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American Males (american + male)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	30%
Psychology	20%

Selected Abstracts

A Geometric Morphometric Approach to Sex Determination of the Human Adult Os Coxa

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 4 2010
Joan A. Bytheway Ph.D.
Abstract:, Sex determination of the human skeleton is best assessed from the os coxa. The present study explored the possibility of using three-dimensional landmark coordinate data collected from various landmarks located over the entire bone to determine whether there were significant sex differences local to the landmarks. Thirty-six landmarks were digitized on 200 African American and European American male and female adult human os coxae. MANCOVA results show that sex and size have a significant effect on shape for both European Americans (Sex, F = 17.50, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0001; Size, F = 2.56, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0022) and African Americans (Sex, F = 21.18, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0001; Size, F = 2.59, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0005). The discriminant analysis shows that sexing accuracy for European Americans is 98% for both males and females, 98% for African American females, and 100% for African American males. [source]

Forensic Age-at-Death Estimation from the Human Sacrum,

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 2 2009
Nicholas V. Passalacqua M.S.
Abstract:, A new method is described here that incorporates seven developmental and degenerative changes for estimating chronological age from morphological features of the human sacrum. The construction of this method involved multiple stages of trait identification, character-state definition and age correlation, rank-order phase development, and percent-correct sample testing with phase and sample aggregation, all of which resulted in a six-phase component system for application on modern individuals. This phase system was first developed on European American male and female samples from the Hamann-Todd collection; then tested on African American male and female Hamann-Todd samples as well as European American male and females from the WM Bass collection to examine possible sex and/or ancestry differences. Variation in age estimates due to sex and ancestry was negligible; thus, the multiple samples were all pooled creating a robust method with a large sample size. Overall age ranges increase in width at two standard deviations as is expected from degenerative age-related processes but retain utility in forensic situations. [source]

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage as Complication of Phenylephrine Injection for the Treatment of Ischemic Priapism in a Sickle Cell Disease Patient

THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2008
Hugo H. Davila MD
ABSTRACT Introduction., Ischemic priapism (IP) is a urologic condition, which necessitates prompt management. Intracavernosal injection of phenylephrine is a usual treatment modality utilized for the management of these patients. Aim., We present a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage following intracavernosal injection of phenylephrine for IP in a patient with sickle cell disease. Methods., We analyzed the degree of subarachnoid hemorrhage in our patient after intracavernosal injection of phenylephrine. The patient had an acute rise in blood pressure during corporal irrigation. This was followed by the onset of severe headache. Computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the diagnosis of a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Main Outcome Measure., Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with intracavernosal injection of phenylephrine. Result., A 23-year-old African American male with a history of sickle cell disease presented with a painful penile erection. The patient was started on intravenous fluids, oxygen by nasal canula, and analgesic medication. After this, a blood gas was obtained from his left corpora cavernosa. This was followed by normal saline irrigation and injection of phenylephrine. The patient complained of a sudden, severe "terrible headache" immediately following the last injection, and noncontrast CT scan of the head was obtained and a subarachnoid hemorrhage was noted. The patient was admitted for observation and no significant changes were noted. Conclusions., Intracavernosal injection of phenylephrine for the management of IP can be associated with several possible complications. We present our single case complicated with the formation of a subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient was treated conservatively and had no long-term neurologic sequelae. Davila HH, Parker J, Webster JC, Lockhart JL, and Carrion RE. Subarachnoid hemorrhage as complication of phenylephrine injection for the treatment of ischemic priapism in a sickle cell disease patient. J Sex Med 2008;5:1025,1028. [source]

Carceral Chicago: Making the Ex-offender Employability Crisis

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2008
JAMIE PECK
Abstract This article explores the urban labor market consequences of large-scale incarceration, a policy with massively detrimental implications for communities of color. Case study evidence from Chicago suggests that the prison system has come to assume the role of a significant (urban) labor market institution, the regulatory outcomes of which are revealed in the social production of systemic unemployability across a criminalized class of African,American males, the hypertrophied economic and social decline of those ,receiving communities' to which thousands of ex-convicts return, and the remorseless rise of recidivism rates. Notwithstanding the significant social costs, the churning of the prison population through the lower reaches of the labor market is associated with the further degradation of contingent and informal-economy jobs, the hardening of patterns of radical segregation, and the long-term erosion of employment prospects within the growing ex-offender population, for whom social stigma, institutional marginalization and economic disenfranchisement assume the status of an extended form of incarceration. Résumé La politique publique d'incarcération massive, aux implications largement préjudiciables aux communautés de couleur, affecte également le marché du travail des villes. Une étude de cas sur Chicago indique que le système pénitentiaire a fini par devenir une institution importante du marché du travail (urbain) dont les réglementations se traduisent à la fois par la production sociale d'une inemployabilité systémique pour une classe criminalisée de males afro-américains, par le déclin économique et social hypertrophié des ,communautés d'accueil' vers lesquelles retournent des milliers d'ex-prisonniers, et par l'accroissement impitoyable des taux de récidive. Malgré de forts coûts sociaux, le brassage de la population carcérale dans les niveaux inférieurs du marché du travail se combine à la dégradation accrue des postes occasionnels et offerts par l'économie parallèle, mais aussi au durcissement des types de ségrégation radicale et à une érosion durable des perspectives d'emploi au sein de la population grandissante des ex-délinquants pour lesquels stigmatisation sociale, marginalisation institutionnelle et non-reconnaissance économique revêtent une forme d'incarcération prolongée. [source]

