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Annual Percent Change (annual + percent_change)
Selected AbstractsTrends in oesophageal cancer incidence and mortality in EuropeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 5 2008Cristina Bosetti Abstract To monitor recent trends in mortality from oesophageal cancer in 33 European countries, we analyzed the data provided by the World Health Organization over the last 2 decades, using also joinpoint regression. For selected European cancer registration areas, we also analyzed incidence rates for different histological types. For men in the European Union (EU), age-standardized (world population) mortality rates were stable around 6/100,000 between the early 1980s and the early 1990s, and slightly declined in the last decade (5.4/100,000 in the early 2000s, annual percent change, APC = ,1.1%). In several western European countries, male rates have started to level off or decline during the last decade (APC = ,3.4% in France, and ,3.0% in Italy). Also in Spain and the UK, which showed upward trends in the 1990s, the rates tended to level off in most recent years. A levelling of rates was observed only more recently in countries of central and eastern Europe, which had had substantial rises up to the late 1990s. Oesophageal cancer mortality rates remained comparatively low in European women, and overall EU female rates were stable around 1.1,1.2/100,000 over the last 2 decades (APC = ,0.1%). In northern Europe a clear upward trend was observed in the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, and in Denmark and Scotland incidence of adenocarcinoma in men is now higher than that of squamous-cell carcinoma. Squamous-cell carcinoma remained the prevalent histological type in southern Europe. Changes in smoking habits and alcohol drinking for men, and perhaps nutrition, diet and physical activity for both sexes, can partly or largely explain these trends. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Trends in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Western Australia, 1960,2006INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 5 2008Elizabeth Milne Abstract Increases in the incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been reported in some countries, while other reports from similar geographical regions have indicated stable rates. The reasons for the discrepancies have been debated in the literature, with the focus on whether the observed increases are "real" or an artifact resulting from improvements in diagnosis, case ascertainment and population coverage over time. We used population-based data from Western Australia to investigate trends in the incidence of childhood ALL between 1960 and 2006. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and rate ratios (indicating annual percent change) were estimated using Poisson regression. Between 1960 and 2006, the ASR was 3.7 per 100,000 person-years, with an annual percent increase of 0.40% (95% CI: ,0.20, 1.00). Between 1982 and 2006, the ASR was 3.8, with an annual percent increase of 0.80% (95% CI = ,0.70 to 2.30). This increased to 1.42% (95% CI: ,0.30, 3.0) when a sensitivity analysis was undertaken to assess the effect of excluding the final 2 years of data. Annual increases of 3.7% (95% CI: ,0.50, 8.00) among children aged 5,14 years, and of 3.10% (95% CI: 0.50, 5.70) in girls, were observed for this latter period. These results were supported by national Australian incidence data available for 1982,2003. There may have been a small increase in the incidence of ALL since 1982 among girls and older children, but an overall increase appears unlikely. No impact of folate supplementation or fortification is apparent. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Interpreting changes in the epidemiology of anencephaly and spina bifida following folic acid fortification of the U.S. grain supply in the setting of long-term trends, Atlanta, Georgia, 1968,2003,BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH, Issue 11 2007Lilah M. Besser Abstract BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anencephaly (AN) and spina bifida (SB) was declining long before fortification of enriched grains in the U.S. with folic acid. We examined whether changes in these defects surrounding fortification could be distinguished from preexisting trends. METHODS: We used data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program to identify three ascertainment periods: Period 1 (1968,1981), prenatal diagnoses rarely made; Period 2 (1981,1993), prenatal diagnoses made but not ascertained; Period 3 (1994,2003), prenatal diagnoses ascertained. We compared the annual percent change (APC) in AN and SB for each period using Poisson regression, then compared prevalences during each period for categories of pregnancy outcome, sex, race, gravidity, and maternal age. RESULTS: The prevalence of AN (N = 434) and SB (N = 663) declined during 1968,2003. The APCs in Periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were ,6.9%, ,2.9%, and ,6.8% for AN, and ,7.1%, ,7.0%, and ,6.2% for SB; 95% confidence intervals around the APCs for Periods 2 and 3 overlapped for both defects. Prevalence ratios (PRs) for females relative to males decreased for AN (2.3 in Period 1; 1.2 in Period 3); PRs for whites relative to blacks or African Americans decreased for both AN (2.7 in Period 1; 1.2 in Period 3) and SB (2.5 in Period 1; 1.1 in Period 3). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that changes in AN and SB surrounding folic acid fortification (Period 3) could be part of preexisting trends. This must be considered when evaluating prevention efforts. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 79:730,736, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Tongue and tonsil carcinomaCANCER, Issue 9 200544 years, Increasing trends in the U.S. population ages 20 Abstract BACKGROUND An increasing incidence of oral carcinoma among young adults has been reported in the U.S. and Europe. Although the association between human papillomavirus infection and tonsillar carcinoma is now well established, to the authors' knowledge little is known about incidence trends in tonsillar carcinoma among younger adults. The objective of the current study was to explore the trends in both oral cavity and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in younger U.S. populations, in particular tongue and tonsillar SCC. METHODS Using the 1973,2001 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, we computed age, race, and site-specific trends of oral and pharyngeal (excluding nasopharynx) carcinoma incidence rates. The percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were computed to explore trends in incidence rates over time. RESULTS There were 2262 SCC of the oral cavity and 1251 SCC of the pharynx reported to the SEER program from 1973 to 2001 in adults aged 20,44 years. