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Host Reaction (host + reaction)
Selected AbstractsMyxobolus erythrophthalmi sp. n. and Myxobolus shaharomae sp. n. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) from the internal organs of rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.), and bleak, Alburnus alburnus (L.)JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 3 2009K Molnár Abstract During a survey of myxosporean parasites of cyprinid fish in Hungary, infections caused by unknown Myxobolus spp. were found in the internal organs of rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, and bleak, Alburnus alburnus. Small plasmodia developed in blood vessels of the kidney, liver, testes and intestinal wall. The parasites were studied on the basis of spore morphology and by histological and molecular methods. In most cases, plasmodia were surrounded by host tissue without a host reaction; however, in advanced cases, a connective tissue capsule was seen around plasmodia. Spores collected from the two fish species differed from each other and from the known Myxobolus spp. both in their morphology and 18S rDNA sequences. The two species, described as M. erythrophthalmi sp. n. from rudd and M. shaharomae sp. n. from bleak, are characterized by a specific histotropism to blood vessels, while the organ specificity involves the kidney and for the latter species, most internal organs. [source] Giant Congenital Nevus with Progressive Sclerodermoid Reaction in a NewbornPEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Sean F. Pattee B.S. Giant congenital melanocytic nevi are a rare occurrence in the pediatric population. The risk of malignant transformation associated with these lesions has been well established; however, the management strategies for giant congenital nevi remain controversial. We report an unusual sclerodermoid reaction in a giant congenital nevus in a 6-week-old Caucasian girl. Given its abnormal clinical appearance, the entire lesion was excised. The histology was consistent with an atypical compound/sclerosing spindle and epithelioid cell congenital nevus. No evidence of malignant change was seen histologically. The incidence of malignant transformation in giant congenital nevi has been difficult to calculate. Review of the literature yields an incidence of between 4 and 9%, favoring surgical excision of these lesions where possible. Atypical presentations of giant congenital nevi are rare, and we have found no other reported cases with a stromal change similar to that seen in our patient. We hypothesize that this change may represent an atypical host reaction to the nevus cells. [source] Inheritance of insensitivity to culture filtrate of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, race 2, in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)PLANT BREEDING, Issue 3 2006P.K. Singh Abstract Tan spot of wheat is caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. On susceptible hosts, P. tritici-repentis induces two phenotypically distinct symptoms, tan necrosis and chlorosis. This fungus produces several toxins that induce tan necrosis and chlorosis symptoms in susceptible cultivars. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of insensitivity to necrosis-inducing culture filtrate of P. tritici-repentis, race 2, and to establish the relationship between the host reaction to culture filtrate and spore inoculation with respect to the necrosis component. The F1, F2, and BC1F1 plants and F2:8 lines of five crosses involving resistant wheat genotypes ,Erik', ,Red Chief', and line 86ISMN 2137 with susceptible cultivars ,Glenlea' and ,Kenyon' were studied. Plants were spore-inoculated at the two-leaf stage. Four days later, the newly emerged uninoculated third leaf was infiltrated with a culture filtrate of isolate Ptr 92,164 (race 2). Reactions to the spore inoculation and the culture filtrate were recorded 8 days after spore inoculation. The segregation observed in the F2 and BC1F1 generations and the F2:8 lines of all crosses indicated that a single recessive gene controlled insensitivity to necrosis caused by culture filtrate. This gene also controlled resistance to necrosis induced by spore inoculation. [source] Anti-inflammatory and tissue-protectant drug effects: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial of gastritis patients at high risk for gastric cancerALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 6 2001L. A. Fischbach Background: The inflammatory process involving Helicobacter pylori- associated gastritis is thought to lead to epithelial damage and contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Evidence exists from animal and in vitro studies suggesting that tetracyclines have both anti-inflammatory and tissue-protectant effects unrelated to their antimicrobial activity. We attempted to modulate components of H. pylori's inflammatory process by: (i) eliminating the infection; (ii) using tetracycline to alter the host's reaction to the infection without reducing the bacterial load; and (iii) using calcium to counteract the effect of excessive dietary salt. Methods: We conducted a 16-week placebo-controlled clinical trial with 374 H. pylori- associated gastritis patients randomly assigned to one of five groups: (1) triple therapy consisting of metronidazole, amoxicillin and bismuth subsalicylate for 2 weeks, followed by bismuth alone for 14 weeks; (2) calcium carbonate; (3) triple therapy and calcium carbonate; (4) tetracycline; or (5) placebo. Results: Subjects in the tetracycline and triple therapy groups, but not the calcium carbonate only group, showed a reduction in inflammation and epithelial damage vs. those in the placebo group, independent of a change in H. pylori density and other factors. Our results also indicate that epithelial damage may be affected by mechanisms independent of H. pylori density or inflammation. Conclusion: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that tetracycline can decrease inflammation independent of a reduction in the bacterial load. More research is needed to investigate mechanisms leading to epithelial damage which are independent of H. pylori density and inflammation. [source] | ||||||||||