A Geometric Morphometric Approach to Sex Determination of the Human Adult Os Coxa

A Longitudinal Study of Depressive Symptoms and Marijuana Use in a Sample of Inner-City African Americans

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 3 2008
Paula B. Repetto
The association between marijuana use and depressive symptoms was examined longitudinally in a sample of 622 African American youth, interviewed on six occasions, using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). We considered whether depressive symptoms predicted changes in marijuana use and vice versa from high school through the transition into young adulthood. We also examined gender differences in these behaviors over time. The results indicated that depressive symptoms predicted later marijuana use only for males. Marijuana use did not predict later depressive symptoms for females or males. These findings are consistent with a unidirectional hypothesis indicating that marijuana use may play a role as mood regulator among young males, but not among females. Research findings also indicate that females with lower depressive symptoms use more marijuana than females who report high depressive symptoms. These findings did not change even after controlling for the effects of using other substances at previous stages, school achievement, and demographics factors. These results suggest that depressive symptoms may be an antecedent of marijuana use among African American males. [source]

Advocates in the Age of Jazz: Women and the Campaign for the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill

PEACE & CHANGE, Issue 3 2003
Mary Jane Brown
More than three thousand people, predominantly African American males, were lynched in the United States between 1892 and 1940. Occurring mostly in the South, lynching was a means that white southerners used to enforce white supremacy and prevent African Americans from achieving political, social, and economic gains after the Civil War ended slavery. White southerners declared that the threat of black men raping white women necessitated lynching. They further argued that inaction by the courts and the black community's shielding of criminals justified mob action, theories that gained wide acceptance in the South and that were commonly accepted in the North as well. In the 1890s, black women, led by anti-lynching advocate Ida B. Wells-Barnett, began a protest against lynching that swelled into a sizable movement. Under Wells-Barnett's leadership, anti-lynching activists dismantled the theory of white women's protection and formulated a strategy of investigation and exposure that became the template for future anti-lynching drives. When the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded in 1909, it made anti-lynching a priority and drew black and white women to its anti-lynching battle. By the 1920s, women 's anti-lynching activity had become essential to the NAACP's drive for federal anti-lynching legislation and its campaign for passage of the Dyer bill. NAACP secretary Walter White's reliance on women increased throughout the 1920s, and women, courted both as voters and moral authorities, achieved a new level of importance in social movements and drives for legislation. This marked the beginning of the NAACP's twenty-year struggle for federal anti-lynching legislation, a campaign in which black and white women worked cooperatively and were essential to the campaign for the Dyer bill. [source]

High assimilation of the sacrum in a sample of American skeletons: Prevalence, pelvic size, and obstetrical and evolutionary implications

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
Robert G. Tague
Abstract High assimilation sacrum is fusion of the caudal-most lumbar vertebra to the first sacral vertebra. Previous studies have shown that high assimilation is associated with clinical problems, including obstetrical difficulty. This study used adult American males (n = 1,048) and females (n = 1,038) of the Hamann,Todd and Terry skeletal collections to determine the prevalence of high assimilation and its effect on pelvic size, and to consider the obstetrical and evolutionary implications of high assimilation. The prevalence of high assimilation in this sample is 6.3%, with males and females not differing significantly from one another in their prevalence. This prevalence is near the median for that reported in 41 other samples. In both males and females, individuals with high assimilation have significantly longer anteroposterior and posterior sagittal diameters of the inlet, and shorter sacrum compared to those with a nonassimilated sacrum. Females with high assimilation have a significantly narrower sacral angulation (i.e., reduced inclination of ventral axis of sacrum), and shorter posterior sagittal diameter of the outlet compared to those with a nonassimilated sacrum. A short posterior sagittal diameter of the outlet is associated with childbirth difficulty. As high assimilation is partial homeotic transformation of a lumbar vertebra, this study supports previous research that homeotic transformation of vertebrae is selectively disadvantageous. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

(Un)Necessary Toughness?: Those "Loud Black Girls" and Those "Quiet Asian Boys"

ANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2003
Assistant Professor Joy L LeiArticle first published online: 8 JAN 200
This article examines the process of identity construction and its relationship to discursive and representational acts in producing students as academic and social beings. Drawing on Judith Butler's work on gender performativity, I focus on two student populations,black females and Southeast Asian American males,and analyze the symbolic and material effects of the production of them as racialized, gendered Other through the repeated stylization of their bodies and behavior. The materialization of the students as "loud black girls" and "quiet Asian boys," however, opens up the potential for disrupting the hegemonicfbrces of regulatory norms. [source]

Parents' Roles in Shaping Early Adolescents' Occupational Aspirations

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2001
Kathleen M. Jodl
Relations among dimensions of parenting and adolescents' occupational aspirations were examined in two specific domains: academics and sports. The sample consisted of 444 seventh graders, with approximately equal numbers of African American and European American males and females, from two-parent nondivorced families. Multiple measures were used as indicators of parents' values and behaviors, youths' values and beliefs, positive identification with parents, and adolescents' occupational aspirations. In the academic domain, parents' values predicted youths' values directly rather than indirectly through their behaviors. In contrast, fathers' behaviors mediated the relation between parents' and youths' values in the sports domain. Positive identification was directly related to adolescents' values (especially about academics); however, positive identification did not moderate the transmission of values from parent to child in either domain. Parents' values predicted adolescents' occupational aspirations via both direct and indirect pathways. Similar results were obtained for African American and European American males and females. These findings highlight the potential role of parents as socializers of achievement-related values, and, ultimately, adolescents' occupational visions of themselves in the future. [source]