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Healthy Adult Subjects (healthy + adult_subject)
Selected AbstractsChanges in blood flow velocity in the middle and anterior cerebral arteries evoked by walkingJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 3 2002Krassen Nedeltchev MD Abstract Purpose Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) is an established method for assessing changes in blood flow velocity (BFV) coupled to brain activity. Our objective was to investigate whether walking induces measurable changes in BFV in healthy subjects. Methods Changes in BFV in both middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of 40 healthy adult subjects during walking on a treadmill were measured using bilateral TCD. In 8 of the 40 subjects, 1 anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was monitored simultaneously with the contralateral MCA. The percentage increase in BFV (BFVI%) compared with the baseline velocity (V0), the percentage decrease in BFV (BFVD%) compared with the V0, and the normalized ACA-MCA ratio were analyzed. Results The overall mean (± standard deviation [SD]) V0 was 59.9 ± 11.6 cm/second in the left MCA and 60.1 ± 12.9 cm/second in the right MCA. Women had higher V0 values than men had. Walking evoked an initial mean overall BFVI% in both left (8.4 ± 5.1%) and right MCAs (9.1 ± 5.1%), followed by a decrease to below baseline values in 38 of 40 subjects. A statistically significant increase of the normalized ACA-MCA ratio was measured, indicating that changes in BFV in the ACA territory were coupled to brain activation during walking. Conclusions The use of functional TCD showed different changes in BFV in the ACAs and MCAs during walking. This method may be an interesting tool for monitoring progress in patients with motor deficits of the legs, such as paresis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:132,138, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcu.10047 [source] Long-term immunogenicity of preservative-free hepatitis B vaccine formulations in adults,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 10 2009Pierre Van Damme Abstract Vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccines is highly effective in preventing hepatitis B infection. Recently, a preservative-free (PF) formulation of hepatitis B vaccine [GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium] has been licensed. The immunogenicity of the PF hepatitis B vaccine and antibody persistence 6 years later was assessed in this study. This formulation was compared with the preservative- containing (PC) formulation of the vaccine and a low-preservative (LP) content formulation. Five hundred forty-one healthy adult subjects were evaluated in the primary study. Over 94% of the subjects in the three study groups had seroprotective anti-HBs antibody concentrations (,10,mIU/ml) 1 month after completing primary vaccination. Antibody measurements in 242 healthy adults who returned for the follow-up study and who had received primary vaccination 6 years earlier showed that over 81% of subjects in the three study groups still had anti-HBs antibody concentrations ,10,mIU/ml. No apparent differences in antibody decline or distribution between the study groups were observed. These results indicate that the removal of preservatives from the hepatitis B vaccine does not affect adversely its immunogenicity both in the short and in the longer term. J. Med. Virol. 81:1710,1715, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Distance of the contact glide in the closing masticatory stroke during mastication of three types of foodJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 8 2009B. RILO Summary, This study was designed to characterize the distance of the contact glide in the closing masticatory stroke in healthy adult subjects, during chewing of three types of food (crustless bread, chewing gum and peanuts). Mandibular movements (masticatory movements and laterality movements with dental contact) were registered using a gnathograph (MK-6I Diagnostic System) on the right and left side during unilateral chewing of the three food types. Length of dental contact was measured in masticatory cycle, which is defined as where the terminal part of the chewing cycles could be superimposed on the pathways taken by the mandible during lateral excursions with occlusal contacts. The length of dental contact during mastication of chewing gum is 1·46 ± 1 mm, during chewing of soft bread is 1·38 ± 0·7 mm and during chewing of peanuts is 1·45 ± 0·9 mm. There is no significant difference in the lengths of dental contact during mastication of three types of foods that enable direct tooth gliding. [source] Mandibular kinematics associated with simulated low-velocity rear-end impactsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 8 2006I. A. HERNÁNDEZ summary, Rear-end-impact motor vehicle accidents may result in cervical and temporomandibular-related pain complaints. Head kimematics in simulated low-impact rear-end impacts have been investigated but mandibular kinematics have not been described. Thirty healthy adult subjects underwent three impacts (4·5 m s,2 expected, 10·0 m s,2 unexpected, and 10·0 m s,2 expected). Onset time and peak magnitude of angular head acceleration, angular mandibular acceleration and angular mandibular displacement were measured. Significant mandibular opening acceleration was not identified with rearward head rotation. The peak magnitude of mandibular closing angular acceleration approximately doubled with increased impact magnitude. No differences in peak angular mandibular acceleration regarding expectation were identified. Gender differences were detected in the fast unexpected impact. The peak time for the angular mandibular acceleration (mandibular closure) was approximately 84,120 ms later