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Health Psychology (health + psychology)
Kinds of Health Psychology Selected AbstractsThe Future of Occupational Health PsychologyAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2004Wilmar B. Schaufeli A partir de la prise en considération de la nature changeante du travail, on a identifié trois thèmes prospectifs pour la psychologie de la santé au travail: 1) l'examen des caractéristiques des lieux de travail; 2) la recherche sur les effets des pratiques organisationnelles; 3) la recherche-action. On recense aussi cinq catégories de recherches dans la psychologie de la santé au travail, chacune pouvant contribuer à sa façon aux développements futurs du domaine: 1) la recherche explicative (le développement conceptuel de modèles de stress au travail, le développement d'une perspective d'action personnelle); 2) la recherche descriptive (des études épidémiologiques, les relations avec les paramètres organisationnels objectifs); 3) le développement des outils (la standardisation des questionnaires de stress au travail, l'évaluation des performances); 4) la recherche-action (l'utilisation de programmes de recherche plus rigoureux, l'évaluation coût-efficacité); 5) le changement organisationnel (des comptes rendus plus systématiques des projets de changement, une plus grande attention portée à la mise en oeuvre des projets). Finalement, pour que la psychologie de la santé au travail puisse se développer à l'avenir d'une façon plus équilibrée, on insiste sur la nécessité d'une mutation théorique en passant d'un modèle de la maladie à un modèle de la santé authentique. Taking into account the changing nature of work, three future topics for occupational health psychology were identified: (1) surveillance of workplace characteristics; (2) research on effects of organisational practices; (3) intervention research. Furthermore, five types of research in occupational health psychology are distinguished, each of which may contribute in its own specific way to future developments in the field: (1) explanatory research (e.g. conceptual development of job stress models, development of a personal agency perspective); (2) descriptive research (e.g. epidemiological studies, relationships with objective organisational parameters); (3) tool development (e.g. standardisation of job stress questionnaires, benchmarking); (4) intervention research (e.g. the use of more rigorous research designs, evaluation of cost-effectiveness); (5) organisational change (e.g. more systematic accounts of change projects, more attention for implementation of projects). Finally, the necessity of a paradigm shift from a disease model towards a genuine health model is emphasised so that occupational health psychology may develop in future in a more balanced way. [source] Health psychology and distress after haematopoietic stem cell transplantationEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 1 2009V. DeMARINIS phd The purpose of this study of 23 adult haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients is to compare the presence of post-transplantation depression disorders by gender and to compare the outcomes among those with and without depressive disorders using a health psychology focus. This cross-sectional pilot study of mid-term survivors took place in hospital outpatient clinic. Main outcome measures are depression disorders, health status (Short Form-12) and health anxiety. Female survivors had a higher rate of depression disorders, but those with treated depressive disorders were similar to those without depression on health-related quality of life and health anxiety. Neither patient age nor time since HSCT was associated with depressive disorders. A health psychology approach may enhance management of HSCT survivorship. [source] Academic Study, College Examinations, and Stress: Issues in the Interpretation of Cardiovascular Reactivity Assessments With Student Participants,JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2004Brian M. Hughes Stress arising from academic performance affects many college students. Moreover, students account for the majority of participants in cardiovascular reactivity research. The current research comprised three brief experiments investigating different aspects of student samples. In Experiment 1, students' (n = 30) academic fear of failure was found to be negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure reactivity. In Experiment 2, students' (n= 13) blood pressure was found to be significantly elevated 2 weeks before college examinations, compared with postexamination levels. Finally, in Experiment 3, students' (n = 19) examination performance was positively correlated with preexamination cardiovascular reactivity. These findings suggest specific college-related factors that influence the cardiovascular stress response in students and, therefore, should aid the interpretation of much research conducted in cardiovascular health psychology. [source] The tyranny of the positive attitude in America: Observation and speculationJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 9 2002Barbara S. Held According to both popular and professional indicators, the push for the positive attitude in America is on the rise. After considering the popular culture zeitgeist, I compare and contrast two recent professional psychology movements,those of positive psychology and postmodern therapy,both of which rest on a foundation of optimism and positive thinking despite their opposing views about a proper philosophy of science. I then present cross-cultural empirical research that calls into question the typical (North American) assumption that a positive attitude is necessary for (a sense of) well-being. I also consider findings in health psychology, clinical/counseling psychology, and organizational behavioral science, findings which call into question the assumption that accentuating the positive (and eliminating the negative) is necessarily beneficial in terms of physical and mental health. The clinical/therapeutic implications of this analysis are addressed, as I put forth my conjecture about the existence of what I call the "tyranny of the positive attitude" in the form of a question: If there indeed now exists unprecedented pressure to accentuate the positive, could it then be that the pressure itself to be happy and optimistic contributes to at least some forms of unhappiness? