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ANOVA P (anova + p)

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Medical Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Relationship Between Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity and Thoracic Aortic Intima-Media Thickness

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2006
Recep Demirbag M.D.
It is known that antioxidants have an important role in the prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). Low total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease. However, no data are available concerning the relationship between TAC and severity of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis. This study using multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examined the relationship between atherosclerotic thoracic aortic intima-media thickness (TAIMT) and TAC. Twenty-nine patients (17 male, 12 female; mean age 36 ± 8 years) without a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease referred for TEE were included. The patients with obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and CAD were excluded. The TAC was measured for each patient using a more recently developed method. TAIMT and grade of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis were evaluated in each patient by using TEE. Mean TAC level was 1.91 ± 0.53 mmol Trolox equiv/l. There was a negative and significant correlation between the TAC levels and TAIMT and grade of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis (r =,0.799, P < 0.001 versus r =,0.827, P < 0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TAIMT was independently associated with TAC (,=,0.734, P < 0.001). The mean values of TAC in grade I, II, and III were 2.23 ± 0.31, 1.58 ± 0.31, and 1.04 ± 0.27 mmol Trolox equiv/l, respectively (ANOVA P < 0.001). This study indicates that the TAC is an independent variable for TAIMT and it has a potential for an independent variable for atherosclerotic lesions in the major arterial locations. [source]

Inflammatory Cytokine Imbalance after Coronary Angioplasty: Links with Coronary Atherosclerosis

JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
NATALE DANIELE BRUNETTI M.D., Ph.D.
Aim:To investigate release of some inflammatory cytokines (Cys) after coronary angioplasty and its links with coronary atherosclerosis. Methods:Twenty-seven consecutive subjects with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled in the study: serial blood samples were taken in order to evaluate plasma concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, IL-18, TNF,, and IFN, just before PCI at 12 and 24 hours. Patients were then divided, considering balance between each inflammatory Cy and IL-10, an antiinflammatory Cy, into four groups, ranging from a prevalent antiinflammatory response (stable inflammatory Cy,increasing IL-10 values) to a marked inflammatory imbalance (increasing inflammatory Cy,stable IL-10 values). Results:All Cys showed significant increases in plasma concentrations if compared with baseline values. Release curves were not significantly different when comparing subjects with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) versus unstable angina,non-STEMI (UA-NSTEMI), diabetics versus controls. Subjects with marked inflammatory response showed a higher incidence of stenosis on left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery (IL-2 ,2 and IFN, P < 0.05); Cy release was higher in patients with multivessel coronary disease (IL-2 and IFN,, ANOVA P < 0.01). Correlations were also referable between Cys and myocardial enzyme release. Subjects treated with sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) showed significantly lower Cy periprocedure ratio if compared with those treated with bare metal stents. Conclusions:A significant Cy release is detectable after PCI: inflammatory response seems to correlate with both PCI due to plaque instabilization and coronary atherosclerosis. A blunted inflammatory response is detectable in subjects treated with SES. [source]

Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in otitis media with effusion

CLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY, Issue 6 2001
C.R. Jennings
Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in otitis media with effusion A qualitative and quantitative study of the presence of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP 9), in the effusions of otitis media with effusion (OME), was performed. The activity of the above enzymes was compared in thick and thin effusions, and concentrations compared in samples from children with one, two, three and four sets of ventilation tubes. The activity of both MMP 2 and MMP 9 was higher in thick than thin effusions, P = 0.07 and P = 0.04, respectively. The concentrations of MMP 9 did not vary with the number of tube insertions but those of MMP 2 did (ANOVA P < 0.05). MMPs may be involved in tympanic membrane damage and prognosis of OME. [source]

Clinical and microbiological effects of different antimicrobials on generalized aggressive periodontitis

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2006
Christiana Xajigeorgiou
Abstract Aim: To evaluate and compare the effects of adjunctive metronidazole plus amoxicillin, doxycycline and metronidazole on clinical and microbiological parameters in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. Material and Methods: Forty-three patients participated in this randomized clinical trial divided into four groups. Six weeks after scaling and root planning (SRP), groups 1,3 received adjunctive metronidazole, plus amoxicillin, doxycycline and metronidazole respectively, and group 4 acted as controls. Clinical recordings concerning probing depth, probing attachment level and bleeding on probing were performed at baseline, 6 weeks after SRP and 6 months from baseline. Subgingival samples were analysed using the ,checkerboard' DNA,DNA hybridization for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Results: All treatments resulted in improvement of clinical parameters (ANOVA p>0.05). Systemic administration of metronidazole plus amoxicillin or metronidazole resulted in statistically significant greater reduction of the proportion of sites > 6mm than SRP (z -test, p<0.05). These antimicrobials yielded a significant effect on levels of important periodontal pathogens for 6 months. Conclusion: Adjunctive metronidazole plus amoxicillin or metronidazole alone (when A.actinomycetemcomitans is not involved) is effective in deep pockets of aggressive periodontitis patients. [source]

