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Healthy Adolescents (healthy + adolescent)
Selected AbstractsParent-child connections: The essential component for positive youth development and mental health, safe communities, and academic achievementNEW DIRECTIONS FOR YOUTH DEVELOPMENT, Issue 103 2004William S. Pollack Healthy adolescents mature within the context of loving relationships and ongoing connections. [source] Correction of facial lipoatrophy using autologous fat transplants in HIV-infected adolescentsHIV MEDICINE, Issue 5 2009C Dollfus Objectives Antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved the survival of HIV-infected children. Nevertheless, side effects comparable to those found in adults have been encountered, such as facial lipoatrophy, which can have a negative impact on the self-esteem of otherwise healthy adolescents. Cosmetic surgical procedures in adolescents raise psychological issues which need to be specifically addressed and which have never been previously reported in this population. We evaluated the patient satisfaction, safety and cosmetic results of HIV-infected adolescents who experienced autologous fat transplants for the correction of facial lipoatrophy. Methods We report the results of plastic surgery using autologous fat transplants (Coleman's LipostructureÔ) in six HIV-infected adolescents with facial lipoatrophy: three boys and three girls, aged 14,19 years. Results The quantity of reinjected fat on each side of the face varied from 5 to 12 mL within a single procedure. All the patients reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the cosmetic results and reported a positive impact on their daily life. Conclusions With well-trained surgeons and carefully selected indications, corrective surgery of facial lipoatrophy in HIV-infected adolescents can provide immediate and long-lasting benefits in terms of physical appearance and psychological wellbeing, and should be considered as a component of comprehensive care. [source] Effects of audio stimulation on gastric myoelectrical activity and sympathovagal balance in healthy adolescents and adultsJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Dennis D Chen Abstract Aim:, The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different audio stimulations on gastric myoelectrical activity and sympathovagal balance in adolescents compared with adults. Methods:, The study was performed in 11 adults and 12 adolescents. Each subject underwent two sessions, one for classical music, and the other for noise. Each session consisted of 30 min of baseline, 30 min of fasting audio stimulation, a test meal, 30 min of fed audio stimulation, and 30 min of recovery. Electrocardiogram and electrogastrogram were both recorded throughout each session. Results:, (i) In the fasting state, both classical music and noise impaired gastric slow wave activity in adolescents. In adults, noise had no effects while classical music moderately improved slow wave rhythmicity. (ii) In the fed state, neither noise nor music had any effects on gastric slow waves. (iii) In the fasting state, both noise and music increased the sympathovagal balance in adolescents; in adults only noise had such an effect. (iv) The test meal increased the sympathovagal balance in all groups. Conclusions:, Gastric slow waves and the sympathovagal balance are more strongly affected by audio stimulation in adolescents than in adults. The test meal normalizes the audio stimulation-induced differences between the groups. [source] Dynamic cerebral autoregulation in healthy adolescentsACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2002M. S. Vavilala Background: There is little information on the limits of cerebral autoregulation and the autoregulatory capacity in children. The aim of this study was to compare dynamic cerebral autoregulation between healthy adolescents and adults. Methods: Seventeen healthy volunteers 12,17 years (n = 8) and 25,45 years (n = 9) were enrolled in this study. Bilateral mean middle cerebral artery flow velocities (Vmca; (cm/s)) were measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and end-tidal carbon dioxide were measured continuously during dynamic cerebral autoregulation studies. Blood pressure cuffs were placed around both thighs and inflated to 30 mmHg above the systolic blood pressure for 3 min and then rapidly deflated, resulting in transient systemic hypotension. The change of Vmca to change in MAP constitutes the autoregulatory response, and the speed of this response was quantified using computer model parameter estimation. The dynamic autoregulatory index (ARI) was averaged between the two sides. Results: Adolescents had significantly lower ARI (3.9 ± 2.1 vs. 5.3 ± 0.8; P=0.05), and higher Vmca (75.2 ± 15.2 vs. 57.6 ± 15.0; P<0.001) than adults. Conclusion: The autoregulatory index is physiologically lower in normal adolescents 12,17 years of age than in adults. [source] Dynamics of affective experience and behavior in depressed adolescentsTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 11 2009Lisa B. Sheeber Background:, Depression is often characterized as a disorder of affect regulation. However, research focused on delineating the key dimensions of affective experience (other than valence) that are abnormal in depressive disorder has been scarce, especially in child and adolescent samples. As definitions of affect regulation center around processes involved in initiating, maintaining, and modulating the occurrence, intensity, and duration of affective experiences, it is important to examine the extent to which affective experiences of depressed youth differ on these dimensions from those of healthy youth. Methods:, The affective behavior and experience of adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 75) were compared to a demographically matched cohort of healthy adolescents (n = 77). Both samples were recruited from community high schools. A multi-source (parents and adolescent), multi-method (interviews, behavioral observations, questionnaires) assessment strategy was used to examine positive and negative affects. Results:, Depressed youth had significantly longer durations, higher frequency, and greater intensity when experiencing angry and dysphoric affects and shorter durations and less frequency of happy affect when compared to healthy youth. The most consistent, cross-method results were evident for duration of affect. Conclusions:, Clinically depressed adolescents experienced disturbances in affective functioning that were evident in the occurrence, intensity, and duration of affect. Notably, the disturbances were apparent in both positive and negative affects. [source] Reduced activation in lateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate during