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Kinds of Head Terms modified by Head Selected AbstractsGenerate and Repair Machine TranslationCOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 3 2002Kanlaya Naruedomkul We propose Generate and Repair Machine Translation (GRMT), a constraint,based approach to machine translation that focuses on accurate translation output. GRMT performs the translation by generating a Translation Candidate (TC), verifying the syntax and semantics of the TC and repairing the TC when required. GRMT comprises three modules: Analysis Lite Machine Translation (ALMT), Translation Candidate Evaluation (TCE) and Repair and Iterate (RI). The key features of GRMT are simplicity, modularity, extendibility, and multilinguality. An English,Thai translation system has been implemented to illustrate the performance of GRMT. The system has been developed and run under SWI,Prolog 3.2.8. The English and Thai grammars have been developed based on Head,Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) and implemented on the Attribute Logic Engine (ALE). GRMT was tested to generate the translations for a number of sentences/phrases. Examples are provided throughout the article to illustrate how GRMT performs the translation process. [source] Treatment of Acute Stroke with Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator and AbciximabACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 12 2003Daniel C. Morris MD Objectives: Preclinical data suggest that treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with the combination of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and abciximab may increase efficacy and decrease the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). The authors report pilot data of five AIS patients with half-dose rt-PA and abciximab as part of an ongoing phase I safety trial with sICH as the primary outcome. Methods: Five patients with AIS were treated with the combination of half-dose rt-PA (0.45 mg/kg) and abciximab (0.25 mg/kg bolus followed by a 0.125 ,g/kg/min infusion over 12 hours). Head computed tomographic scan was obtained after 24 hours of treatment onset. Results: Four patients received the combination of half-dose abciximab and rt-PA without major complications. One patient experienced a parenchymal hematoma type-1 ICH without significant decline of his neurological status. The average National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale change at discharge in comparison with pretreatment was ,5.4 ± 7.0, and the median change was 6 points with a range of 4 points (worsening) to ,13 points (improvement) (p = 0.07) based on a one-sided t-test. Conclusions: Administration of rt-PA and abciximab to AIS patients was completed without difficulty. No sICH were observed; however, 20% (1 out of 5) experienced an asymptomatic ICH. Based on our observation of five patients, there was a trend of treatment efficacy; however, these results need to be confirmed in a larger-scale placebo-controlled clinical trial. [source] Cellular and molecular basis of cadmium-induced deformities in zebrafish embryosENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 12 2000Shuk Han Cheng Abstract Cadmium is known to cause developmental defects in a varietyof vertebrate species, but relatively little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we used zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model system to investigate cadmium-induced toxicities. Fertilized embryos collected at 5-h after fertilization were incubated for 18 h in culture media containing 1 to 1, 000 ,M CdCl2. The median embryolethal concentration (LC50) was 168 ,M, whereas the median effect concentration (EC50) for total adverse effect (mortality and developmental defects) was 138 ,M. Six major types of deformities were observed: head and eye hypoplasia, hypopigmentation, cardiac edema, yolk sac abnormalities, altered axial curvature, and tail malformations. The frequency of malformations increased with cadmium concentration. Somites of embryos with altered axial curvature were investigated using the antimyosin antibody MF-20. This study demonstrated, to our knowledge for the first time, reduced myotome formation in cadmium-induced spinal deformity. Embryos with head and eye hypoplasia were studied using the anti-neural tissue antibody zns-2, and a poorly developed central nervous system was revealed. Head and eye hypoplasia were associated with lack of expression of the sonic hedgehog gene, which controls the patterning of the neural tube and somites. Genes involved in tail formations, such as evenskipped 1 and no tail, were ectopically expressed in embryos with tail malformations. Our data support the hypothesis that fish embryonic malformations induced by cadmium might be mediated through ectopic expression of developmental regulatory genes. [source] Localized ductile thrusting north of the Variscan Front, Ross Island, southwest IrelandGEOLOGICAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2003Paul A. M. Nex Abstract Two thrusts occur on Ross Island: the Head of Ross Thrust and the more southerly Ross Island Thrust. These lie to the north of the Killarney,Mallow Fault (KMF), the boundary frequently interpreted as the Variscan Front. The Ross Island Thrust, exposed in outcrop and in seven borehole cores, has emplaced dark blue,grey limestones of the Courceyan Ballysteen