Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Hemodynamic Stability (hemodynamic + stability)
Selected AbstractsDEXMEDETOMIDINE FOR SEDATION DURING UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPYDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 4 2008Kazutoshi Hashiguchi Background:, A clinical study was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine for sedation of patients undergoing routine upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Methods:, Forty middle-aged patients who were admitted for medical examination were randomized to receive an initial loading dose infusion of dexmedetomidine 6.0 µg/kg per h over 10 min followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.6 µg/kg per h (group A) or rapid infusion of midazolam 0.05 mg/kg (group B) as sedation for routine endoscopy. Sixty patients did not receive sedative agent (group C). Assessment included measurement of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen saturation, and endoscopy duration. Results:, There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in baseline characteristics. The level of sedation was similar between groups A and B, and the gag response score was significantly lower in the sedated groups than in group C. Hemodynamic stability was also demonstrated in group A during and after the endoscopic procedure. Increased systolic/diastolic BP was significantly attenuated in group A compared with group C. Interestingly, HR was significantly suppressed in group A than in groups B and C. In groups A and B, SpO2 was decreased compared with group C during and after the procedures; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference among the groups with endoscopy duration. Conclusions:, For sedation during upper endoscopy, dexmedetomidine is as safe and effective as midazolam, and it significantly reduces HR and BP during and after the endoscopic procedures. [source] Sevoflurane and epileptiform EEG changesPEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 4 2005ISABELLE CONSTANT MD Summary Sevoflurane has become the volatile agent of choice for inhalation induction of anesthesia. Hemodynamic stability and lack of respiratory irritation have justified its rapid extension to pediatric inhalation induction. The epileptogenic potential of sevoflurane has been suspected since the first case reports of abnormal movements in children without a history of epilepsy. The objectives of this short review are to: (i) analyze clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) features supporting epileptogenic activity of sevoflurane, (ii) identify factors which may modulate that activity, and (iii) suggest guidelines of clinical practice to limit expression of this epileptiform phenomenon, which has thus far unknown morbidity. The use of sevoflurane may be associated with cortical epileptiform EEG signs, usually without clinical manifestation. No lasting neurological or EEG sequelae have been described thus far, and the potential morbidity of this epileptogenic effect is unknown. The use of sevoflurane in children, with its remarkable cardiovascular profile, should include a number of precautions. Among them, the limitation of the depth of anesthesia is essential. The wide use of cerebral function monitoring (the most simple being the EEG), may permit optimization of sevoflurane dose and avoidance of burst suppression and major epileptiform signs in fragile subjects, notably the very young and the very old. [source] The Use of Contrast Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of an Unusual Cause of Congestive Heart Failure: AchalasiaECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2004George Stoupakis M.D. Extrinsic compression of the left atrium is a potentially life-threatening but unusual cause of congestive heart failure. Achalasia is a motility disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and dilation of the distal two-thirds of the esophagus. We report only the third known case in the world literature of massive left atrial compression by a dilated esophagus in a patient with achalasia. The use of contrast echocardiography with perflutren protein-type A microspheres allowed for differentiation between a compressive vascular structure and the esophagus. This resulted in prompt treatment leading to hemodynamic stability after nasogastric decompression and Botulinum toxin injection at the gastroesophageal junction. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 21, February 2004) [source] Temperature and Thermal Balance Monitoring and Control in DialysisHEMODIALYSIS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2003Franti, ek Lopot Temperature and thermal balance have been studied in an effort to explain better tolerance of ultrafiltration during isolated ultrafiltration and other convective techniques as compared to conventional hemodialysis. The large number of published studies has led to the conclusion that negative thermal balance of the extracorporeal circuit ameliorates hemodynamic stability by increased vasoreactivity and increased peripheral resistance. On the other hand, measurement of dialysis efficiency (urea removal) did not unequivocally confirm the theoretically predicted decrease in efficiency of "cool" dialysis. Another suggested application of temperature and thermal balance for assessing bioincompatibility is currently hampered by the ability of existing technology to evaluate thermal parameters of the extracorporeal circuit only. Publications on impact of negative thermal balance of the extracorporeal circuit on ultrafiltration-induced changes in blood volume give contradictory results. Further studies are needed for elucidation of the impact of thermal balance on overall biological response to dialysis. [source] Sparing the larynx during gynecological laparoscopy: a randomized trial comparing the LMA SupremeÔ and the ETTACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2010W. ABDI Background: We designed a prospective randomized single-blind study to compare efficiency and post-operative upper airway morbidity when the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) SupremeÔ is used as an alternative to the endotracheal tube (ETT). Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight elective pelvic laparoscopic ASA I,II female patients were assigned to receive either the LMA Supreme® or the ETT for airway management. Balanced anesthesia and ventilation techniques were standardized to control end-tidal CO2 and BIS value in the range 4.5,5 kPa and 40,50, respectively, and to maintain adequate hemodynamic stability. A single surgeon blinded to the airway management technique performed all surgical procedures. The ventilation efficiency of each airway was evaluated. Anesthesia- and surgery-related times were calculated and anesthesia details were recorded. Post-operative pain and pharyngolaryngeal morbidity were measured in a blind fashion using a numerical rating scale (NRS) (0,100). Results: Surgery duration was similar in both groups. Airway management duration was shorter with the LMA Supreme®. Post-operative pharyngolaryngeal morbidity incidence and all symptoms' intensity were significantly increased after ETT as compared with LMA Supreme® anesthesia. At the end of the PACU stage, the incidence and mean NRS of post-operative hoarseness were reduced when LMA Supreme® was used as an alternative to the ETT (16% vs. 47%; P<0.01 and 9 vs. 19, P<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: We demonstrated that choosing an LMA Supreme® was an efficient pharyngolaryngeal morbidity-sparing strategy. Moreover, we showed that the LMA Supreme® and the ETT were equally effective airways for a routine gynecological laparoscopy procedure. [source] Continuous lumbar epidural infusion of levobupivacaine: effects of small-or large-volume regimen of infusionACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2009G. DANELLI Background: The question of whether the dose, concentration or volume of a local anesthetic solution is the relevant determinant of the spread and quality of post-operative epidural analgesia is still open. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the effects of a large volume,low concentration with a small-volume,high-concentration lumbar epidural infusion of levobupivacaine. Methods: Seventy patients scheduled for total hip replacement were enrolled. After surgery, patients were randomly allocated to receive a continuous epidural infusion of levobupivacaine (10.5 mg/h) using either 0.125% levobupivacaine infused at 8.4 ml/h (low concentration group, n=35) or 0.75% levobupivacaine infused at 1.4 ml/h (high concentration group, n=35). We blindly recorded the degree of pain relief at rest and during movement every 8 h for the first two post-operative days, as well as hip flexion, motor block, rescue analgesic consumption and adverse events. Results: No difference in pain relief was observed between groups as estimated with the areas under the curve of the verbal Numerical Rating Scale for pain over time, both at rest and during movement. Similarly, there was no difference between groups in hip flexion degree, motor blockade and hemodynamic stability. Conclusions: Continuous lumbar epidural infusion of 0.75% levobupivacaine was as effective as continuous lumbar epidural infusion of 0.125% levobupivacaine, when administered at the same hourly dose of 10.5 mg, in achieving adequate analgesia both at rest and during movement, without differences in the incidence of hypotension and motor blockade. [source] Recombinant factor VIIa and fibrinogen display additive effect during in vitro haemodilution with crystalloidsACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2009C. FENGER-ERIKSEN Background: Major blood loss requires fluid resuscitation for maintaining hemodynamic stability. Excessive volume infusions predispose to dilutional coagulopathy through loss, consumption and dilution of cells and proteins involved in haemostasis. Further treatment with fibrinogen concentrate and/or recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) may be initiated, although the haemostatic effects in a situation with haemodilution are not fully detailed. The present study evaluates haemostatic effect of fibrinogen and rFVIIa and their combination in an in vitro model of haemodiluted whole blood with two commonly used crystalloids. Methods: Eight healthy, male volunteers were enrolled. Outcome variables were clot initiation, propagation and strength assessed by thrombelastographic parameters: clotting time, clot formation time, maximum velocity, time until maximum velocity, maximum clot firmness evaluated at dilution levels of 0% (control), 10%, 30% and 50% with isotonic saline and Ringer's lactate in a model of tissue factor-activated whole blood. Fibrinogen and rFVIIa were additional final reaction concentrations, reflecting commonly used clinically therapeutic dosages. Results: Dose-dependent coagulopathy developed following haemodilution with isotonic saline and Ringer's lactate, characterised by a prolonged clot initiation, reduced clot propagation and reduced clot strength. Fibrinogen improved clot strength and propagation phase while rFVIIa shortened