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 965,991, 2002. [source] Multiple sclerosis: Empirical literature for the clinical health psychologistJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2001David C. Mohr This article reviews the empirical literature related to clinical health psychology in multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a disease in which the immune system attacks the central nervous system. As such, the interactions between medical and psychological variables are complex, and potentially of considerable importance to patients. Common neuropsychological and psychological problems associated with MS and their etiologies are reviewed. The effects of stress and depression on MS exacerbation are discussed, including clinical, immune, endocrine, and neuroimaging findings. The types of coping common in MS and their effects on adjustment are discussed. The empirical literature on psychological and neuropsychological intervention is reviewed. The small literature on caregiving in MS is also summarized. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 479,499, 2001 [source] Spirituality and nursing: a reductionist approachNURSING PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2008John Paley MA Abstract, The vast majority of contributions to the literature on spirituality in nursing make extravagant claims about transcendence, eternity, the numinous, higher powers, higher levels of existence, invisible forces, cosmic unity, the essence of humanity, or other supernatural concepts. Typically, these assertions are made without the support of argument or evidence; and, as a consequence, alternative ways of theorizing ,spirituality' have been closed off, while the lack of consistent scholarship has turned the topic into a metaphysical backwater. In this paper, I adopt a different premise, rejecting unsupported claims, and surveying the ,spirituality' terrain from a naturalistic and reductionist perspective. I argue that, if we rid ourselves of non-naturalistic assumptions, we will discover theoretical and clinical resources in health psychology, social psychology, neuropsychology, and pharmacopsychology , resources which confirm that it is possible to conceptualize the study of existential concerns, and how health professionals might respond to them, in a properly scientific manner. In order to illustrate the potential usefulness of these resources, I will take palliative care as an example. [source] Personality Science, Self-Regulation, and Health BehaviorAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2006José Bermúdez In their paper, Cervone, Shadel, Smith, and Fiori (2006) present a thorough analysis of self-regulatory behavior, understood as the most genuine expression of the agentic and purposive nature of human beings. Therefore, we can expect that research on personality could shed light on our understanding of self-regulatory processes and behavioral expressions. With this aim, Cervone et al. have carried out an updated analysis of personality psychology theory and research, resuming the debate between variable and person-centered approaches, and commenting on the contributions the Knowledge-and-Appraisal Personality Architecture (KAPA) can make to the design of idiosyncratic tools and strategies for personality assessment and to the understanding of the role of the personality system in different contexts of applied psychology, such as health, clinical and industrial/organisational psychology. Here, I would like to examine two topics, to which Cervone et al. pay substantial attention in their paper: self-regulation and personality dynamics, and the role of personality science in addressing central questions in health psychology. [source] The Future of Occupational Health PsychologyAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2004Wilmar B. Schaufeli A partir de la prise en considération de la nature changeante du travail, on a identifié trois thèmes prospectifs pour la psychologie de la santé au travail: 1) l'examen des caractéristiques des lieux de travail; 2) la recherche sur les effets des pratiques organisationnelles; 3) la recherche-action. On recense aussi cinq catégories de recherches dans la psychologie de la santé au travail, chacune pouvant contribuer à sa façon aux développements futurs du domaine: 1) la recherche explicative (le développement conceptuel de modèles de stress au travail, le développement d'une perspective d'action personnelle); 2) la recherche descriptive (des études épidémiologiques, les relations avec les paramètres organisationnels objectifs); 3) le développement des outils (la standardisation des questionnaires de stress au travail, l'évaluation des performances); 4) la recherche-action (l'utilisation de programmes de recherche plus rigoureux, l'évaluation coût-efficacité); 5) le changement organisationnel (des comptes rendus plus systématiques des projets de changement, une plus grande attention portée à la mise en oeuvre des projets). Finalement, pour que la psychologie de la santé au travail puisse se développer à l'avenir d'une façon plus équilibrée, on insiste sur la nécessité d'une mutation théorique en passant d'un modèle de la maladie à un modèle de la santé authentique. Taking into account the changing nature of work, three future topics for occupational health psychology were identified: (1) surveillance of