attention and cognitive control functions in medication-naïve adolescents with depression compared to controlsTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 3 2009Rozmin Halari Background:, There is increasing recognition of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence. In adult MDD, abnormalities of fronto-striatal and fronto-cingulate circuitries mediating cognitive control functions have been implicated in the pathogenesis and been related to problems with controlling negative thoughts. No neuroimaging studies of cognitive control functions, however, exist in paediatric depression. This study investigated whether medication-naïve adolescents with MDD show abnormal brain activation of fronto-striatal and fronto-cingulate networks when performing tasks of attentional and cognitive control. Methods:, Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare brain activation between 21 medication-naïve adolescents with a first-episode of MDD aged 14,17 years and 21 healthy adolescents, matched for handedness, age, sex, demographics and IQ. Activation paradigms were tasks of selective attention (Simon task), attentional switching (Switch task), and motor response inhibition and error detection (Stop task). Results:, In all three tasks, adolescents with depression compared to healthy controls demonstrated reduced activation in task-relevant right dorsolateral (DLPFC), inferior prefrontal cortex (IFC) and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG). Additional areas of relatively reduced activation were in the parietal lobes during the Stop and Switch tasks, putamen, insula and temporal lobes during the Switch task and precuneus during the Simon task. Conclusions:, This study shows first evidence that medication-naïve adolescents with MDD are characterised by abnormal function in ACG and right lateral prefrontal cortex during tasks of attention and performance monitoring, suggesting an early pathogenesis of these functional abnormalities attributed to MDD. [source] Noncompartmental pharmacokinetics analysis of glucose-stimulated insulin response in African,American and Caucasian youthsBIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 3 2009Lanyi Xie Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the differences in glucose and insulin responses between African,American and Caucasian youths and to determine the associations of between-group differences with sex, body mass index (BMI) and pubertal status using a noncompartmental pharmacokinetic approach. Sixteen African,American and 22 Caucasian healthy adolescents were tested using the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Longitudinal t -tests across each observation revealed that (1) African,American youths have higher insulin concentrations between 4 to 19,min; (2) insulin levels remained similar as subjects were grouped according to sex and pubertal status; (3) for glucose, the only difference was found as it approached steady-state basal level (>100,min) between groups with different BMIs. Linear regression showed that insulin concentrations between 4 to 19,min are associated with BMI in Caucasians. African,American youths were found to have higher insulin responses after glucose stimulation and the insulin concentrations were more related to BMI in Caucasians compared with African,Americans. BMI also has a significant effect on the glucose steady state basal level. The acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) extended to 20,min resulted in a more significant racial difference (p<0.0006) compared with the calculation done over 10,min suggested in the past (p<0.001). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Sex-specific association between leptin receptor polymorphisms and leptin levels and BMI in healthy adolescents,ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2010P Riestra Abstract Aim:, To examine the relationship of three common polymorphisms in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene, implicated in the regulation of body weight, with leptin levels and obesity-related phenotypes in a population-based sample of healthy pubertal children in Spain. Methods:, The study included 806 boys and girls aged 12,16 whose anthropometrical data and body composition were recorded. Serum leptin levels were determined by ELISA. The LEPR Q223R, K109R and K656N polymorphisms were determined by TaqMan® allelic discrimination assays. Results:, When analysing the Q223R polymorphism, we observed that female carriers of the RR genotype had significantly higher plasma leptin levels (18.2 vs. 15.1 ng/mL p = 0.016) and significantly higher mean BMI values (22.5 vs. 21.3 Kg/m2 p = 0.032) than QR carriers. Furthermore, the frequency of the RR genotype in overweight-obese girls was significantly higher than that found in normal-weight girls. No significant differences were observed in boys. Neither boys nor girls showed significant differences when comparing leptin levels, anthropometric variables or body composition by K109R or K656N genotype. Conclusion:, The fact, that the Q223R polymorphism in the LEPR gene is significantly associated with leptin levels and BMI only in girls, suggests a sex-specific influence of this polymorphism on these variables. [source] Adolescents with type 1 diabetes and risky behaviourACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 8 2010AE Scaramuzza Abstract Aim:, The aim of the student is to assess whether adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Italy differ from their healthy peers in regard to risky behaviour. Methods:, Data were collected from 215 patients, aged 14 ± 2 years with a mean disease duration of 7 ± 5 years. The control group was comprised of 464 healthy adolescents recruited among high school students. Each patient completed an anonymous confidential questionnaire to determine the prevalence of sexual behaviour, alcohol and tobacco consumption, illicit drug use, and, among patients with diabetes and frequency of mismanagement related to diabetes care. Results:, Compared with controls, subjects with diabetes showed a similar rate of sexual intercourse among males and lower rates among females (34.8% vs 35.5%, p NS and 29.4% vs 41.4%, p < 0.05, respectively). Males in the diabetes group reported a higher rate of tobacco use, whereas females showed similar or higher rates of use for every illicit drug studied. Among patients with diabetes, those who are engaged in risky behaviour showed a higher rate of treatment mismanagement (76% vs 34%, p < 0.01). Conclusion:, Adolescents with T1DM are as likely as their healthy peers to engage in risky behaviour, indicating the potential benefit of anticipatory guidance concerning glycaemic control and increased risk of acute and chronic complications. [source] | |||||||||||||