Anxious Children (anxious + child)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


High-end specificity of the children's depression inventory in a sample of anxiety-disordered youth

DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 1 2005
Jonathan S. Comer M.A.
Abstract Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the present study investigated the ability of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) to correctly detect depression in a sample of treatment-seeking anxious youth (N=44). The ADIS-C/P was used to determine diagnostic status of participants. Anxious children who met diagnostic criteria for a depressive disorder scored higher on the CDI than anxious children who did not meet criteria for a depressive disorder, supporting the CDI as a continuous measure of depressive symptomatology. In contrast, with regard to detecting a depressive disorder, CDI cut scores did not achieve favorable values across diagnostic utility indices (including the cut score of 13 that has been recommended). These findings support the CDI as a continuous measure of depressive symptoms, but do not support the CDI as a sole assessment for a diagnosis of depression within a sample of anxiety-disordered youth. Depression and Anxiety 22:11,19, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Family influences on dysfunctional thinking in anxious children

INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2003
Susan M. Bögels
Abstract Anxious children are found to interpret ambiguous stories in a negative way. The current study attempted to examine the possible influence of parental fear and parental interpretation bias on the maintenance of such an interpretation bias. Children varying in level of anxiety (n=25) and their parents, filled in a questionnaire to measure their own fears, and gave their interpretations concerning nine ambiguous stories, relevant for childhood ,interactional' anxieties: social anxiety, separation anxiety, and generalized anxiety. Then, parents were asked to talk with their children about three of the stories. After the family discussion the children had to give their final interpretations. Results indicated that parents' self-reported fear level and interpretation bias were associated with children's interpretation bias before the family discussion. However, no evidence was found for the idea that parents maintain or enhance the interpretation bias of their children. That is, irrespective of parental fear and parental interpretation bias, children interpreted the ambiguous stories as less negative after discussing them with their parents. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


A fearful child attends: a psychoanalytic explanation of children's responses to dental treatment

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 6 2007
RUTH FREEMAN
Background., At the mention of dental treatment some children become overwhelmed by anxiety whereas others appear to take the news in their stride. Sometimes when anxious children attend dental treatment, they appear to cope, contain their fears, and passively submit to treatment, whereas others angrily refuse to open their mouths and a third group of children exist who seem to just ,tough it out' no matter how disagreeable or frightening dental treatment becomes. The question remains: why do children react so differently to dental treatment? Aim., This paper aims to provide a psychoanalytic explanation as to why children react and respond differently to dental treatment. Results., This paper proposes a psychoanalytic formulation based on the functionality of the family, parent,child dyads, child psychological development, and the child's emotional and actual life experiences. Conclusions., There is a need to understand the dynamic nature of child dental anxiety and to appreciate the hidden factors and underlying complexities associated with the anxious child who attends for dental treatment. [source]


Self-report treatment techniques used by dentists to treat dentally anxious children: a preliminary investigation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2003
H. Buchanan
Summary. Objective. To investigate the extent to which dentists report their encouragement to dentally anxious children to blunt (distract from the procedure) or monitor (give information about the procedure) during treatment. Setting. British Society of Paediatric Dentistry conference. Subjects and methods. One hundred and two of 155 delegates (66% response rate) completed a Monitor Blunter Treatment Checklist (MBTC), which was included in their conference pack. Participants were asked to tick all of the 10 statements (five monitoring and five blunting) that reflected how, in general, they would treat a dentally anxious child. Results. Dentists chose significantly more monitoring than blunting statements. Treatment strategies relating to explaining procedures were endorsed by the majority of dentists, while distraction was chosen by less than a third. Conclusion. Dentists tend to use monitoring strategies that adhere generally to the principles of the Tell-Show-Do technique. This may have implications if the anxious child has a ,blunting' coping style. [source]


High-end specificity of the children's depression inventory in a sample of anxiety-disordered youth

DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 1 2005
Jonathan S. Comer M.A.
Abstract Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the present study investigated the ability of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) to correctly detect depression in a sample of treatment-seeking anxious youth (N=44). The ADIS-C/P was used to determine diagnostic status of participants. Anxious children who met diagnostic criteria for a depressive disorder scored higher on the CDI than anxious children who did not meet criteria for a depressive disorder, supporting the CDI as a continuous measure of depressive symptomatology. In contrast, with regard to detecting a depressive disorder, CDI cut scores did not achieve favorable values across diagnostic utility indices (including the cut score of 13 that has been recommended). These findings support the CDI as a continuous measure of depressive symptoms, but do not support the CDI as a sole assessment for a diagnosis of depression within a sample of anxiety-disordered youth. Depression and Anxiety 22:11,19, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Family influences on dysfunctional thinking in anxious children

INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2003
Susan M. Bögels
Abstract Anxious children are found to interpret ambiguous stories in a negative way. The current study attempted to examine the possible influence of parental fear and parental interpretation bias on the maintenance of such an interpretation bias. Children varying in level of anxiety (n=25) and their parents, filled in a questionnaire to measure their own fears, and gave their interpretations concerning nine ambiguous stories, relevant for childhood ,interactional' anxieties: social anxiety, separation anxiety, and generalized anxiety. Then, parents were asked to talk with their children about three of the stories. After the family discussion the children had to give their final interpretations. Results indicated that parents' self-reported fear level and interpretation bias were associated with children's interpretation bias before the family discussion. However, no evidence was found for the idea that parents maintain or enhance the interpretation bias of their children. That is, irrespective of parental fear and parental interpretation bias, children interpreted the ambiguous stories as less negative after discussing them with their parents. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


A fearful child attends: a psychoanalytic explanation of children's responses to dental treatment

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 6 2007
RUTH FREEMAN
Background., At the mention of dental treatment some children become overwhelmed by anxiety whereas others appear to take the news in their stride. Sometimes when anxious children attend dental treatment, they appear to cope, contain their fears, and passively submit to treatment, whereas others angrily refuse to open their mouths and a third group of children exist who seem to just ,tough it out' no matter how disagreeable or frightening dental treatment becomes. The question remains: why do children react so differently to dental treatment? Aim., This paper aims to provide a psychoanalytic explanation as to why children react and respond differently to dental treatment. Results., This paper proposes a psychoanalytic formulation based on the functionality of the family, parent,child dyads, child psychological development, and the child's emotional and actual life experiences. Conclusions., There is a need to understand the dynamic nature of child dental anxiety and to appreciate the hidden factors and underlying complexities associated with the anxious child who attends for dental treatment. [source]


Propofol intravenous conscious sedation for anxious children in a specialist paediatric dentistry unit

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2004
M. T. Hosey
Summary. Objectives., To report on both the use and dosage of propofol, as a new intravenous (IV) conscious sedative agent, for anxious children referred to a specialist paediatric dentistry service. Setting., Paediatric Dentistry Unit, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School. Sample., Thirty-four children, 25 females and 9 males, mean age 12 years 10 months, with a mean weight of 54·6 kg (range 30,110 kg). Methods., Report from 34 patients receiving intravenous sedation for the first time in respect of weight dose and amount of treatment completed. Results., Thirty-two children successfully accepted operative dental care on their first visit, they received a mean total dose of 146·25 mg of propofol (range 10 mg to 356 mg); in relation to body weight, the mean was 2·5 mg/kg (range 0·2,5·4 mg/kg). The treatment that they received included fissure sealants, amalgam and adhesive restorations, root canal therapy and single and multiple extractions. Their sedation and recovery were uneventful. Conclusions., Sub-anaesthetic doses of propofol used for IV conscious sedation infusion facilitated operative dental treatment in anxious children. [source]


Self-report treatment techniques used by dentists to treat dentally anxious children: a preliminary investigation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2003
H. Buchanan
Summary. Objective. To investigate the extent to which dentists report their encouragement to dentally anxious children to blunt (distract from the procedure) or monitor (give information about the procedure) during treatment. Setting. British Society of Paediatric Dentistry conference. Subjects and methods. One hundred and two of 155 delegates (66% response rate) completed a Monitor Blunter Treatment Checklist (MBTC), which was included in their conference pack. Participants were asked to tick all of the 10 statements (five monitoring and five blunting) that reflected how, in general, they would treat a dentally anxious child. Results. Dentists chose significantly more monitoring than blunting statements. Treatment strategies relating to explaining procedures were endorsed by the majority of dentists, while distraction was chosen by less than a third. Conclusion. Dentists tend to use monitoring strategies that adhere generally to the principles of the Tell-Show-Do technique. This may have implications if the anxious child has a ,blunting' coping style. [source]


Showing you can do it: Homework in therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2002
Jennifer L. Hudson
This article discusses the application of homework tasks in an empirically supported treatment for children (aged 8,13 years) with anxiety disorders. Within this program, homework tasks,through practice and rehearsal in the child's natural environment,are an important ingredient to enable the child to increase his or her mastery of the information/skills covered in each session. The homework tasks also provide an opportunity for the therapist to check the child's grasp of the session content through unassisted application of the material. This article discusses issues that arise in the application of homework tasks with a child population (e.g., compliance). Homework in both child- and family-focused treatment is discussed. The issues addressed regarding homework, although raised in the context of anxious children in a cognitive behavioral treatment program, may be broadly applied to children in psychotherapy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 525,534, 2002. [source]


