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Healthy Female Subjects (healthy + female_subject)
Selected AbstractsEvaluation of a sunscreen photoprotective effect by ascorbic acid assessment in human dermis using microdialysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometryEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Nathalie Lévêque Abstract:, Ultraviolet irradiation causes adverse effects like sunburn, photosensitivity reactions or immunologic suppression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the photo-protective outcome of a sunscreen cream (SPF8) by the determination of erythema indexes and the assessment of ascorbic acid and its metabolites in human dermis. These substances were used as markers of oxidative effect. Eight healthy female subjects were enrolled in this study. Two abdominal areas were exposed to solar simulated irradiation with three minimal erythema dose, one with SPF8 application and the other site without SPF8 application. Two other areas were used as control, one without SPF8 application and the other site after SPF8 application. Ascorbic acid and its metabolites (dehydroascorbic acid, threonic acid, oxalic acid and xylose) were collected from human dermis by microdialysis and assessed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Irradiated site without sunscreen application had significantly demonstrated lower dermis ascorbic acid concentrations and a higher erythema index than the three other sites (P < 0.05). Threonic acid, oxalic acid and xylose dermis concentrations were significantly higher in site III than in the control site I (P < 0.05). The protected-irradiated site did not show erythema formation and there was stability of ascorbic acid dermis concentrations with non-variation in its metabolites. The assessment of ascorbic acid and its metabolites in human dermis could be an efficient tool to demonstrate the oxidative process and consequently to control the efficiency of sunscreen creams against undesirable UV effects. [source] Plasma and gastric mucosal 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations following cold water intake in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndromeJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2007Xiu Li Zuo Abstract Background and Aim:, The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the effects of cold water intake on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (d-IBS) patients, and to observe the relationship between 5-HT and symptomatology. Methods:, The plasma 5-HT/5-HIAA concentrations at 0, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 150 min and 180 min following cold or warm water intake were investigated in 32 female subjects with d-IBS and 21 healthy female subjects. Gastric mucosal 5-HT under fasting conditions and following water intake were further investigated in 15 d-IBS patients and nine healthy subjects. Symptomatology was assessed throughout the study. Results:, The plasma 5-HT concentrations in IBS patients were significantly higher than those of controls at 30 min (P = 0.022), 60 min (P < 0.001), 90 min (P < 0.001), 120 min (P < 0.001) and 150 min (P = 0.001) after cold water intake. The peak plasma 5-HT/5-HIAA and area under the curve for 5-HT/5-HIAA were also higher in d-IBS patients (P < 0.001). Gastric mucosal 5-HT in d-IBS patients and controls did not show any significant differences both under fasting condition (P = 0.596) and after cold water intake (P = 0.426). Last, the d-IBS patients with symptoms had higher 5-HT concentration (P < 0.001) and there was a positive correlation (r = 0.714, P = 0.001)between the symptomatology and plasma 5-HT level. Conclusions:, These data suggest that symptomatology following cold water intake may be associated with increased plasma 5-HT concentrations in female subjects with d-IBS. [source] A pilot study of the immediate effects of mirror feedback on sitting postural control in normal healthy adultsPHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2008Martin Watson Background and Purpose.,The remediation of postural control problems is a common feature of many physiotherapy interventions. Provision of augmented visual feedback through use of mirror-reflected body image is one means by which therapists can purportedly facilitate patients' postural correction abilities. Despite the historic place of this treatment modality within the physiotherapist's armamentarium, the strategy has however received very limited investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which availability of reflected body image influences the normal subjects' postural control abilities when in a sitting position.,Method.,A pilot investigation was undertaken, utilizing a sample of convenience comprising 18 healthy female subjects (mean age 20.8 years). All subjects underwent testing of their sitting postural control abilities in two separate conditions: with and without mirror feedback. A full length therapy mirror, as typically found in many rehabilitation