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Healthy Term Newborns (healthy + term_newborn)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Prediction of hyperbilirubinaemia in the healthy term newborn

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2001
X Carbonell
The aim is to establish the correlation between transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) and serum bilirubin (TSB) and its predictive value for significant hyperbilirubinaemia ,290 mcmol/L (17mg/dL). We studied a total of 2004 healthy full-term newborns, weight 3.230g ± 491g; 90% received breast milk. The study was performed in two phases. In the first phase (610 newborns), the following tests were carried out: hematocrit and bilirubin in umbilical cord blood; TCB at 24 h, 48 h and between 60 h and 96 h at the forehead and over the sternum; TSB was measured along with this last test. In the second phase (1394 newborns), the predictive value of TCB and TSB was validated. The incidence of bilirubin >290 mcmol/L was 2.95% and 3.2%. The correlation between TSB and TCB is high (n= 996; r = 0.92; y = 5.916 + 0.804x; p < 0.000). There was a better correlation between TCB and TSB with sternal compared to forehead determination (< 24 h: 0.81 vs 0.77; 24,48 h: 0.887 vs 0.83; and >48 h: 0.94 vs 0.83). The study showed the scant sensitivity of umbilical cord blood bilirubin and good predictive value at 24 h of TSB > 102 mcmol/L (6mg/dL) and at 48 h of TSB > 154 mcmol/L (9mg/dL) and TCB > 13 (equivalent to 154 mcmol/L). Conclusion: There is a good correlation between TCB and TSB. In infants with TSB 102 mcmol/L at 24 h or TSB > 154 mcmol/L or transcutaneous readings > 13 h at 48 h, a TSB test must be performed after 48 h of life. [source]

Development of Diaper Rash in the Newborn

PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2000
Marty O. Visscher Ph.D.
This study documents the earliest stages of rash in a cohort of 31 healthy term newborns over the first 28 days of life. The diaper area was evaluated using a standardized diaper rash grading scale. The anal, buttock, genital, intertriginous, waistband, and leg areas were assessed separately. At birth the average grade was 0.1 and none of the infants had specific features of advanced rash. Nineteen percent had dryness and/or slight redness. By day 7, 71% of infants had some features of skin compromise, giving rise to an overall grade of 0.6. Both the frequency and overall grade increased during postnatal weeks 2 and 3. Overall scores for days 21 and 28 were the same (1.1). The perianal area had the highest overall regional rash grade. Gender differences were present for the genital area only. These findings indicate that epidermal barrier breakdown is an uncommon finding at birth. Clinical signs of irritated skin in the diaper area develop progressively over the first postnatal month. A better understanding of the mechanisms conferring epidermal barrier protection at birth may be important for developing skin care products and practices to extend this protection later into life. [source]

Comparison of two doses of breast milk and sucrose during neonatal heel prick

PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2010
Tutku Ozdogan
Abstract Background:, The aim of the present study was to test analgesic effects of double- versus single-dose breast milk and compare this effect with efficacy of double- versus single-dose sucrose in a group of healthy term newborns during heel prick blood sampling. Methods:, Healthy newborns (n= 142) were consecutively allocated to one of the six groups: group 1, single-dose breast milk; group 2, single-dose sterile water; group 3, single-dose 12.5% sucrose; group 4, two doses breast milk; group 5, two doses sterile water; and group 6, two doses 12.5% sucrose before the heel prick. The medians for crying time and the pain scores according to the neonatal facial coding system were recorded. Results:, Crying times were 117 s, 126 s, 82 s, 128 s, 117 s, and 95 s in groups 1,6, respectively (P= 0.053). The mean pain scores were 4.60, 5.82, 3.91, 4.94, 5, and 4.05 in groups 1,6, respectively (P= 0.068). There was a significant difference between the groups for mean pain scores at 1 min and 3 min. There was a significant difference between the single-dose sucrose group and single-dose sterile water group at 1 min (P= 0.002). The babies in the sucrose group were active awake, whereas the ones in the breast milk group were asleep before heel prick. Conclusion:, Two doses of sucrose solution were not superior to single-dose sucrose. Neither single nor double doses of breast milk were effective in relieving pain in neonates. Two milliliters breast milk does not reduce response to pain during minor painful procedures in term neonates even when two doses have been given. Further studies are needed. [source]

Postpartum Maternal Oxytocin Release by Newborns: Effects of Infant Hand Massage and Sucking

BIRTH, Issue 1 2001
Ann-Sofi Matthiesen BSc
Background:Newborns placed skin-to-skin with their mothers show an inborn sequence of behavior similar to that seen in other mammals. The purpose of this study was to make a detailed exploration of hand movements and sucking behavior in healthy term newborns who were placed skin-to-skin on their mothers' chests, and to study maternal oxytocin release in relation to these behaviors.Methods:Ten vaginally delivered infants whose mothers had not been exposed to maternal analgesia were video-recorded from birth until the first breastfeeding. Video protocols were developed based on observations of the videotapes. Each infant's hand, finger, mouth, and tongue movements, positions of the hand and body, and sucking behavior were assessed every 30 seconds. Maternal blood samples were collected every 15 minutes, and oxytocin levels were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. A statistical test for establishing the relationship between maternal oxytocin levels and infants' hand movements or sucking behavior was developed.Results:Infants used their hands to explore and stimulate their mother's breast in preparation for the first breastfeeding. A coordinated pattern of infant hand and sucking movements was also identified. When the infants were sucking, the massagelike hand movements stopped and started again when the infants made a sucking pause. Periods of increased massagelike hand movements or sucking of the mother's breast were followed by an increase in maternal oxytocin levels (p < 0.005). Conclusions:The findings indicate that the newborns use their hands as well as their mouths to stimulate maternal oxytocin release after birth, which may have significance for uterine contraction, milk ejection, and mother-infant interaction. [source]

Labour increases the surface expression of two toll-like receptors in the cord blood monocytes of healthy term newborns

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 6 2009
Chung-Min Shen
Abstract Aim: Mode of delivery may influence the innate immune system in newborns. We investigated the effect of maternal labour on the expression of two toll-like receptors, TLR2 and TLR4, in monocytes obtained from healthy full-term newborns. Methods: Monocytes were obtained from cord blood of 48 newborns that have been vaginally delivered (VD) and 14 newborns delivered by elective caesarean section (CS) without labour. Peripheral blood was also obtained from 17 healthy adults. Surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the monocytes was measured by antihuman TLR2 or TLR4 monoclonal antibody and immunofluorescence flow cytometry. TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA levels were evaluated by real-time PCR. Results: CS newborns had a significantly lower level of TLR2 and TLR4 surface expression on monocytes than VD newborns. No significant difference was found between the surface expression of VD newborns and healthy adults. TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA levels in monocytes did not vary among the three study groups. Conclusion: Labour may up-regulate TLR2 and TLR4 on the cord blood monocytes of newborns at the protein level. Since TLRs are an important part of the innate immune system, our findings suggest that labour may be immunologically beneficial to normal newborns. [source]