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of oral tongue SCC (APC = +2.1; P < 0.001), base of tongue SCC (APC = +1.7; P = 0.04), and palatine tonsil SCC (APC = +3.9; P < 0.001) among younger white individuals, whereas the incidence of SCC in all other oral and pharyngeal sites decreased or remained constant. CONCLUSIONS The increase in tonsil SCC incidence from 1973 to 2001 paralleled the increase in tongue SCC, whereas SCC in all other oral and pharyngeal sites remained constant or decreased. This may suggest similar etiologic factors for SCC affecting the palatine tonsils and tongue in younger populations. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source] Long-term trends in cancer mortality in the United States, 1930,1998,CANCER, Issue S12 2003M.S., Phyllis A. Wingo Ph.D. Abstract BACKGROUND Progress against cancer can be examined by analyzing long-term trends in cancer incidence and mortality. The recent directive from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to adopt the 2000 U.S. standard population for the age adjustment of death rates prompted the American Cancer Society to update historical cancer mortality statistics using the new standard. METHODS Mortality data were abstracted by race, gender, year, and age at death for 1930 through 1959 from annual volumes of Vital Statistics of the United States. For 1960 through 1998, these data were obtained from data tapes provided by the National Center for Health Statistics. Two U.S. standard million populations (1970 and 2000) were used to calculate age-adjusted rates. Average annual percent change was estimated for each decade by site, gender, and age, and the statistical significance of the change was assessed at p < 0.05. RESULTS After long-term increases or mostly level trends that date from the 1930s for some sites, death rates for cancers of the lung (in males), prostate, female breast, colon-rectum, pancreas, leukemia, and ovary were decreasing in the 1990s. Liver cancer death rates were increasing in the 1990s. Throughout the study period, death rates for female lung cancer increased, while death rates for stomach and uterine cancers declined. CONCLUSIONS The trends of decreasing cancer death rates for the leading cancer sites in the 1990s are encouraging. However, surveillance researchers must continue to monitor these declines to assess whether the progress seen in this decade persists. Efforts also must be made to study the sites with increasing trends and identify potential underlying causes. Cancer 2003;97(12 Suppl):3133,3275. Published 2003 by the American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11380 [source] The continuing increase in the incidence of primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin lymphomaCANCER, Issue 7 2002A Surveillance, End Results analysis, Epidemiology Abstract BACKGROUND Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an extranodal form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma arising in the craniospinal axis. The incidence of PCNSL appears to be increasing. METHODS PCNSL incidence data from 1973,1997 were obtained from the nine Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries. To limit the influence of the human immunodeficiency virus on incidence rates, data of never,married males and females and persons of unknown marital status were excluded. As a surrogate for new technology, SEER data were reviewed by dates of diagnosis (surrogate for imaging) and compared with glioma incidence (surrogate for stereotactic neurosurgery and improved diagnostic neuropathology). Age-adjusted incidence rates were estimated and compared for the period prior to computed tomography (CT) (1973,1984) and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) period (1985,1997). The estimated annual percent change was calculated based on linear regression analyses using SEER*STAT. RESULTS The incidence of PCNSL appears to be increasing in all SEER registries examined. All age groups demonstrated an increase over time. This increase was observed both in the CT era as well as in the MRI era. PCNSL age-adjusted incidence (0.15 to 0.48, a 3-fold increase) outpaced that of systemic lymphoma (14.1 to 18.5, a 33% increase) for the same registries over the same time periods. The rate of increase has begun to slow since 1985; the estimated annual percent change for PCNSL was three-fold higher during the period 1973,1985 compared with 1986,1997. CONCLUSION The incidence rate of PCNSL continues to rise. The increase is evident in all age groups and in both genders. Data from the current study suggest that improved diagnostic tools, such as CT or MRI, cannot explain this increase. Cancer 2002;95:1504,10. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10851 [source] Recent trends in breast cancer incidence among 6 Asian groups in the Greater Bay Area of Northern California,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2007Theresa H.M. Keegan Abstract Asians and Pacific Islanders are typically aggregated in United States (US) cancer statistics even though the few studies that have considered subgroups separately have found marked differences in cancer incidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate trends in breast cancer incidence rates separately for US Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Korean, South Asian and Vietnamese women overall and by age at diagnosis, histologic subtype and stage at diagnosis. Age-adjusted incidence rates and annual percent changes (APC) of new, primary breast cancer diagnosed in the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry of Northern California (1990,2002) were calculated using SEER*Stat. In women under 50 years of age, annual incidence rates decreased for Japanese (APC = ,4.1, p = 0.02) and Filipinas (APC = ,1.9, p = 0.11), and increased or fluctuated in other subgroups over the study period. In women 50 years or older, rates of invasive breast cancer increased for most subgroups, except Filipinas (APC = ,1.3, p = 0.32), and in Japanese until 1998,2000. Rates of breast cancer in situ increased in most subgroups from 1990 to 2002, as did rates of lobular breast cancer for Chinese (APC = +7.46, p < 0.01) women. In Japanese women, rates of lobular breast cancer were highest in 1995,1997 and decreased thereafter. Our data support the notion that the prevalence of established risk factors influence breast cancer incidence, as breast cancer rates increased for more recently immigrated groups and decreased among more established groups, and may suggest leads into other avenues of research, such as genetic differences, that may explain differences in incidence rates among Asian subgroups. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||