Formation over pale grey,brown Rockfield Limestone Formation of Chadian,Holkerian age. These lithologies at Ross Island exhibit a continuum of deformation at both the micro- and macro-scale, beginning with the generation of a spaced cleavage, formed during layer parallel shortening, that was subsequently rotated into parallelism with fold axial planes. Extensional microstructures are predominant in thin section and are associated with attenuation of the fold limb. Calcite veins are also attenuated and lie parallel to a mylonitic fabric close to the thrust plane. Lithological boundaries, the prominent pressure solution cleavage and the southerly dipping limb of an asymmetrical antiform are all parallel and form a composite planar anisotropy. This has controlled the location of the ductile Ross Island Thrust, which formed during the attenuation and shearing of a common fold limb. Ductile thrusts within the limestones at Ross Island contrast with the reactivation of basin-margin extensional faults further to the south along the major KMF. The Ross Island Thrust is considered to result from deformation ahead of the major northerly propagating Variscan décollement thrust and does not necessitate a continuous décollement structure north of the KMF. Mineralization at Ross Island exhibits remobilization associated with the formation of a pressure-solution cleavage and probably pre-dates thrusting. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Capturing the power of academic medicine to enhance health and health care of the elderly in the USAGERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2004William R Hazzard As in Japan, the US population is aging progressively, a trend that will challenge the health-care system to provide for the chronic, multiple and complex needs of its elderly citizens. and as in Japan, the US academic health enterprise has only belatedly mounted a response to that challenge. Herein is reviewed a quarter of a century of the author's personal experience in developing new programs in gerontology and geriatric medicine from a base in the Department of Internal Medicine at three US academic health centers (AHC): The University of Washington (as Division Head), Johns Hopkins University (as Vice-Chair), and Wake Forest University (as Chair). Rather than to build a program from a new department of geriatrics, this strategy was chosen to capture the power and resources of the department of internal medicine, the largest university department, to ,gerontologize' the institution, beginning with general internal medicine and all of the medical subspecialties (the approach also chosen to date at all but a handful of US AHC). The keystone of success at each institution has been careful faculty development through fellowship training in clinical geriatrics, education and research. Over the same interval major national progress has occurred, including expanded research and training at the National Institute on Aging and the Department of Veterans Affairs, and accreditation of more than 100 fellowship programs for training and certification of geriatricians. However, less than 1% of US medical graduates elect to pursue such training. Hence such geriatricians will remain concentrated at AHC, and most future geriatric care in the USA will be provided by a broad array of specialists, who will be educated and trained in geriatrics by these academic geriatricians. [source] Uniform Head in Horizontal and Vertical WellsGROUND WATER, Issue 1 2006David R. Steward The steady-state head within a fully penetrating well may be estimated by evaluating the Thiem equation at the radius of the well. A method is presented here to extend results from the Thiem equation to horizontal wells and to partially penetrating wells. The particular model used in this investigation is based upon the analytic element method; it accurately reproduces a boundary condition of uniform head along the cylindrical surface at the perforated face of the well. This model is exercised over a representative range of parameters including the well's length, radius, and pumping rate, and the aquifer's hydraulic conductivity and thickness. Results are presented in a set of figures and tables that compare the well's drawdown to the drawdown that would have been obtained using the Thiem solution with the same pumping rate and radius. A methodology is presented to estimate the head within a horizontal or partially penetrating well by adding a correction term to results that can be readily obtained from computer models of vertical fully penetrating wells. This approach may also be used to contrast the differences in head between horizontal and vertical wells of various lengths, radii, and placement elevations. [source] Steady Flow into a Tunnel with a Constant Pressure HeadGROUND WATER, Issue 5 2000ShiZhong Lei No abstract is available for this article. [source] Head & Neck expands global reachHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 1 2008Ehab Y. Hanna MD Editor No abstract is available for this article. [source] Differential associations of Head and Body Symptoms with depression and physical comorbidity in patients with cognitive impairmentINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 3 2004Roberta Riello Abstract Objective To test the hypothesis that physical symptoms referred to the head might be specifically associated with depression in patients with cognitive impairment. Methods Subjects were taken from those enrolled in ,The Mild Project' a prospective study on the natural history of mild dementia (Mini Mental State Examination,,,18) and with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. A total of 129 subjects were included in the study. Physical symptoms were assessed with a checklist investigating nine different body organs or apparati. Physical symptoms were grouped into those referred to the head (Head Symptoms: ear and hearing; eyes and sight; and head and face) and all the others (Body Symptoms). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and physical comorbidity with Greenfield's Index of Disease Severity (IDS). Results The number of patients reporting one or more Head Symptoms linearly increased with increasing depression severity (Mantel-Haenszel test,=,6.497, df,=,1, p,=,0.011), while the number of patients reporting one or more Body Symptoms linearly increased with increasing physical comorbidity (Mantel-Haenszel test,=,4.726, df,=,1, p,=,0.030). These associations were confirmed in multivariate logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounders (age, gender, education, cognitive performance, daily function, and diagnosis). Conclusions Head Symptoms are specifically associated with depression while Body Symptoms with physical comorbidity, in patients with cognitive impairment. Recognizing these associations in individual patients may help clinicians decide whether to initiate or continue antidepressant therapy or whether to carry out physical instrumental investigations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Spatial and Temporal Ontogenies of Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione Disulfide Reductase During Development of the Prenatal RatJOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Hyungsuk Choe Abstract Spatial and temporal expression and regulation of the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione disulfide reductase (GSSG-Rd) may be important in determining cell-specific susceptibility to embryotoxicants. Creation of tissue-specific ontogenies for antioxidant enzyme activities during development is an important first step in understanding regulatory relationships. Early organogenesis-stage embryos were grouped according to the somite number (GD 9,13), and fetuses were evaluated by gestational day (GD 14,21). GSH-Px activities in the visceral yolk sac (VYS) increased on consecutive days from GD 9 to GD 13, representing a 5.7-fold increase during this period of development. GSH-Px activities in VYS decreased after GD 13, ultimately constituting a 37% decrease at GD 21. Head, heart, and trunk specific activities generally increased from GD 9 to GD 13 albeit not to the same magnitude as detected in the VYS. GSSG-Rd activities showed substantial increases in the VYS from GD 9 to GD 13, 6.3-fold and decreased thereafter to 50% by GD 21. The greatest changes in enzyme activities were noted in the period between GD 10 and GD 11, where the embryo establishes an active cardiovascular system and begins to convert to aerobic metabolism. Generally, from GD 14,21, embryonic organ GSH-Px and GSSG-Rd activities either remained constant or increased as gestation progressed. These studies suggest the importance of the VYS in dealing with ROS and protecting the embryo. Furthermore, understanding the consequences of lower antioxidant activities during organogenesis may help to pinpoint periods of teratogenic susceptibility to xenobiotics and increased oxygen. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:197,206, 2001 [source] Retention, Distribution, and Effects of Intraosseously Administered Ibandronate in the Infarcted Femoral Head,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2007James Aya-ay Abstract The local distribution, retention, and effects of intraosseous administration of ibandronate in the infarcted femoral heads were studied. Intraosseous administration effectively delivered and distributed ibandronate in the infarcted femoral heads and decreased the femoral head deformity in a large animal model of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Introduction: Bisphosphonate therapy has gained significant attention for the treatment of ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (IOFH) because of its ability to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, which has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of femoral head deformity. Because IOFH is a localized condition, there is a need to explore the therapeutic potential of local, intraosseous administration of bisphosphonate to prevent the femoral head deformity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution, retention, and effects of intraosseous administration of ibandronate in the infarcted head. Materials and Methods: IOFH was surgically induced in the right femoral head of 27 piglets. One week later, a second operation was performed to inject 14C-labeled or unlabeled ibandronate directly into the infarcted head. 14C-ibandronate injected heads were assessed after 48 h, 3 weeks, or 7 weeks later to determine the distribution and retention of the drug using autoradiography and liquid scintillation analysis. Femoral heads injected with unlabeled ibandronate were assessed at 7 weeks to determine the degree of deformity using radiography and histomorphometry. Results: Autoradiography showed that 14C-Ibandronate was widely distributed in three of the four heads examined at 48 h after the injection. Liquid scintillation analysis showed that most of the drug was retained in the injected head, and almost negligible amount of radioactivity was present in the bone and organs elsewhere at 48 h. At 3 and 7 weeks, 50% and 30% of the 14C-drug were found to be retained in the infarcted heads, respectively. Radiographic and histomorphometric assessments showed significantly better preservation of the infarcted heads treated with intraosseous administration of ibandronate compared with saline (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study provides for the first time the evidence that local intraosseous administration is an effective route to deliver and distribute ibandronate in the infarcted femoral head to preserve the femoral head structure after ischemic osteonecrosis. In a localized ischemic condition such as IOFH, local administration of bisphosphonate may be preferable to oral or systemic administration because it minimizes the distribution of the drug to the rest of the skeleton and bypasses the need for having a restored blood flow to the infarcted head for the delivery of the drug. [source] Head and abdominal melatonin of summer and winter beesJOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002Article first published online: 30 APR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Head start: Mend it, don't expand it (yet)JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2007Douglas J. Besharov [source] Oral health status of New Hampshire Head Start children, 2007-2008JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2010Ludmila Anderson MD Abstract Objectives: We report on the baseline prevalence and severity of dental caries of children enrolled in the New Hampshire Head Start program during the 2007-2008 school year. Methods: We selected a random cluster sample of 607 children aged 3-5 years attending 27 Head Start centers across the state. Four volunteer dentists provided oral examinations and determined the presence of untreated dental caries, caries experience, and treatment urgency. Results: Overall, 40 percent of the participating children had experienced dental caries, and 31 percent had at least one untreated decayed tooth. Approximately 22 percent of the children had evidence of maxillary anterior caries, 23 percent were in need of dental care, and <1 percent needed urgent care. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries is comparable with that reported by Head Start programs elsewhere. The prevalence of caries affecting maxillary anterior teeth is higher. Further studies should examine state-specific barriers to dental care among this population. [source] The geomorphological impact of Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stadial plateau icefields in the central Lake District, northwest EnglandJOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE, Issue 6 2001Derek A. McDougall Abstract Detailed geomorphological mapping has revealed evidence for the development of plateau icefields in the central fells of the English Lake District during the Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stadial (ca. 12.9,11.5 ka). The largest plateau icefield system, which covered an area of approximately 55 km2 (including outlet glaciers), was centred on High Raise. To the west, smaller plateau icefields developed on Grey Knotts/Brandreth and Dale Head, covering areas of 7 km2 and 3 km2 respectively. The geomorphological impact of these plateau icefields appears to have been minimal on the summits, where the survival of blockfields and other frost-weathered debris (mostly peat-covered) implies the existence of at least patches of protective, cold-based ice. Ice-moulded bedrock at some plateau edges, however, documents a transition to wet-based, erosive conditions. Prominent moraine systems were produced by outlet glaciers, which descended into the surrounding valleys where their margins became sediment traps for supraglacial debris and inwash. In some valleys, ice-marginal moraines record successive positions of outlet glaciers, which actively backwasted towards their plateau source. This interpretation differs from that of previous workers, who assumed an alpine style of glaciation, with reconstructed glaciers emanating from corries and valley heads. It is likely that plateau icefields were more common at this time in upland Britain than hitherto has been appreciated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The interpreter as institutional gatekeeper: The social-linguistic role of interpreters in Spanish-English medical discourseJOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 3 2000Brad Davidson Increases in immigration have led to an enormous growth in the number of cross-linguistic medical encounters taking place throughout the United States. In this article the role of hospital-based interpreters in cross-linguistic, internal medicine ,medical interviews' is examined. The interpreter's actions are analyzed against the historical and institutional context within which she is working, and also with an eye to the institutional goals that frame the patient-physician discourse. Interpreters are found not to be acting as ,neutral' machines of semantic conversion, but are rather shown to be active participants in the