departments, was used where appropriate to provide the reflected body image. Testing was carried out three times for each condition (six tests in total), obtaining average performance across three tests for each condition. Test order for each subject for the six tests was varied using a Latin square procedure to control for learning effect. Measurement of the subjects' postural control abilities was achieved by Balance Performance Monitor using a seat plate monitor and evaluating body sway path (mm). Postural control was challenged during testing by asking the subjects to maintain a standardized complex sitting position.,Results.,Group mean sway path with mirror feedback was lower than without: means 165.72,mm (standard deviation [SD] = 40.52,mm) versus 244.74,mm (SD = 68.48,mm). This suggested improved postural control ability when the subjects were able to view their reflected body image during testing. A related t test (t = 4.873, n = 18) showed differences between the two conditions to be statistically significant (p < 0.001), 95% confidence interval = 44.80,mm,113.23,mm.,Conclusion.,This relatively unsophisticated evaluation of mirror feedback nonetheless suggested a potential intervention effect. The precise mechanism(s) by which this strategy might effect changes in postural control ability, as well as the likely carryover of the effect and its replication in individuals with movement control problems, are all issues requiring further investigation. Nonetheless, these results provide provisional support for the notion that mirror feedback is a potentially useful strategy in the training of postural control. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The effect of gender on the pharmacokinetics of verapamil and norverapamil in humanBIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 7 2006S. Dadashzadeh Abstract The effects of gender on the pharmacokinetics of verapamil and its active metabolite, norverapamil, following single oral dose (80mg, Isoptin) to 12 healthy male (mean age: 25.75±2.42 years, mean body weight: 70.59±9.94kg) and 12 healthy female subjects (mean age: 24.08±2.84 years, mean body weight: 56.67±5.23kg) were investigated in the present study. Plasma concentrations of verapamil and norverapamil were analysed using a modified high-pressure liquid chromatography method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis for each subject. For verapamil the half-life (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly shorter in women than men (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). For other pharmacokinetic parameters of verapamil there were no significant differences between males and females. For norverapamil, t1/2, MRT and time to reach to the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) showed statistically significant differences between the two genders. The AUC0,24 and AUC0,, ratios of norverapamil to verapamil were also calculated. The ratios were significantly higher in women compared with men. These observations indicate that the elimination rate of verapamil is faster in women than men which may be attributed to the higher activity of CYP3A4 or lower activity of P-glycoprotein in women compared with men. A contribution of both factors in the appearance of gender differences in verapamil pharmacokinetics is also possible. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Effect of an oral contraceptive preparation containing ethinylestradiol and gestodene on CYP3A4 activity as measured by midazolam 1,-hydroxylationBRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 4 2000Sanna Palovaara Aims,To characterize the effect of an oral contraceptive (OC) containing ethinylestradiol and gestodene on the activity of CYP3A4 in vivo as measured by the 1,-hydroxylation of midazolam. Methods,In this randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial nine healthy female subjects received either a combined OC (30 µg ethinylestradiol and 75 µg gestodene) or placebo once daily for 10 days. On day 10, a single 7.5 mg dose of midazolam was given orally. Plasma concentrations of midazolam and 1,-hydroxymidazolam were determined up to 24 h and the effects of midazolam were measured with three psychomotor tests up to 8 h. Results,The combined OC increased the mean AUC of midazolam by 21% (95% CI 2% to 40%; P = 0.03) and decreased that of 1,-hydroxymidazolam by 25% (95% CI 10% to 41%; P = 0.01), compared with placebo. The metabolic ratio (AUC of 1,-hydroxymidazolam/AUC of midazolam) was 36% smaller (95% CI 19% to 53%; P = 0.01) in the OC phase than in the placebo phase. There were no significant differences in the Cmax, tmax, t½ or effects of midazolam between the phases. Conclusions,A combined OC preparation caused a modest reduction in the activity of CYP3A4, as measured by the 1,-hydroxylation of midazolam, and slightly increased the AUC of oral midazolam. This study suggests that, at the doses used, ethinylestradiol and gestodene have a relatively small effect on CYP3A4 activity in vivo. [source] | ||||||||||