workplace characteristics; (2) research on effects of organisational practices; (3) intervention research. Furthermore, five types of research in occupational health psychology are distinguished, each of which may contribute in its own specific way to future developments in the field: (1) explanatory research (e.g. conceptual development of job stress models, development of a personal agency perspective); (2) descriptive research (e.g. epidemiological studies, relationships with objective organisational parameters); (3) tool development (e.g. standardisation of job stress questionnaires, benchmarking); (4) intervention research (e.g. the use of more rigorous research designs, evaluation of cost-effectiveness); (5) organisational change (e.g. more systematic accounts of change projects, more attention for implementation of projects). Finally, the necessity of a paradigm shift from a disease model towards a genuine health model is emphasised so that occupational health psychology may develop in future in a more balanced way. [source] Bibliometric Analyses on the Emergence and Present Growth of Positive PsychologyAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, Issue 1 2010Gabriel Schui Bibliometric results on the emergence and recent developmental trends of publications on positive psychology are presented within an outline of its precursors (i.e. humanistic psychology) and its special features in reference to humanistic psychology, health psychology, and developmental psychology. Terminological confusions (e.g. positivism in differential psychology vs. in epistemology; positive psychology) in psychological databases are described and resolved in bibliometric analyses for the time period between 2000 and 2008. The present results include findings reporting the incidence of multiple authorships, authors' national institutional affiliations, the semantic network of publications on positive psychology, selected citation rates, and methodological classifications of the literature on positive psychology. With reference to PsycINFO, analyses show that publications on positive psychology increased markedly. Yet in comparison to other psychological subdisciplines and areas, literature output remains rather low. However, results on publication types and media point at a broad-range impact of positive psychology on various applied and basic psychological subdisciplines. Together with the solid empirical foundation of positive psychology's literature, this leads to a positive prognosis for the further development of positive psychology. [source] Evaluation of a Program on Systematic Self-Monitoring and Reflection of Health Behavior in Organisations: Results of Two Randomised Controlled Studies on Well-Being and Absenteeism of Employees and Skilled WorkersAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, Issue 1 2010Günter Krampen Effects of a group health promotion program on well-being and absenteeism of employees and skilled workers were tested. The objectives of the program are systematic self-monitoring and reflection on everyday life health behavior as well as the promotion of health- and development-related cognitions and well-being. Randomised group designs were employed to evaluate the program's effects on well-being, psychosomatic complaints, personal regulation of own development, and absenteeism. Program effects were confirmed with reference to these outcome measures administered at the end of the 8-week treatment and at 2-month follow-up in samples of 56 public employees (Study 1) and 39 skilled workers (Study 2). Results demonstrate the effectiveness and usability of the SySeRe program as an economical individual-level health promotion intervention in occupational health psychology with large effect sizes in psychometric measures of well-being and in the reduction of employee sick leave as well. [source] Handbook of health psychology and agingAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, Issue 4 2009Judy Tang No abstract is available for this article. [source] Stress and help-seeking for drought-stricken citrus growers in the Riverland of South AustraliaAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 3 2009Alice K. Staniford Abstract Objective:,To explore the psychological impact of a problematic industrial climate for citrus growers, their help-seeking behaviour and perspectives on ways to encourage better use of rural mental health services. Design:,Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews. Setting:,The Riverland of South Australia. Participants:,Sixteen citrus growers (12 male, 4 female) from eight Riverland towns. Main outcome measures:,Citrus growers' perceived factors relating to psychological stress, coping behaviours, impact of stress on well-being, help-seeking behaviours, barriers to help-seeking and ways to encourage better use of rural mental health services. Results:,Work-related stresses grouped under broad themes, including ,Uncontrollable events', ,Financial hardship' and ,Pressure', had negative effects on participants' well-being. Furthermore, it was found that significant difficulties arise because many of the stresses which growers endure are not controllable, and that the alleviation of strain with the help of mental health professionals is uncommon because of barriers preventing help-seeking. Five broad themes of barriers to help-seeking were extracted from the data: ,Self-reliance', ,Social image', ,Lack of knowledge', ,Negative perceptions of health professionals' efficacy' and ,Restrictive lifestyle factors'. A specialised model of occupational health for citrus growers was proposed. Conclusions:,These results highlight the practical need to address the identified issues in delivery and promotion of health services when facilitating help-seeking within this group. The findings also add to our knowledge of occupational health psychology broadly. [source] | |||||||||||||