than peak rearward angular head acceleration for all impacts. Onset and peak times for angular mandibular acceleration (mandibular closure) were similar to the onset and peak times for forward head acceleration. There was also a positive correlation between the magnitude of the forward angular acceleration of the head and angular acceleration of the mandible for the slow (0·65, P = 0·015) and fast expected (0·844, P = 0·001) impacts. The average angular mandibular angular displacement (mandibular closure) was approximately 6°. The hyperextension hypothesis regarding mechanism of temporomandibular joint injury in low-impact rear-end collisions cannot be supported. [source] Factors affecting human supragingival biofilm composition.JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2009Background and Objective:, Little is known about the factors that affect the microbial composition of supragingival biofilms. This study was designed to examine the relationship between total DNA probe counts of supragingival biofilm samples, clinical parameters and supragingival biofilm composition. Material and Methods:, Supragingival plaque samples were taken from 187 systemically healthy adult subjects (n = 4745 samples). All samples were individually analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization. The relationship between total DNA probe counts and microbial composition was examined by subsetting the data into 10 groups based on 10 percentile increments of the total DNA probe counts. Differences among groups in terms of species counts and proportions were sought, as well as relationships of total plaque DNA probe count and clinical parameters. Results:, There was a wide distribution in mean total DNA probe counts among the 187 subjects. With increasing total plaque levels there was a change in the proportions of individual species and microbial complexes. ,Small plaques' were characterized by high proportions of species in the yellow, orange, purple and ,other' complexes; plaques of moderate mass were characterized by high proportions of Actinomyces and purple complex species, while ,large plaques' exhibited increased proportions of green and orange complex species. Measures of gingival inflammation, pocket depth and recession were significantly positively associated with total DNA probe counts. Increased plaque numbers were related to increased pocket depth irrespective of presence or absence of gingival inflammation. Conclusion:, The proportions of individual species and microbial complexes in supragingival biofilms are influenced by the total numbers of organisms in the biofilm. [source] Bioavailability of modified-release methylphenidate: influence of high-fat breakfast when administered intact and when capsule content sprinkled on applesauceBIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 6 2003Lucy Lee Abstract Ritalin®, an immediate release form of racemic methylphenidate hydrochloride, has been available in the USA since 1955 and is used for the treatment of ADHD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of modified-release methylphenidate (highest single dose), Ritalin® LA, when administered under fasting condition, with a high-fat breakfast, and when sprinkled on applesauce in healthy adult subjects. Blood samples were drawn for 24 h following a 40 mg oral administration. Most subjects appeared to produce a bimodal methylphenidate plasma concentration profile. In all three treatment groups, methylphenidate was rapidly absorbed with an initial average tmax(0,4) of 1.3,2.4 h and an average peak plasma concentration [Cmax(abs)] of 14.4,15.2 ng/ml. On average, both the rate [Cmax(abs) and tmax(abs)] and the extent of absorption (AUC0,,) of methylphenidate were similar when the capsule was given with a high fat breakfast and when the capsule contents were sprinkled onto applesauce, compared with the fasting state. No dose dumping was observed when the capsule was given with a high fat breakfast or when sprinkled onto applesauce. The dose was safe and generally well tolerated. Coadministration of a single oral dose of 40 mg methylphenidate capsule whether administered intact with a high-fat breakfast or sprinkled on applesauce did not affect the overall rate or extent of absorption of methylphenidate compared with the fasted condition. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Abnormal dose-response melatonin suppression by light in bipolar type I patients compared with healthy adult subjectsACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA, Issue 5 2009Karen T. Hallam Objective: Among potential endophenotypes proposed for bipolar affective disorder focusing on circadian abnormalities associated with the illness has particularly high face validity. Melatonin sensitivity to light is one circadian endophenotype proposed as useful in bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate melatonin sensitivity to light over a range of light intensities in order to compare and contrast responses in bipolar I patients with those of healthy adult volunteers. Methods: The study included seven patients (4 females, 3 males) with bipolar I disorder and 34 control participants (22 females, 12 males) with no personal or family history of affective illness. Melatonin sensitivity to light was determined in all patients and participants across a range of light intensities (0, 200, 500 and 1000 lux). Results: The results indicated that patients showed melatonin super-sensitivity to light in comparison with controls, a response that was consistent across the entire light intensity range investigated. Conclusion: The study provides further evidence for a super sensitive response in bipolar I patients and suggests that its potential usefulness as an endophenotypic marker of the illness is deserving of further research. [source] | ||||||||||