Job characteristics and the subjective oral health of Australian workers

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 3 2004
Anne E. Sanders
Objectives: To examine the associations between hours worked, job security, skill maintenance and work and home interference and subjective oral health; and to compare findings for different occupational groups. Methods: Data were collected in 1999 from a random stratified sample of households in all Australian States and Territories using a telephone interview and a questionnaire survey. Subjective oral health was evaluated with the short form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), which assesses the adverse impact of oral conditions on quality of life. Results: Data were obtained for 2,347 dentate adults in the workforce. In the 12 months preceding the survey, 51.9% had experienced oral pain and 31.0% reported psychological discomfort from dental problems. Males, young adults, Australian-born workers, and those in upper-white collar occupations reported lower mean OHIP-14 scores (ANOVA p<0.001). Having controlled for the effects sex, age, country of birth and socio-economic factors in a linear multiple regression analysis, hours worked, skill maintenance and work and home interference were significantly associated with OHIP-14 scores for all workers. While part-time work was associated with higher OHIP-14 among upper white-collar workers, working >40 hours a week was associated with higher OHIP-14 scores for other workers. Conclusions: Aspects of the work environment are associated with the subjective oral health of workers. Because these contexts are subject to only limited control by individual workers, their influence is a public health issue. [source]

The effect of prebiotics in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2009
M Bisceglia
Abstract Background:, Breast milk oligosaccharides such as galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS) can influence the intestinal microbial flora. The latter, in turn, can modulate several intestinal and extraintestinal functions, including bilirubin metabolism. Supplementing infant formula with a prebiotic mixture might then be a novel and safe intervention to manage mild neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Aim:, To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with prebiotics on moderate hyperbilirubinaemia in healthy, term infants. Methods:, A prospective, double-blind, clinical trial was performed on seventy-six consecutive newborns who were randomly assigned to receive a formula containing 0.8 g/dL of a mixture from scGOS and lcFOS (ratio 9:1), or maltodextrines as placebo for 28 days. Bilirubin levels were determined by the transcutaneous bilirubin measurement within 2 h after birth (T1), at 24, 48 and 72 h and at 5, 7, 10 and 28 days of life. The number of stool per day was also recorded. Results:, Neonates receiving prebiotics showed a larger number of stools over all the duration of dietary intervention compared to that of those on placebo (Repeated Measures ANOVA p < 0.001; day 28 3.4 ± 0.0.9 vs 1.7 ± 0.9, respectively; Dunn test p < 0.05). Neonates whose formula was supplemented with prebiotics showed a lower transcutaneous bilirubin that was statistically significant from 72 h of life (5.46 ± 1.6 vs 7.07 ± 2.49, post hoc Dunn test, p < 0.05) throughout the duration of the dietary intervention (day 28 2.41 ± 0.4 vs 2.85 ± 0.5, post hoc Dunn test, p < 0.05). Conclusion:, The addition of prebiotics to standard infant diet might represent a novel strategy to help control neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. [source]

DNA damage in metabolic syndrome and its association with antioxidative and oxidative measurements

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 10 2006
R. DEMIRBAG
Summary The purpose of this study was to assess DNA damage levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Sixty-five subjects with MetS and 65 controls were enrolled in this study. Levels of DNA damage, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total peroxide and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. We found that DNA damage levels were significantly increased [155.5 (60,264) vs. 93.2 (0,208) arbitrary units; p < 0.001] and TAC levels were significantly decreased in MetS than in control (1.34 ± 0.27 vs. 55 ± 0.33 mmol Trolox equivalent/l; p < 0.001). A significant falling trend in TAC levels and a significant rising trend in DNA damage values with the increase in the number of metabolic disturbances (anova p < 0.001 for both) were observed. Total peroxide (30.9 ± 4.9 vs. 21.3 ± 2.5 ,mol H2O2/l; p < 0.001) and OSI levels [2.4 (1.3,3.8) vs. 1.4 (0.7,2.3) arbitrary units; p < 0.001] were significantly higher in the subjects with MetS than in controls. We found significant negative correlation between DNA damage and TAC levels in MetS (r = ,0.656, p < 0.001) and in control (r = ,0.546, p < 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, age, body mass index, presence of MetS and number of the componens of MetS were independent predictors of log-transformed DNA damage (p < 0.05, for all). DNA damage is increased in patients with MetS. The increase in DNA damage might be occur because of the increase in the imbalance between the production of oxidants and antioxidant defences in subjects with MetS. [source]