process of diagnosis. Since this process hinges on the evaluation of social and medical relevance of patient contributions to the discourse, the interpreter can be seen as an additional institutional gatekeeper for the recent immigrants for whom she is interpreting. Cross-linguistic medical interviews may also be viewed as a form of cross-cultural interaction; in this light, the larger political ramifications of the interpreters' actions are explored. ,Interpreters are the most powerful people in a medical conversation.' Head of Interpreting Services at a major private U.S. hospital, May 1999. [source] Seasonal and Long-Term Variations in Hydraulic Head in a Karstic Aquifer: Roswell Artesian Basin, New Mexico,JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 1 2008Lewis Land Abstract: Water levels in the karstic San Andres limestone aquifer of the Roswell Artesian Basin, New Mexico, display significant variations on a variety of time scales. Large seasonal fluctuations in hydraulic head are directly related to the irrigation cycle in the Artesian Basin, lower in summer months and higher in winter when less irrigation occurs. Longer-term variations are the result of both human and climatic factors. Since the inception of irrigated farming more than a century ago, over-appropriation of water resources has caused water levels in the artesian aquifer to fall by as much as 70 m. The general decline in hydraulic head began to reverse in the mid-1980s due to a variety of conservation measures, combined with a period of elevated rainfall toward the end of the 20th Century. [source] Shrubs as ecosystem engineers in a coastal dune: influences on plant populations, communities and ecosystemsJOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE, Issue 5 2010J. Hall Cushman Abstract Question: How do two shrubs with contrasting life-history characteristics influence abundance of dominant plant taxa, species richness and aboveground biomass of grasses and forbs, litter accumulation, nitrogen pools and mineralization rates? How are these shrubs , and thus their effects on populations, communities and ecosystems , distributed spatially across the landscape? Location: Coastal hind-dune system, Bodega Head, northern California. Methods: In each of 4 years, we compared vegetation, leaf litter and soil nitrogen under canopies of two native shrubs ,Ericameria ericoides and the nitrogen-fixing Lupinus chamissonis, with those in adjacent open dunes. Results: At the population level, density and cover of the native forb Claytonia perfoliata and the exotic grass Bromus diandrus were higher under shrubs than in shrub-free areas, whereas they were lower under shrubs for the exotic grass Vulpia bromoides. In contrast, cover of three native moss species was highest under Ericameria and equally low under Lupinus and shrub-free areas. At community level, species richness and aboveground biomass of herbaceous dicots was lower beneath shrubs, whereas no pattern emerged for grasses. At ecosystem level, areas beneath shrubs accumulated more leaf litter and had larger pools of soil ammonium and nitrate. Rates of nitrate mineralization were higher under Lupinus, followed by Ericameria and then open dune. At landscape level, the two shrubs , and their distinctive vegetation and soils , frequently had uniform spatial distributions, and the distance separating neighbouring shrubs increased as their combined sizes increased. Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that both shrubs serve as ecosystem engineers in this coastal dune, having influences at multiple levels of biological organization. Our data also suggest that intraspecific competition influenced the spatial distributions of these shrubs and thus altered the distribution of their effects throughout the landscape. [source] Anatomy of a failed knowledge management initiative: lessons from PharmaCorp's experiencesKNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 1 2002Ashley Braganza On a sunny morning in July 1999, Samuel Parsons, Head of Knowledge Management at PharmaCorp, convened his regular Monday team meeting. He looked stressed. After dealing with a couple of administrative issues he said: ,Last Friday evening I was informed that Wilco Smith, Head of Pharma Global Order Handling Services, no longer wants knowledge management. His only question now is how to off-board the knowledge management staff.' Thus came to an end a three-year initiative that at the outset was considered to be ,the knowledge management showcase for the firm'. This paper is for managers who have an interest in operationalizing knowledge and want to avoid the traps others have fallen into. It examines the case of PharmaCorp, a global organization and one of the largest in its industry. The case provides managers with five key lessons. First, manage knowledge interdependencies across communities of practice; second, contextualize knowledge within natural groups of activities; third, avoid an over-emphasis on explicit knowledge; fourth, let knowledge management recipients determine tacit and explicit knowledge; and fifth, manage the input from external consultants. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Head,tail Galaxies: beacons of high-density regions in clustersMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 3 2009Minnie Y. Mao ABSTRACT Using radio data at 1.4 GHz from the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we identify five head,tail (HT) galaxies in the central region of the Horologium,Reticulum Supercluster (HRS). Physical parameters of the HT galaxies were determined along with substructure in the HRS to probe the relationship between environment and radio properties. Using a density enhancement technique applied to 582 spectroscopic measurements in the 2°× 2° region about A3125/A3128, we find all five HT galaxies reside in regions of extremely high density (>100 galaxies Mpc,3). In fact, the environments surrounding HT galaxies are statistically denser than those environments surrounding non-HT galaxies and among the densest environments in a cluster. Additionally, the HT galaxies are found in regions of enhanced X-ray emission and we show that the enhanced density continues out to substructure groups of 10 members. We propose that it is the high densities that allow ram pressure to bend the HT galaxies as opposed to previously proposed mechanisms relying on exceptionally high peculiar velocities. [source] Keep Your Head to the Sky: Interpreting African American Home GroundAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2000Evelyn Newman Phillips Keep Your Head to the Sky: Interpreting African American Home Ground. Grey Gundaker. ed., with the assistance of Tynes Cowan. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1998. 344 pp. [source] Ordination to the Priesthood:,That the one who acts in the person of Christ the Head must needs be male but need not be a Jew'NEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 975 2002Simon Francis Gaine OP First page of article [source] The Henry George Theorem and the Entrepreneurial Process: Turning Henry George on his HeadAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Laurence S. Moss This chapter offers an interpretation of the Henry George Theorem (HGT) that brings it squarely into the study and analysis of entrepreneurship somewhat loosening its ties to the subfield of urban economics. I draw on the pioneering work of Spencer Heath whose insights about the viability of proprietary communities were developed further by his grandson, Spencer Heath MacCallum who, in 1970, recognized that private real estate developers sometimes make their capital gains (mostly) by creating useful public spaces that others enjoy. I also draw inspiration from Fred Foldvary's effort in 1994 to synthesize the pubic goods problem in economics with the Henry George Theorem in urban economics. While the real estate owner,developer does emerge on my pages in a somewhat more favourable light than as originally portrayed by Henry George in his Progress and Poverty in 1879, I offer a realistic appraisal of the duplicitous behaviours required of such entrepreneurs. in the context of the modern regulatory state. Real estate development remains a ,hot button' item in local politics, and real estate developers must become genuine ,political entrepreneurs' if they are to complete their projects in a timely way and capture business profits. It is a complicated story that the HGT helps make intelligible in terms of human action. [source] Book review: A Hole in the Head: More Tales in the History of NeuroscienceAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010David A. Steinberg No abstract is available for this article. [source] Warfarin vs aspirin: assessing the riskPRESCRIBER, Issue 2 2008Article first published online: 11 FEB 200 Dr Stephen Head describes the difficulties that can arise when assessing the risks and benefits of prescribing warfarin or aspirin for the prevention of stroke in AF Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd [source] Harnessing the Hallowed Hollows of the Head: The Mysterious World of the Paranasal SinusesTHE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 11 2008Jeffrey T. Laitman Associate Editor, The Anatomical Record First page of article [source] Contribution of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography to Nonoperative Management of Segmental Ischemia of the Head of a Pancreas GraftAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2009U. Boggi A 32-year-old recipient of a pancreas transplant (PTx) alone was diagnosed with segmental graft ischemia, involving the head of the pancreas graft (HPG), based on color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) and computed tomography (CT) angiography. For investigational purposes, graft supply was further checked by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEU). Surprisingly, CEU showed collateral blood supply to the HPG starting from 40 s after contrast injection and resulting in homogenous parenchymography at 90 s. Full-dose heparin infusion, followed by long-term oral anticoagulation, allowed graft salvage without reoperation. At the longest follow-up of 18 months, the patient is insulin independent. This case report shows that CEU may be employed in PTx recipients suspected to harbor vascular complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the use of CEU in PTx and the first description of graft salvage, without partial pancreatectomy after CDU and CT diagnosis of segmental graft ischemia. [source] CT and Cross-sectional Anatomy of the Normal Head of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 2005A. Arencibia The objective of this study is to describe the CT anatomy of the normal loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) head using three loggerhead sea turtle heads. CT imaging was performed using the following parameters: K.v.: 120 mAs: 220, and a soft-tissue window (WW 1880, WL 465): Transverse and sagittal CT images were obtained. Detailed anatomy of the head was acquired with the sagittal and transverse series. The heads were frozen and then sectioned using an electric saw, to compare them with the CT images. In CT, the grey scale is directly related to the radiation attenuation of the head structures. The skull and hyoid bones, and the lower jaw were easily identifiable due to the high CT density image compared to adjacent or surrounding structures such as the respiratory system, oral cavity, oesophagus and cranial cavity that appeared as a low opacity. The nervous structures, salt gland, eyeball, ramphoteca structure and different muscles of the head had an intermediate CT density and appeared grey. CT images of the loggerhead sea turtle head provided excellent detail of clinically relevant anatomy and correlated well with corresponding gross specimens. CT of the head has considerable advantages over other techniques: CT provides excellent spatial resolution and good discrimination between bone and soft tissue, and the structures are viewed without superimposition. The planimetric or sectional anatomy of the head allows a correct morphologic and topographic evaluation of the anatomic structures, which is a useful tool for the identification of the CT images. With developing technology, CT imaging may soon become more readily available for exotic animals imaging. In the same way, we consider it quite useful to be able to establish some references on head, in order to scan only selected parts during a clinical or experimental approach. The information presented in this communication should serve as an initial reference to evaluate CT images of the loggerhead sea turtle head and to assist interpretation of lesions of this region. [source] Association of a Polymorphism in the Intron 7 of the SREBF1 Gene with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in KoreansANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 1 2009H.-J. Lee Summary Reduction or disruption of the blood supply to the bone is involved in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). An altered lipid metabolism is one of the major risk factors for ONFH. Sterol regulatory element binding protein, SREBF1 activates genes regulating lipid biosynthesis. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the polymorphisms of the SREBF1 gene and ONFH susceptibility in the Korean population. The SREBF1 gene in 24 unrelated Korean individuals was sequenced and two polymorphisms were detected. Two variants, IVS6 , 48 C > T and IVS7 + 117 A > G, were genotyped in 423 ONFH patients and 348 controls. The genotype frequency of IVS7 + 117 A > G in ONFH patients was significantly different from that of the control group with P value < 0.0001 (Adjusted OR; 6.88, 95% CI; 3.74-12.67). Moreover, the IVS7 + 117 A > G genotype showed an association with men, and further analysis stratified by etiological factors indicated that the genotype data was significantly associated with a high risk for patients with alcohol-induced ONFH (P < 0.0001). We found that the IVS7 + 117 A > G polymorphism of the SREBF1 gene is associated with an increased risk of ONFH in the Korean population. [source] Historical perspective: Neurological advances from studies of war injuries and illnesses,ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 4 2009Douglas J. Lanska MD Early in the 20th century during the Russo-Japanese War and World War I (WWI), some of the most important, lasting contributions to clinical neurology were descriptive clinical studies, especially those concerning war-related peripheral nerve disorders (eg, Hoffmann-Tinel sign, Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome [GBS]) and occipital bullet wounds (eg, the retinal projection on the cortex by Inouye and later by Holmes and Lister, and the functional partitioning of visual processes in the occipital cortex by Riddoch), but there were also other important descriptive studies concerning war-related aphasia, cerebellar injuries, and spinal cord injuries (eg, cerebellar injuries by Holmes, and autonomic dysreflexia by Head and Riddoch). Later progress, during and shortly after World War II (WWII), included major progress in understanding the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injuries by Denny-Brown, Russell, and Holbourn, pioneering accident injury studies by Cairns and Holbourn, promulgation of helmets to prevent motorcycle injuries by Cairns, development of comprehensive multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation by Rusk, and development of spinal cord injury care by Munro, Guttman, and Bors. These studies and developments were possible only because of the large number of cases that allowed individual physicians the opportunity to collect, collate, and synthesize observations of numerous cases in a short span of time. Such studies also required dedicated, disciplined, and knowledgeable investigators who made the most out of their opportunities to systematically assess large numbers of seriously ill and injured soldiers under stressful and often overtly dangerous situations. Ann Neurol 2009;66:444,459 [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||