Chemomechanical caries removal in primary teeth in a group of anxious children

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 8 2003
G. Ansari
summary Chemomechanical removal of dental caries has considerable potential in the treatment of patients with management problems, especially in paediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptance and success of the technique in young nervous patients. A group of 20 patients, aged between 4 and 10 years with a high level of dental anxiety was selected. The study achieved a success rate of over 90% in acceptance of cavity preparation by this procedure followed by placement of a restoration. The length of time required for cavity preparation was comparable with conventional methods. The need for local anaesthesia was reduced or eliminated and the children did not complain of any pain during the procedure. It is concluded that chemomechanical caries removal in vivo in primary teeth is an effective alternative to conventional mechanical caries removal and is advantageous in patients who have a phobia to the dental handpiece and/or injections. [source]


Premedication with melatonin vs midazolam in anxious children

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 7 2008
BERRIN ISIK MD
Summary Aim:, Failure of dental treatment caused by anxiety is a common problem in children. Oral midazolam has been the most commonly used premedication for pediatric patient but the use of midazolam may be associated with paradoxical reactions in children. Melatonin may induce a natural sleepiness and improve sedation. We have investigated premedication with melatonin compared with midazolam in children under nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2) sedation for dental treatment. Methods:, In a randomized study, 60 children received either 3 mg of melatonin [Melatonina (3 mg®) 60 min before the procedure (n = 15); group I], 0.5 mg·kg,1 melatonin 60 min before the procedure (n = 15; group II), 0.75 mg·kg,1 midazolam [Dormicum (15 mg/3 ml ®) 15 min before the procedure (n = 15); group III] or 3 ml of 0.09 NaCl 15 min (n = 7) or 60 min before the procedure (n = 8; group IV) orally. The children were sedated with 40/60% N2O/O2 inhalation. The heart rate and O2 saturation were monitored during the treatment period. The level of sedation was assessed according to the Ramsay Sedation Scale. The children's sedation success during dental treatment was classified. The sedation success and other sedation-related events recorded. Comparisons among the four groups were made using one-way anova or Kruskal,Wallis test, and if any significant differences were noted, the Tukey's HSD or Mann,Whitney U -test were used for intergroup comparisons. All differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results:, The evaluation of sedation success was as follows: group I: satisfactory (n = 1), average satisfactory (n = 4), and unsatisfactory (n = 10); group II: satisfactory (n = 2), average satisfactory (n = 3), and unsatisfactory (n = 10); group III: satisfactory (n = 9), average satisfactory (n = 6); and group IV: satisfactory (n = 1), average satisfactory (n = 3), and unsatisfactory (n = 11). Conclusion:, In these doses and clinical conditions, melatonin was similar to that of placebo and did not contribute to N2O/O2 sedation of anxious children. [source]


Childhood Fears and Phobias: Assessment and Treatment

CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2005
Neville J. King
The specific phobias in children, such as night-time fears and animal phobias, should not be underestimated since they cause personal distress to the child and also much interference with daily activities. Intervention plans should be informed by multi-method assessment, using tools that are empirically sound and developmentally sensitive. We selectively review a number of assessment tools, including structured diagnostic interview schedules, standardised instruments such as anxiety or fear self-report questionnaires, and behavioural tasks. We provide an overview of the main intervention approaches, from a behavioural perspective, including traditional behavioural intervention procedures such systematic desensitisation and its variants, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and behavioural family therapy. We also present recent developments in psychodynamic treatment for phobic and anxious children. Medications are also discussed because of their possible use with psychosocial interventions. Finally, we present our conclusions on the empirical standing of the various treatment approaches and also examine the important issue of treatment outcome prediction. [source]


Treatment of child anxiety: an exploratory study of the role of maternal anxiety and behaviours in treatment outcome

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 1 2008
Cathy Creswell
Anxiety disorders are common among parents of anxious children and have been found to impede child treatment outcomes, yet it is unclear whether it is parental anxiety that needs to be targeted in therapy or associated parental behaviours. Twenty-two children (6,12 years) with a current anxiety disorder and their mothers received cognitive,behavioural treatment (CBT) for child anxiety. In addition, of the 12 mothers who met criteria for a current anxiety disorder, 6 received CBT for their own disorder. Assessments were made of the mother,child interaction. The main findings were: (1) children did less well from treatment where their mothers had a current anxiety disorder; (2) treatment of maternal anxiety disorder did not improve child treatment outcome; and (3) maternal overinvolvement and expression of fear was associated with child treatment outcome. The results suggest that in the context of maternal anxiety disorder, child treatment outcome may be improved by specifically targeting parenting behaviours. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]