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Health Promotion Strategies (health + promotion_strategy)
Selected AbstractsDevelopment of a community health promotion center based on the World Health Organization's Ottawa Charter health promotion strategiesJAPAN JOURNAL OF NURSING SCIENCE, Issue 2 2009Chung Yul LEE Abstract Aim:, To describe the development process of nursing school-led community health promotion centers (CHPC) to improve the health of the surrounding communities. Methods:, This study design was a research and development study. (i) Assessment of health needs by interviewing 359 people in the community to select health programs for the community health promotion center. (ii) Five health promotion strategies from the Ottawa Charter were applied to develop the community health promotion center for a city community. Results:, (i) The people in the community had higher socioeconomic status levels and better health behaviors compared to the general Korean population, and they also listed chronic health problem management as their first priority health service. (ii) Development of the community health promotion center was done based on the five World Health Organization's Ottawa Charter Health Promotion Strategies: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community actions, develop personal skills, and reorient health services. Conclusions:, The present study showed that the WHO's five Ottawa Charter Health Promotion Strategies were useful for developing health promotion centers in the community. [source] Ultrasound parameters of bone health and related physical measurement indicators for the community-dwelling elderly in JapanGERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2007Wei Sun Deteriorated bone strength, which approaches osteoporosis, increases the likelihood that an elderly person will not able to live independently. However, few data are available pertaining to bone health and various physical objective indicators. The aim of the present study was to objectively assess bone health by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and identify related physical measurement indicators among the elderly to aid the health promotion strategies in Japan. A cross-sectional study was performed at five welfare centers for the aged in the suburban area of Takatsuki city, Japan. Subjects comprised community-dwelling persons (134 men, 240 women) aged ,60 years and registered at welfare centers. QUS of the right-heel was conducted and recorded as stiffness index (SI). Physical factors including body components (fat and muscle mass), handgrip strength, daily physical activity, daily walking steps, maximum and usual walking speed and maximum bite force were examined objectively during the period May,June 2005. SI in women was lower than that in men (P < 0.01) and decreased significantly with age (P < 0.01). The SI correlated with six physical items in men and with all items in women. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that muscle mass, usual walking speed and maximum bite force were the strongest physical indicators of male SI; and muscle mass, maximum walking speed and maximum bite force were the strongest indicators of female SI. Muscle training, daily walking exercise and oral health care should be included in health promotion programs for the bone health of elderly women and men in Japan. [source] Prevalence of early childhood caries among First Nations children, District of Manitoulin, OntarioINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2004S. Peressini Summary. Background., Epidemiological studies of Aboriginal communities in Canada and Native American populations in the United States have reported that early childhood caries (ECC) is highly prevalent. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ECC and dental caries in the First Nations population of 3- and 5-year-old children in the District of Manitoulin, Ontario to assist in developing effective dental health promotion strategies. Methods., All 3- and 5-year-old children in elementary schools and day-care centres in seven First Nation communities were eligible for the survey examination. Three-year-old children at home and 5-year-old children attending school off-reserve in six of the communities were also eligible for epidemiological survey examination of oral health status including caries, gingival and soft tissue conditions. Cases of ECC were defined as children with caries or restorations on two or more primary maxillary incisors or canines or those having a total decayed, missing, filled primary teeth (dmft) score of 4 or greater. Results., A total of 87 children (59% 5 years old, 54% females) were examined. Seventy-four per cent of children had one or more carious lesions. Forty-five cases of ECC were found, a prevalence of 52%. The mean dmft score for cases was 7·5 (95% CI 6·5,8·4) and 0·8 (95% CI 0·5,1·1) for non-cases (P < 0·001). Boys in both age groups were more likely to be affected by ECC than girls. Conclusion., Our results indicate that dental caries and ECC are highly prevalent in this population, with ECC cases having 6.7 more dmft than non-cases. [source] Oral health status in relation to ethnicity of children in the Municipality of Copenhagen, DenmarkINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2003A. Sundby Summary. Approximately 25% of children under the age of 18 in the Municipality of Copenhagen have a non-Danish ethnic background, and it is suspected that there may be major inequalities in oral health as a result. Objectives. The objectives of this study were to describe the occurrence of dental caries in different ethnic minorities, and to analyse whether the dental caries experience of the children may be affected by cultural and behavioural differences. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in Copenhagen as a cross-sectional investigation of 794 children, aged 3 and 5 years old (preschool), 7 years old (Grade 1) and 15 years old (Grade 9). Children of Danish, Turkish, Pakistani, Albanian, Somali and Arabian backgrounds were selected by convenience sampling. Epidemiological data were retrieved from the Danish Recording System for the Public Dental Health Services (SCOR) and sociological data were collected by postal questionnaires. Results. Marked differences in dental caries prevalence were observed when different ethnic minorities were compared to Danish children. These were most prominent for the primary dentition. At age 7, 53% of the Danish and 84% of the Albanian children were affected by dental caries, the mean caries experience was 3·5 dmfs (decayed, missed and filled surfaces) and 13·8 dmfs, respectively. Caries in incisors and/or smooth surfaces was observed in 10% of the Danish children and 48% of the Albanian children. There were cultural differences in dental attendance and self-care practices of children and parents. These socio-behavioural factors may help to explain the differences in dental caries prevalence and severity. Conclusions. Development of appropriate oral health promotion strategies is urgently needed to improve oral health behaviour and attitudes of parents and children of ethnic minorities. Preventive