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High-risk Sample (high-risk + sample)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Psychology66%
Medical Sciences33%

Selected Abstracts

Attachment from Infancy to Early Adulthood in a High-Risk Sample: Continuity, Discontinuity, and Their Correlates

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2000
Nancy S. Weinfield
This study explores the stability of attachment security and representations from infancy to early adulthood in a sample chosen originally for poverty and high risk for poor developmental outcomes. Participants for this study were 57 young adults who are part of an ongoing prospective study of development and adaptation in a high-risk sample. Attachment was assessed during infancy by using the Ainsworth Strange Situation (Ainsworth & Wittig) and at age 19 by using the Berkeley Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main). Possible correlates of continuity and discontinuity in attachment were drawn from assessments of the participants and their mothers over the course of the study. Results provided no evidence for significant continuity between infant and adult attachment in this sample, with many participants transitioning to insecurity. The evidence, however, indicated that there might be lawful discontinuity. Analyses of correlates of continuity and discontinuity in attachment classification from infancy to adulthood indicated that the continuous and discontinuous groups were differentiated on the basis of child maltreatment, maternal depression, and family functioning in early adolescence. These results provide evidence that although attachment has been found to be stable over time in other samples, attachment representations are vulnerable to difficult and chaotic life experiences. [source]

Parent,infant relationship global assessment scale: A study of its predictive validity

PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 5 2002
YUTAKA AOKI
Abstract The Parent,Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scale (PIRGAS; Zero to Three, 1994) provides a continuously distributed scale of infant,parent relationship adaptation, raging from ,well-adapted' to ,dangerously impaired'. The present study examines the predictive validity of the PIRGAS in a high-risk sample by coding relationship adaptation level from a single sample of 10 min of unstructured free play between mothers and their 20-month-old infants and examining its relationship to subsequent interaction with mothers and behavior problems at 24 months. Relationship adaptation assessed reliably from observations of only 10 min of free play between mothers and their infants at 20 months of age using PIRGAS predicted subsequent mother, infant interaction in a laboratory based problem-solving paradigm (Crowell procedure) at 24 months and internalizing symptomatology of Child Behavior Checklist at age 24 months. These results contribute to the predictive validity of the PIRGAS as a measure of mother,infant relationship adaptation. [source]

Retinopathy of prematurity in a Copenhagen high-risk sample 1997,98

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 3 2000
The allover surveillance for ROP appears more, more complete
ABSTRACT. Purpose: From two recent materials to describe the present clinical status regarding retinopathy of prematurity in Denmark, and to outline trends over time. Methods: A) Results of regular ophthalmic surveillance of 201 clinically selected (higher risk of ROP than average) pre-term infants of birth year 1997,98 taken care of in the two greater Copenhagen tertiary neonatal units, in an intended prospective design. Gestational age range was 24,32 weeks at delivery; birth weights 490,2200 g. Median values 28 weeks and 1090 g. B) A brief account of the latest ROP-associated registrations of visual impairment in Danish children aged 0,17 years (n=138). Results: A) ROP was observed in 31.3% (n=201). Retinal cryotherapy was given to eleven ,own' cases and to two from elsewhere (n=13, gestational age at delivery 25,31 weeks). Five had cryotherapy twice. Four of the 13 were later registered for visual impairment. B) Comparing the first and the latest third of the registrations, visual impairment has dropped in frequency and severity over the period from 1981 till now. Conclusions: Compared to previous data the present clinical profile of ROP in Denmark indicates a relatively lower overall frequency of ROP and a decrease in eventual severe visual impairment. Undoubtedly, the continued refinement of neonatal care has been of relevance, but the definite decline in visual impairment further reflects a more complete ophthalmic surveillance, on a national basis. The advanced cases are generally detected in time and retinal ablation therapy offered. [source]

Attachment from Infancy to Early Adulthood in a High-Risk Sample: Continuity, Discontinuity, and Their Correlates

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2000
Nancy S. Weinfield
This study explores the stability of attachment security and representations from infancy to early adulthood in a sample chosen originally for poverty and high risk for poor developmental outcomes. Participants for this study were 57 young adults who are part of an ongoing prospective study of development and adaptation in a high-risk sample. Attachment was assessed during infancy by using the Ainsworth Strange Situation (Ainsworth & Wittig) and at age 19 by using the Berkeley Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main). Possible correlates of continuity and discontinuity in attachment were drawn from assessments of the participants and their mothers over the course of the study. Results provided no evidence for significant continuity between infant and adult attachment in this sample, with many participants transitioning to insecurity. The evidence, however, indicated that there might be lawful discontinuity. Analyses of correlates of continuity and discontinuity in attachment classification from infancy to adulthood indicated that the continuous and discontinuous groups were differentiated on the basis of child maltreatment, maternal depression, and family functioning in early adolescence. These results provide evidence that although attachment has been found to be stable over time in other samples, attachment representations are vulnerable to difficult and chaotic life experiences. [source]

Parental rearing and substance related disorders,a multi-factorial controlled study in a Swedish sample

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 6 2004
P. Andersson
Dysfunctional parental rearing was investigated to evaluate cognitive self-protective strategies in a high-risk sample from the Methadone Maintenance Programme, Stockholm, Sweden, and healthy subjects respectively. The Bowlby-Scale, the ASQ-SWED, the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale and the Dysfunctional Working Models Scale were used. Results confirm insecure attachment (types A, C, D) among addicts and secure attachment (type B) among controls. The influence of the pathological pattern Compulsive self-reliance on the personality factor Confidence in self and others was 40.3 times higher (odds ratio) for addicts. The content of schemas in substance-related disorders shows an individual vulnerability associated with a decreased social competence and a very high risk for the development of various types of psychopathology. On the other hand, findings obtained in control subjects attest to a ,normal' organization of self-protective strategies and a pattern of behaviour mainly based on secure attachment.,Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

The representation of fathers by children of depressed mothers: refining the meaning of parentification in high-risk samples

THE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 5 2010
Matthew Woolgar
Background:, Children's representations of mothers in doll-play are associated with child adjustment. Despite the importance of fathers for children's adjustment, especially in the context of maternal psychopathology, few studies have considered children's representations of their fathers. Method:, We examined the portrayal of fathers by 5-year-old children of depressed (N = 55) and non-depressed (N = 39) mothers in a doll-play procedure concerning family experience. Results:, Children gave equal prominence in their play to mothers and fathers. Representations of fathers were unrelated to maternal mood, but were associated with parental conflict. Representations of child care for the father that was unreciprocated predicted poor child adjustment in school, but only in children exposed to maternal postnatal depression. Conclusions:, It may be clinically useful to consider children's distinctive representations of their mother and father; but the concept of parentification in relation to risk and resilience effects requires refinement. [source]