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Herbal Products (herbal + products)
Selected AbstractsThe in vitro Inhibitory Potential of Trade Herbal Products on Human CYP2D6-Mediated Metabolism and the Influence of EthanolBASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Bent H. Hellum Herbal components were extracted from commercially available products in a way that ensured the same composition of constituents in the extract as in the original trade products. c-DNA baculovirus expressed CYP2D6 was used with dextromethorphan as substrate. Quinidine was included as a positive control inhibitor. A validated high performance liquid chromatography methodology was used to quantify the formation of dextrorphan (product of dextromethorphan O-demethylation). Ethanol showed a biphasic effect on CYP2D6 metabolism, increasing initially the CYP2D6 activity with 175% of control up to a concentration of 1.1%, where after ethanol linearly inhibited the CYP2D6 activity. All the investigated herbs inhibited CYP2D6 activity to some extent, but only St. John's wort, common sage and common valerian were considered possible candidates for in vivo clinically significant effects. They showed IC50 values of 0.07 ± 7 × 10,3 mg/ml, 0.8 ± 0.05 mg/ml and 1.6 ± 0.2 mg/ml, respectively. St. John's wort inhibited CYP2D6-mediated metabolism in an uncompetitive manner, while common valerian and common sage in a non-competitive manner demonstrated interherb differences in inhibition patterns and differences when compared to the more homogenous competitive inhibitor quinidine. Common valerian was the only herb that showed a mechanistic inhibition of CYP2D6 activity and attention should be paid to a possible toxicity of this herb. [source] Cosmeceuticals Containing Herbs: Fact, Fiction, and FutureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2005Carl Thornfeldt MD Background. Modern medicine is rooted in ethnobotanical traditions using indigenous flora to treat symptoms of human diseases or to improve specific aspects of the body condition. Herbal medicine is now used by over half of the American population. Yet the American medical community generally lacks knowledge of the function, metabolism, interaction, adverse reactions, and preparation of herbal products. Objective. Because over 60 botanicals are marketed in cosmeceutical formulations, dermatologists need to obtain working knowledge of the major botanicals. The preparation, traditional uses, mechanisms of action, human clinical data, adverse reactions, and interactions all impact herbal efficacy and are discussed below. Method. English-language medical journal and symposium searches. Results. The most important botanicals pertaining to dermatologic uses, such as cosmeceuticals, include teas, soy, pomegranate, date, grape seed, Pycnogenol, horse chestnut, German chamomile, curcumin, comfrey, allantoin, and aloe. All are documented to treat dermatologic conditions. Only green and black tea, soy, pomegranate, and date have published clinical trials for the treatment of parameters of extrinsic aging. Conclusions. Preparation of botanical-based cosmeceuticals is complex. Very few of these products are supported by evidence-based science. CARL THORNFELDT, MD, FAAD, HAS INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT INTEREST WITH COMMERCIAL SUPPORTERS. [source] The Impact of Herbal Medicines on Dermatologic SurgeryDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 8 2001Lawrence K. Chang MD Background. In recent years herbal medicines and supplements have become increasingly popular. With their increased popularity, more publications are warning about the potential harmful effects of some of these products. Objective. To present scientific evidence of the benefits and surgical risks of herbal products. Methods. A Medline search and review of the literature was performed. Results. Many herbal medicines are relevant in dermatologic surgery since Ginkgo biloba, garlic, ginger, ginseng, feverfew, and vitamin E may increase the risk of bleeding, and ephedra may potentiate the side effects of epinephrine. Conclusion. Dermatologists should be aware of these herbal products and their uses. Many of these products prescribed by alternative medicine physicians or purchased over the counter should be discontinued prior to dermatologic surgery to minimize the risk of surgical complications. [source] Rapid detection and identification of counterfeit of adulterated products of synthetic phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors with an atmospheric solids analysis probeDRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, Issue 2 2010Marian Twohig Abstract The market success of the three approved synthetic phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction has led to an explosion in counterfeit versions of these drugs. In parallel a large market has developed for herbal products claimed to be natural alternatives to these synthetic drugs. The herbal products are heavily advertised on the internet and are freely available to purchase without prescription. Furthermore, adulteration of these supposed natural medicines is a very common and serious phenomenon. Recent reports have shown that the adulteration