programs should be organized at local community level in close collaboration with key persons of ethnic minority societies. [source] Development of a community health promotion center based on the World Health Organization's Ottawa Charter health promotion strategiesJAPAN JOURNAL OF NURSING SCIENCE, Issue 2 2009Chung Yul LEE Abstract Aim:, To describe the development process of nursing school-led community health promotion centers (CHPC) to improve the health of the surrounding communities. Methods:, This study design was a research and development study. (i) Assessment of health needs by interviewing 359 people in the community to select health programs for the community health promotion center. (ii) Five health promotion strategies from the Ottawa Charter were applied to develop the community health promotion center for a city community. Results:, (i) The people in the community had higher socioeconomic status levels and better health behaviors compared to the general Korean population, and they also listed chronic health problem management as their first priority health service. (ii) Development of the community health promotion center was done based on the five World Health Organization's Ottawa Charter Health Promotion Strategies: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community actions, develop personal skills, and reorient health services. Conclusions:, The present study showed that the WHO's five Ottawa Charter Health Promotion Strategies were useful for developing health promotion centers in the community. [source] A systematic review of trend studies of women seeking termination of pregnancyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 22 2008Wendy Abigail Aims and objectives., This article reports a systematic review of trend studies (1995,2006) which answers five questions: What are the patterns of: 1,Age of women seeking termination of pregnancy; 2,First ever pregnancy ending in a termination; 3,Contraception usage at the time of conception; 4,Contraception chosen immediately postoperatively; and 5,Referral sources to termination of pregnancy services. Background., Fertility patterns are changing and there is evidence to indicate that the numbers of older women conceiving for the first time are increasing. At the same time, there are new methods of contraception widely available. Little is known about the implications of these changes on termination patterns. Design., An extensive electronic search of databases such as CINAHL, MEDLINE® In-Process (OVID) and was conducted from January 1995,June 2006 for trend studies in pregnancy terminations. Methods., Articles chosen were based on trend studies greater than five years, contained primary quantitative research and official government statistical reports. Results., Results of the search showed age that was unable to be compared because of the many variations in measurements and time periods, and there was only limited research worldwide of trends in contraception at the time of conception in relation to a termination of pregnancy. Additionally, there were no studies worldwide in the past 11 years, which specifically examined trends in the characteristics of the number of first-ever pregnancies which ended in a termination, contraception choices postoperative to a termination of pregnancy, or referral source to a termination of pregnancy provider. Conclusion., Little is reported in the literature on trends in the five characteristics related to pregnancy termination. Relevance to clinical practice., Evidence about the changing patterns of women seeking pregnancy termination is needed to inform policy and practice, and to ensure that health promotion strategies are underpinned by accurate information that reflects the needs of the populations of women in relation to their reproductive health. [source] Medication-related problems commonly occurring in an Australian community setting,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 2 2004E. E. Roughead PhD Abstract Purpose This study characterised medication-related problems in 1000 Australian patients living in the community, and who were considered at risk of medication misadventure. Methods A review was undertaken of 1000 clinical case notes, developed during the delivery of medication management reviews. Patient demographics, medications used, medical conditions and medication-related problems were categorised according to established classification systems. Descriptive analyses were undertaken. Results Overall, 2222 problems were identified. Ninety per cent of patients had at least one medication-related problem. One in three people were found to require additional monitoring, one in four required additional medication, one in four were using the wrong or inappropriate medication and one in five were using insufficient medication. Cardiovascular, nervous system, alimentary and respiratory medicines were most commonly implicated, accounting for 69% of the medication-related problems. Conclusion This analysis reveals the need for ongoing vigilance of, and support for, people at high risk of medication misadventure. This information is also useful for informing the design of public health or health promotion strategies aiming to reduce the prevalence of these problems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Alcohol use and abuse in adolescence: proposal of an alternative analysisCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2008C. Simões Abstract Background A national, representative, school-based sample of Portuguese youths was used to examine the prevalence of alcohol use in this population and to analyse differences between demographic variables such as gender and age, as well as to propose a statistical procedure that optimally quantifies categorical variables. Methods Data on 6109 state school students from Portugal, in the 6th, 8th and 10th grades, aged 11,18, who participated in the 2002 (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children/WHO) survey of adolescent health, were analysed. Adolescents aged between 11 and 14 were placed in the younger group, and those 15,18 years old were placed in the older group. Optimal scaling was used to optimize the computation of factor scores, which were subsequently submitted to multiple regression analysis in order to analyse the impact of gender and age on alcohol use. Results The results of this study show that the majority of Portuguese school-aged adolescents attending regular school at 6th, 8th and 10th grades do not drink alcoholic beverages (beer, wine or spirits) on a regular basis (at least once a month). However, about 8% of these adolescents do drink beer, 3% do drink wine and 12% do drink spirits on a regular basis. With regard to age and gender, about a quarter of the older boys stated that they drink beer or spirits regularly. The multiple regression analysis showed that age and gender had a significant impact on alcohol use. Conclusion Alcohol , in particular spirits , is a substance used by some Portuguese adolescents. Alcohol use and abuse is more frequent in boys and increases with age. The importance of these findings for health promotion strategies is discussed. [source] | ||||||||||