeral torsion1, 2 (Fig. 1; see Box 1). Modern humans have a high degree of torsion and, since this is commonly viewed as a derived feature shared with hominoids,3,6 one would expect all fossil hominins to display high humeral torsion. The second is the recently discovered Australopithecus afarensis juvenile scapula DIK-1-1 from Dikika, Ethiopia, which seems to most closely resemble those of gorillas.7 This specimen is the first nearly complete scapula known for an early hominin and, given the close phylogenetic relationship between humans and chimpanzees suggested by molecular studies,8,13 one would have expected more similarity to chimpanzees among extant hominoids. [source] Brief communication: Methods of sequence heterochrony for describing modular developmental changes in human evolutionAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Gregory E. Blomquist Abstract Interest in the developmental changes leading to apomorphic features of human anatomy is longstanding. Although most research has focused on quantitative measures of size and shape, additional information may be available in the sequence of events in development, including aspects of phenotypic integration. I apply two recently proposed techniques for analyzing developmental sequences to literature data on human and chimpanzee age of limb element ossification center appearance in radiographs. The event-pair cracking method of Jeffery et al. (Syst Biol 51 [2002] 478,491) offers little additional insight on sequence differences in this data set than a simpler difference of ranks. Both reveal shifts in timing that are likely related to locomotor differences between the two species. Poe's (Evolution 58 [2004] 1852,1855) test for modularity in a sequence identifies the ankle, wrist, and hind limb as developmental modules, which may correspond to localized combinations of developmental genes. Ossification patterns of the rays of the hand and foot show little modularity. Integrating these and other methods of sequence analysis with traditional metrics of size and shape remains an underdeveloped area of inquiry. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Surgical history of ancient China: part 1ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 12 2009Louis Fu Abstract Although surgery was an accepted and quite proficient craft very early on in Chinese history, it has deteriorated through the ages. Despite the fact that anaesthetic agents in major surgery were employed during the third century, Chinese surgery is conspicuous by its stagnation. Reverence for the dead, filial piety, abhorrence of shedding blood and other conservative attitudes make it impossible for any accurate knowledge of the human anatomy and physiology, without which surgery cannot progress. This article surveys some highlights in the history of surgery in ancient China and examines the factors responsible for its decline. The second concluding part deals with orthopaedics. [source] Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia: A five-hundred year-long lessonCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 7 2010Francesco Cappello Abstract Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia was born five centuries ago in Regalbuto, a small town in the center of Sicily. After his medical course in Padua, under the guidance of Vesalius and Fallopius, he gained international fame as a physician and was recruited as a Professor of human anatomy in Naples and later in Palermo. He is remembered as "the new Galen" or "the Sicilian Hippocrates." He contributed to the knowledge of human anatomy through the description of single bones rather than the whole skeleton. In particular, he was the first to describe the "stapes," the "lesser wings of the sphenoid" and various other structures in the head (probably the pharyngotympanic tube) as well as in the reproductive system (corpora cavernosa and seminal vesicles). He was also a pioneer in the study of forensic medicine, hygiene, surgical pathology, and teratology. As Protomedicus of Sicily, he developed the scientific culture in this country. During those years, he faced the spread of malaria and plague with competence and authoritativeness. Indeed, he was one of the first physicians to suppose that certain diseases could be transmitted between individuals, therefore, introducing revolutionary measures of prevention. He is remembered for his intellectual authority and honesty. Five-hundred years after his birth, his teaching is still alive. In this article, we survey the life and contribution of this pioneer of early anatomical study. Clin. Anat. 23:743,749, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Anatomical considerations for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgeryCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 5 2009Erica A. Moran Abstract Success in surgical procedures relies on the surgeon's understanding of anatomy and the ways in which the internal organs relate to one another. Recently, a new surgical technique has been introduced. Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) uses the body's natural orifices (mouth, anus, urethra, or vagina) as entrance points to the peritoneal cavities (through the stomach, rectum, bladder, or posterior vaginal fornix). NOTES techniques have proven feasible in both animal and early human trials. While it remains to be seen what advantages NOTES possesses over traditional surgical approaches, a clear understanding of human anatomy will be critical for successful, safe NOTES procedures. This article summarizes the development and the basic techniques of NOTES and reviews those anatomical considerations specific to NOTES. Clin. Anat. 22:627,632, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] An evidence-based approach to human dermatomesCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 5 2008M.W.L. Lee Abstract The dermatome is a fundamental concept in human anatomy and of major importance in clinical practice. There are significant variations in current dermatome maps in standard anatomy texts. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic literature review of the available evidence for the distribution of human dermatomes. Particular emphasis was placed on the technique of ascertainment, the location and extent of each dermatome, the number of subjects studied, and methodologic limitations. Our findings demonstrate that current dermatome maps are inaccurate and based on flawed studies. After selecting the best available evidence, a novel evidence-based dermatome map was constructed. This represents the most consistent tactile dermatomal areas for each spinal dorsal nerve root found in most individuals. In addition to highlighting the orderly arrangement, areas of consistency and clinical usefulness of dermatomes, their overlap and variability deserve greater emphasis. This review demonstrates the validity of an evidence-based approach to an anatomical concept. Clin. Anat. 21:363,373, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Body symmetry and asymmetry in early Greek anatomical reasoningCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 4 2008Enrico Crivellato Abstract This historical note focuses on some of the earliest reports of human anatomy found in Greek medical literature. These passages testify the initial steps taken by Greek scientists in building a theoretical model of the human body. In these excerpts, one finds erroneous anatomical descriptions, which shed light on the epistemological approach used by these intellectual pioneers. Because of the lack of systematic dissection, it appears that early Greek anatomists developed a somewhat stylized idea of the human body that used a certain degree of symmetry. Overcoming the concept of a strict left,right bilateral parallelism in human body architecture was a challenging intellectual task that required prolonged observation of dissected corpses. Clin. Anat. 21:279,282, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A portrait of Aristotle as an anatomist: Historical articleCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 5 2007Enrico Crivellato Abstract Aristotle is principally known as a theoretical philosopher and logician but he was also an eminent natural scientist. In particular, he should be considered probably the first anatomist in the modern sense of this term and the originator of anatomy as a special branch of knowledge. Although it seems certain that he did not perform dissections of human adult cadavers, he examined human fetal material and, above all, made systematic analysis of animal bodies. His contribution to comparative anatomy, as well as to human anatomy, was enormous. He founded the anatomical discipline on precise descriptive and scientific ground. He also coined a series of technical terms, which are still in use in the modern nomenclature. His observational skill was astounding. Although many of his physiological concepts turned out to be wrong, still his structural description of organs and body parts was often first-rank. The present study will chiefly focus on Aristotle's anatomical work and will provide only essential mention of his complex physiological and philosophical doctrine. The main purpose of this article is indeed to offer to today's anatomists a systematic account of the extraordinary achievements of this great pioneer of our discipline. Clin. Anat. 20:477,485, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Mondino de' Liuzzi and his Anothomia: A milestone in the development of modern anatomyCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 7 2006Enrico Crivellato Abstract Mondino's Anothomia was written in Bologna around 1316. This book is the intellectual legacy of one of the fathers of human anatomy, and probably represents a collection of lessons given by the author at the Studium in Bologna. Mondino's Anothomia witnesses a profound renewal of the mode of understanding and teaching human anatomy through direct observation of dissected corpses. This book enjoyed an extraordinarily large dissemination in the whole of Europe, thanks to many extant manuscripts and printed editions. In this article, we present some selected passages from this remarkable book to let today's anatomists know how great was the descriptive skill of this medieval scientist, a pioneer in the anatomical discipline. Clin. Anat. 19:581,587, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Magnetic resonance microscopy versus light microscopy in human embryology teachingCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 5 2004J. Puerta-Fonollá Abstract A study was carried out on the application of magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) in teaching prenatal human development. Human embryos measuring 8 mm, 15 mm, 18.5 mm, and 22 mm were fixed in a 4% paraformaldehyde solution and sections obtained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared to those prepared for light microscopy (LM), using the same embryos. The MRM and LM slices were of a similar quality. In the MRM sections, embryonic organs and systems were clearly visible, particularly the peripheral and central nervous systems, and the cardiovascular and digestive systems. The digitalization and clarity of the MRM images make them an ideal teaching aid that is suitable for students during the first years of a health-science degree, particularly medicine. As well as providing students with their first experience of MRM, these images allow students to access, at any time, all embryos used, to assess changes in the positions of different organs throughout their stages of development, and to acquire spatial vision, an absolute requirement in the study of human anatomy. We recommend that this technique be incorporated into the wealth of standard embryonic teaching methods already in use. Clin. Anat. 17:429,435, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Wolf-Heidegger's atlas of human anatomyCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 5 2002David J. Porta No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||