has extended to the analogues of the three approved synthetic PDE-5 inhibitors. An Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) was used for the direct analysis of the counterfeit pharmaceuticals and herbal products. Using the ASAP combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) it was possible to detect fraudulent counterfeit tablets. The physical appearance of the pills resembled the pills from the original manufacturer but contained the wrong active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Detecting adulteration for five herbal supplements marketed as natural alternatives to PDE-5 inhibitors was also possible using the ASAP. Three types of adulteration were found in the five samples: adulteration with tadalafil or sildenafil, mixed adulteration (tadalafil and sildenafil), and adulteration with analogues of these drugs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Toxicology and clinical pharmacology of herbal products.HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 3 20012000., Edited by M. J. Cupp, Humana Press No abstract is available for this article. [source] Biochanin A induction of sulfotransferases in ratsJOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Yue Chen Abstract Biochanin A (BCA) is a dietary isoflavone present in red clover (Trifoliumn pretense) and many herbal products. BCA has been reported to have chemopreventive actions against various cancers including prostate, breast, colon cancer, and so on. Sulfotransferases are a family of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, which are important for xenobiotic detoxification and regulation of biological signaling molecule biological activities. Sulfotransferase gene expressions are regulated by different hormones and xenobiotics. Improper regulation of sulfotransferases leads to improper functions of biological signaling molecules, which in turn can cause cancer or other diseases. BCA inhibits the enzyme activities of the phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in Chinese hamster ovary cells and induces the phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in human prostate cancer cells. BCA induction of sulfotransferases has not been studied. This investigation evaluates the in vivo regulation of sulfotransferases at protein and mRNA levels in the liver and intestine of Sprague-Dawley rats treated with BCA (0, 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. Our experimental results demonstrate for the first time that chronic BCA treatment can significantly induce the expression of rat sulfotransferase 1A1 (rSULT1A1, AST-IV), sulfotransferase 2A1 (rSULT2A1, STa), and rat estrogen sulfotransferase (rSULT1E1, EST) in rat liver and intestine. Our Western blot results are in good agreement with real-time RT-PCR data, suggesting that BCA induction of sulfotransferases occurs at the transcriptional level. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:102,114, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20318 [source] Pseudohyperaldosteronism, Liquorice, and HypertensionJOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION, Issue 2 2008Bruno Sontia PhD Consumption of large quantities of liquorice can cause hypokalemia and hypertension. These effects are associated with increased cortisol-mediated activation of renal mineralocorticoid receptors and hypoaldosteronism. The authors describe a patient with long-standing hypokalemia and uncontrolled hypertension related to excessive ingestion of liquorice. The case highlights the importance of obtaining a detailed dietary history, especially considering the increasing use of liquorice-containing foods, teas, and herbal products. The authors also discuss secondary causes of hypertension, focusing on pseudohyperaldosteronism. [source] Herbal product use in a sample of Turkish patients undergoing haemodialysisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 15 2009Belgüzar Kara Aim., To examine herbal product use among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis. Background., Herbal therapy is a very popular choice for many patients. However, little information is available about herbal product use in renal patients. Design., The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. The data were obtained from 114 end-stage renal disease patients in two haemodialysis centres in Ankara, Turkey between June,August 2007. Methods., Data were collected through face-to-face structured interviews. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were conducted. Results., Approximately one-third of the patients (28·1%) used a herbal product after the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Of these, 13·2% reported currently taking herbal products. A minority of participants (12·5%) informed their physician of herbal product use. Marital status was the only variable significantly associated with herbal product use. Conclusions., The results of this study showed that many patients used herbal products, but most did not disclose this use to their physician. Herbal product use was more prevalent among the participants who were married. Relevance to clinical practice., Understanding the patterns and reasons of herbal use is beneficial in efforts to improve the care of patients with end-stage renal disease. Nurses should be aware of the potential health risks caused by herbal products and should educate the patient and the family. [source] Case-crossover study of hospitalization for acute hepatitis in Chinese herb usersJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 10 2008Chang-Hsing Lee Abstract Background and Aim:, Despite the increase in popularity of herbal products, there is growing concern over potential health hazards caused by the Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) that are regularly reimbursed under the National Health Insurance system in Taiwan. This study attempts to determine the association between CHM prescriptions and acute hepatitis,related hospitalizations. Methods:, A case-crossover study was designed on 200 000 randomly selected individuals from the National Health Insurance Research Database who were then followed from 1997 to 2002. All medications taken in the 30- and 60-day periods prior to hospitalization were explored and compared with four control periods (the 180- and 360-day periods prior to and after the hospitalization). A conditional logistic regression model was then constructed to determine the odds of CHM being prescribed during these risk periods. Results:, There were a total of 12 cases with nonviral, nonalcoholic hepatitis patients who took CHM prescriptions during the 30-day risk or control periods. After adjustment for conventional hepatotoxic drugs, the odds ratio during the 30-day risk period was 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1, 9.8) for nonviral, nonalcoholic acute hepatitis. A detailed historical review of CHMs for each patient revealed that the odds ratio increased to 4.2 for those prescribed formulae containing Radix Paeoniae (95% CI: 1.1, 15.7) and Radix Glycyrrhizae (95% CI: 1.2, 15.2). Conclusions:, Chinese herbal users revealed a slightly increased risk of acute hepatitis. We therefore recommend pharmacovigilance and active surveillance for CHMs suspected with hepatotoxicity. [source] Increasing herbal product consumption in Thailand,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 9 2006Arthorn Riewpaiboon PhD Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate expenditures and categories of herbal product consumption in drugstores in Thailand. Methods The study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive research. Study population was drugs and foods produced from herbs sold in all registered drugstores in Thailand. Regarding sampling, one province was selected from each of 13 regions by convenience sampling. Drugstores in each province were included at a proportion of 1% of the population by a convenience sampling method. Purchasing documents of the drugstores were collected for two consecutive months in 2001 and 2003. The medians of prices were used to estimate value of the whole country. Results The sample included 129 and 121 drugstores in 2001 and 2003, respectively. Total consumption was 27 and 32 million US$ (1 US$,=,40 Thai baht) in the year 2001 and 2003, respectively. At constant prices, this represented an increase of 11%. The five top-ranked categories of products used in 2003 were haematonics, post-delivery drugs, anti-constipation, anti-cough, and cardiotonics. Conclusions Herbal product consumption increased by 11% from 2001 to 2003. To cover the full range of consumption of herbal products, further studies should include other outlets, for example hospital and direct sales. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Study on the pharmacokinetics drug,drug interaction potential of glycyrrhiza uralensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, with lidocaine in ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 5 2009Jingcheng Tang Abstract Drug,drug interaction potentials of an herbal medicine named Glycyrrhiza uralensis was investigated in rats via in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. P450 levels and the metabolic rate of lidocaine in the liver microsomes prepared from different treatment groups were measured. In a separate in vivo pharmacokinetic study, the pharmacokinetic parameters of lidocaine in plasma and urine were estimated. P450 levels in the rats pretreated by Glycyrrhiza uralensis were significant higher than that in the non-treatment control. The increase in P450 levels was dose-dependent. Glycyrrhiza uralensis (1 and 3 g/kg) increased P450 levels by 62% and 91%, respectively, compared with the non-treatment control (0.695 nmol/mg protein). The metabolic rate of lidocaine in the liver microsomes was significantly higher in the herb pretreated rats. The pharmacokinetic profile of lidocaine was significantly modified in the rats with the herbal pretreatment. Elimination half-lives were shortened by 39%, and total clearances were increased by 59% with the pretreatment of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. In conclusion, Glycyrrhiza uralensis showed induction effect on P450 isozymes. Efficacy and safety profiles of a drug may be affected when the herbal products or herbal prescriptions containing the plant medicine were concomitantly used. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||