clot initiation, both with a positive dose dependency. Conclusions: The combination of fibrinogen and rFVIIa displays an additive effect and improves overall in vitro whole blood clot formation in a model of in vitro crystalloid-induced haemodilution. [source] Anaphylactic reaction to patent blue V after sentinel lymph node biopsyACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2006P. Dewachter Background:, We report a documented grade III IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction associated with the use of 2.5% patent blue V dye for sentinel lymph node biopsy during breast cancer surgery. Methods:, Immediately after the reaction, when hemodynamic stability was obtained, plasma histamine was measured whereas serum tryptase was not. Six weeks later, with the patient's consent, cutaneous tests to patent blue V dye, methylene blue dye, latex and all drugs used during surgery were performed according to standardized procedures. Results and conclusion:, Clinical symptoms, biological assessment results and cutaneous tests positivity confirmed the onset of an anaphylactic reaction due to patent blue V. Of interest, the positivity of the cutaneous tests observed with patent blue V was not found with methylene blue which might be proposed for further investigations in our patient. This case report confirms the need for systematic allergological investigation of all drugs and substances administered during the peri-operative period in case of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction occurring during anesthesia. [source] Primary hyperoxaluria: Simultaneous combined liver and kidney transplantation from a living related donorLIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 4 2003Ibrahim Astarcioglu Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder in which deficiency of the liver enzyme AGT leads to renal failure and systemic oxalosis. Timely, combined cadaveric liver-kidney transplantation (LKT) is recommended for end-stage renal failure (ESRF) caused by PH1; however, the shortage of cadaveric organs has generated enthusiasm for living-related transplantation in years. Recently, successful sequential LKT from the same living donor has been reported in a child with PH1. We present a sister-to-brother simultaneous LKT in a pediatric patient who suffered from PH1 with ESRF. Twelve months after transplantation, his daily urine oxalate excretion was decreased from 160 mg to 19.5 mg with normal liver and renal allograft functions. In addition to the well-known advantages of living organ transplantation, simultaneous LKT may facilitate early postoperative hemodynamic stability and may induce immunotolerance and allow for low-dose immunosuppression. [source] Low Central Venous Pressure with Milrinone During Living Donor HepatectomyAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 4 2010H.-G. Ryu Maintaining a low central venous pressure (CVP) has been frequently used in liver resections to reduce blood loss. However, decreased preload carries potential risks such as hemodynamic instability. We hypothesized that a low CVP with milrinone would provide a better surgical environment and hemodynamic stability during living donor hepatectomy. Thirty-eight healthy adult liver donors were randomized to receive either milrinone (milrinone group, n = 19) or normal saline (control group, n = 19) infusion during liver resection. The surgical field was assessed using a four-point scale. Intraoperative vital signs, blood loss, the use of vasopressors and diuretics and postoperative laboratory data were compared between groups. The milrinone group showed a superior surgical field (p < 0.001) and less blood loss (142 ± 129 mL vs. 378 ± 167 mL, p < 0.001). Vital signs were well maintained in both groups but the milrinone group required smaller amounts of vasopressors and less-frequent diuretics to maintain a low CVP. The milrinone group also showed a more rapid recovery pattern after surgery. Milrinone-induced low CVP improves the surgical field with less blood loss during living donor hepatectomy and also has favorable effects on intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative recovery. [source] Hemospan: Design Principles for a New Class of Oxygen TherapeuticARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 2 2009Kim D. Vandegriff Abstract Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have been under development for decades, but safety concerns have prevented commercial approval. Early designs for modified hemoglobins by polymerization or intramolecular cross-linking reactions increased molecular size and decreased oxygen affinity, but all exhibited side effects of vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow. A new strategy has been established by applying principles of oxygen transport to cell-free hemoglobin. Sangart has developed a new oxygen therapeutic, Hemospan, using site-specific, poly(ethylene) glycol conjugation chemistry designed on two principles: (i) increased macromolecular size to prolong intravascular retention time, and (ii) increased oxygen affinity to prevent premature oxygen offloading in arterioles. In contrast to early-generation products, Hemospan infusion maintains normal arteriolar vascular tone and capillary flow. Phase I and Phase II clinical trials have been completed, showing that Hemospan is well-tolerated in humans, with evidence of efficacy to impart hemodynamic stability in surgical patients under anesthesia. Phase III trials in orthopedic surgery have recently completed enrollment in Europe. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||