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Highly Effective Method (highly + effective_method)
Selected AbstractsA New and Highly Effective Method for Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohols to the Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds Using the Tris[(2-oxazolinyl)phenolato] manganese(III)/Oxone®/n-Bu4NBr Oxidation System.CHEMINFORM, Issue 12 2004Mojtaba Bagherzadeh Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] From Mono-Triazolium Salt to Bis-Triazolium Salt: Improvement of the Asymmetric Intermolecular Benzoin CondensationADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 16 2008Yajun Ma Abstract A solution to the long-standing challenge of developing a highly effective method for the enantioselective intermolecular benzoin condensation of aromatic aldehydes is described. The chiral bis-bicyclic triazolium salt , 1,3-bis{(S)-5-benzyl-6,8-dihydro-5H -[1,4]oxazino[2,1- c][1,2,4]triazol-2-ium-2-yl}benzene dichloride [(S)- 5a-1] is currently the most efficient precatalyst for the asymmetric variant of the benzoin condensation. [source] A NEW LARVAL FISH BIOASSAY FOR TESTING THE PATHOGENICITY OF PFIESTERIA SPP. (DINOPHYCEAE),JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 3 2003Vincent J. Lovko Water quality, microbial contamination, prior fish health, and variable results have been major impediments to identifying the cause and mechanism of fish mortality in standard aquarium-format Pfiesteria bioassays. Therefore, we developed a sensitive 96-h larval fish bioassay for assessing Pfiesteria spp. pathogenicity using six-well tissue culture plates and 7-day-old larval cyprinodontid fish. We used the assay to test pathogenicity of several clonal lines of Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger and Burkholder and P. shumwayae Glasgow and Burkholder that had been cultured with algal prey for 2 to 36 months. The P. shumwayae cultures exhibited 80%,100% cumulative mortality in less than 96 h at initial zoospore densities of approximately 1000 cells·mL,1. No fish mortalities occurred with P. piscicida at identical densities or in controls. In a dose-response assay, we demonstrated a strong positive correlation between dinospore density and fish mortality in a highly pathogenic culture of P. shumwayae, generating a 96-h LD50 of 108 zoospores·mL,1. Additionally, we applied the assay to evaluate a 38-L P. shumwayae bioassay that was actively killing fish and compared results with those from exposures of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a 500-mL assay system. Water from the fish-killing 38-L assay was filtered and centrifuged to produce fractions dominated by dinoflagellates, bacteria, or presumed ichthyotoxin (cell-free fraction). After 96 h, the larval fish assay exhibited 50%,100% cumulative mortality only in fractions containing dinoflagellates, with no mortalities occurring in the other fractions. The 500-mL bioassay with tilapia produced inconsistent results and demonstrated no clear correlation between mortality and treatment. The new larval fish bioassay was demonstrated as a highly effective method to verify and evaluate dinoflagellate pathogenicity. [source] Mobile Crisis Team Intervention to Enhance Linkage of Discharged Suicidal Emergency Department Patients to Outpatient Psychiatric Services: A Randomized Controlled TrialACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010Glenn W. Currier MD Abstract Objectives:, Many suicidal patients treated and released from emergency departments (ED) fail to follow through with subsequent outpatient psychiatric appointments, often presenting back for repeat ED services. Thus, the authors sought to determine whether a mobile crisis team (MCT) intervention would be more effective than standard referral to a hospital-based clinic as a means of establishing near-term clinical contact after ED discharge. This objective was based on the premise that increased attendance at the first outpatient mental health appointment would initiate an ongoing treatment course, with subsequent differential improvements in psychiatric symptoms and functioning for patients successfully linked to care. Methods:, In a rater-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 120 participants who were evaluated for suicidal thoughts, plans, or behaviors, and who were subsequently discharged from an urban ED, were randomized to follow-up either in the community via a MCT or at an outpatient mental health clinic (OPC). Both MCTs and OPCs offered the same structured array of clinical services and referral options. Results:, Successful first clinical contact after ED discharge (here described as "linkage" to care) occurred in 39 of 56 (69.6%) participants randomized to the MCT versus 19 of 64 (29.6%) to the OPC (relative risk = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.55,3.56, p < 0.001). However, we detected no significant differences between groups using intention-to-treat analyses in symptom or functional outcome measures, at either 2 weeks or 3 months after enrollment. We also found no significant differences in outcomes between participants who did attend their first prescribed appointment via MCT or OPC versus those who did not. However divided (MCT vs. OPC, present at first appointment vs. no show), groups showed significant improvements but maintained clinically significant levels of dysfunction and continued to rely on ED services at a similar rate in the 6 months after study enrollment. Conclusions:, Community-based mobile outreach was a highly effective method of contacting suicidal patients who were discharged from the ED. However, establishing initial postdischarge contact in the community versus the clinic did not prove more effective at enhancing symptomatic or functional outcomes, nor did successful linkage with outpatient psychiatric care. Overall, participants showed some improvement shortly after ED discharge regardless of outpatient clinical contact, but nonetheless remained significantly symptomatic and at risk for repeated ED presentations. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:36,43 © 2009 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine [source] Metal and solvent-free cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds with tris(pentafluorophenyl)boraneAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2009Santosh T. Kadam Abstract A highly effective method of the cynaosilylation of aldehydes and ketones with TMSCN in the presence of catalytic amount of B(C6F5)3 [tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane] has been developed. Cyano transfer from TMSCN to carbonyl group proceeds at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. Various alehydes and ketones have been converted into the corresponding trimethylsilylether within short reaction times with excellent yield under mild conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||