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Hepatitis A Vaccine (hepatitis a + vaccine)
Selected AbstractsHepatitis A vaccine: Indirect evidence of immune memory 12 years after the primary courseJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 2 2004Koen Van Herck MD Abstract Vaccine-induced hepatitis A antibodies persist up to 10 years in adults, with mathematical models estimating further persistence up to 20,25 years. Thirty-one adults received booster inoculations 12 years after their initial vaccination (HavrixÔ 720 El.U at months 0, 1, 6). At the time of booster inoculation, all still had detectable antibodies. All but one subject met pre-defined criteria for anamnestic response 14 days after the booster, and all subjects did so after 30 days. The subjects' geometric mean titre (GMT) increased rapidly from 242 IU/L at baseline to 3,832 IU/L at day 14 and 5,282 IU/L at day 30. This study shows a substantial immune response to re-exposure to hepatitis A antigen after 12 years, which occurs rapidly to ensure protection within the average incubation period of hepatitis A virus. J. Med. Virol. 72:194,196, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] An Open Randomized Study of Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine Administered Concomitantly with Typhoid Fever and Yellow Fever VaccinesJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2002Elaine C. Jong Background: Concomitant administration of several vaccines is a common practice when travel clinics prepare persons for international travel. The purpose of the study was to compare the immunogenicity and safety of hepatitis A, typhoid fever, and yellow fever vaccines administered concomitantly with hepatitis A vaccine administered alone and typhoid fever and yellow fever vaccines administered alone. Methods: Healthy adults 18 to 55 years of age were randomized to receive either VAQTA, TyphimVi, and YF-VAX on day 0 and VAQTA at week 24 (Group 1); TyphimVi and YF-VAX on day 0 and an optional dose of VAQTA 1 month later (Group 2); or VAQTA at day 0 and week 24 (Group 3). Results: From March to December 1997, a total of 240 subjects were enrolled, 80 in each treatment group. Most were female and Caucasian, and the mean age was 29.4 years. Four weeks after vaccine dose 1, seroconversion to protective antibody levels against hepatitis A was 95.9% in Group 1 and 100% in Group 3. In Group 1, 93.4% of subjects demonstrated at least a 4-fold rise in neutralizing antibody levels against typhoid, compared with 90% in Group 2. Serum neutralizing antibody against yellow fever developed in 98.6% of subjects in Group 1 compared with 100% in Group 2. Conclusions: These findings were consistent with similarity in the immune responses between treatment groups as defined a priori. The adverse experience (AE) profile did not appear to be substantially affected by concomitant administration of all three vaccines. Providing these three vaccines concomitantly can simplify the process of obtaining pretravel prophylaxis and may help ensure that all needed vaccines are administered. [source] Response to hepatitis A vaccine in HIV-positive patients,JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS, Issue 2 2006S. Weissman Summary., The USPHS/IDSA guidelines for Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) recommends that all susceptible HIV+ patients at increased risk for hepatitis A virus (HAV) or with chronic liver disease, be vaccinated against HAV. Immune response to HAV vaccine has not been well studied in HIV+ patients. In particular, there is little information in the literature regarding the effect and relationship of the CD4 count and the immune response in HIV patients. A retrospective analysis of HIV+ patients who received HAV vaccine was performed, and the antibody response to HAV (anti-HAV) measured. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictors of response to vaccine administration. Of the 503 patients evaluated, 138 patients completed their HAV vaccination series and 48% of them had postvaccine anti-HAV positive results (responders). There was no difference in age, race, antiretroviral therapy use, or hepatitis C virus exposure between responders and nonresponders. In univariate analysis, responders were more likely to be female (40.3%vs 21.1%, P = 0.01), have a higher CD4 count at vaccine (508.6 cells/mm3vs 344.3 cells/mm3, P = 0.001) and marginally lower viral load at vaccine (2.65 log copies vs 2.94 log copies, P = 0.07). Multivariate analysis showed that female gender and higher CD4 count at vaccine were independent predictors of response to vaccine. Forty-eight per cent of our HIV+ patients responded to HAV vaccine administration. This is much lower than reported rates of 100% in HIV-negative patients. Female gender and CD4 count at vaccine, but not CD4 nadir, predicted response to vaccine. [source] Review article: vaccination and viral hepatitis , current status and future prospectsALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 10 2007R. S. KOFF Summary Background, Viral hepatitis is the most common cause of liver disease in the world. In the past 25 years, vaccines have become available for two of the five hepatitis viruses, and, where implemented, vaccination has become a key component of hepatitis prevention. Aims, To provide an update on recent advances in the use of current hepatitis vaccines and to examine progress in the development of vaccines for the remaining hepatitis viruses. Methods A Medline search was undertaken to identify the recent relevant literature. Search terms included hepatitis vaccines, hepatitis vaccination and hepatitis A,E vaccines. Results, Dramatic vaccine-induced declines in the incidence of both hepatitis A and B have occurred in the USA. Strategies to integrate hepatitis A vaccine into universal childhood immunization are being adopted. Similarly, strategies with the goal of eliminating transmission of hepatitis B have been promulgated. A vaccine for hepatitis E has been reported to be effective and safe, but progress in the development of vaccines for hepatitis C and D has been limited. Conclusion, During the next few decades, the goals of eliminating hepatitis A and B virus transmission may be reached in the USA and elsewhere. [source] | ||||||||||