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Ammonium Nitrate (ammonium + nitrate)
Kinds of Ammonium Nitrate Selected AbstractsCeric Ammonium Nitrate Initiated Grafting of PEG to Plasma Polymers for Cell-Resistant SurfacesPLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS, Issue 2 2008Naomi J. Vickers Abstract The development of a facile method with general applicability and mild reaction conditions for grafting PEG onto surfaces to reduce bio-adhesion is described. The approach taken was to use CAN to graft PEG to plasma polymers coatings selected to give a high concentration of alcohol groups. The study showed that grafting required functional groups on surfaces, a minimum concentration of CAN initiator (0.05 M) and was time and initiator concentration dependent. Adhesion of fibroblasts and endothelial cells was reduced to negligible levels compared to the adhesion to tissue culture polystyrene and untreated plasma polymers of allyl alcohol following CAN induced PEG grafting. [source] Kinetic Regularities of the Heat Release for the Interaction of Some Organic Compounds with Ammonium NitratePROPELLANTS, EXPLOSIVES, PYROTECHNICS, Issue 6 2006Abstract Ammonium nitrate (AN) is used as an oxidant in a series of systems with a wide spectrum of applications, from explosive compositions up to smokeless stoichiometric self-burning compositions with low combustion temperature. The knowledge of the thermal stability of such compositions is of great importance in using them in practice. In this work the research of kinetics of heat release in the interaction of AN with different organic compounds has been performed using the automatic differential calorimeter. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Activation of the NC,H Bond of Morita,Baylis,Hillman Adducts of N-Substituted Isatins with Cerium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) and Alcohol (ROH).CHEMINFORM, Issue 43 2009Ponnusamy Shanmugam Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Solid-Phase Oxidative Halodecarboxylation of ,-Arylacrylic Acids with the Ceric Ammonium Nitrate,Alkali Halide System.CHEMINFORM, Issue 34 2009G. I. Nikishin Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Oxidation Process Using Ceric Ammonium Nitrate: Three-Component Synthesis of Trisubstituted Imidazoles under Aerobic Oxidation Conditions.CHEMINFORM, Issue 25 2009Ahmad Shaabani Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of ,,,-Epoxy Phenyl Ketones with Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) and Potassium Bromide.CHEMINFORM, Issue 33 2008Zhou Lu Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Solvent-Free Oxidation of Aliphatic Alcohols with Ceric Ammonium Nitrate,Lithium Bromide System.CHEMINFORM, Issue 25 2008N. I. Kapustina Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: From Solution-Phase to "On-Column" N-Dearylation of ,-Lactams by Silica-Supported Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN,SiO2).CHEMINFORM, Issue 23 2008Aliasghar Jarrahpour Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) Promoted Efficient Solid Phase Synthesis of Amide Derivatives: A Green Approach.CHEMINFORM, Issue 20 2008Ch. Sanjeeva Reddy Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Halogenation of Carbonyl Compounds by an Ionic Liquid, [AcMIm]X, and Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN).CHEMINFORM, Issue 43 2007Brindaban C. Ranu Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Cerium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) for Mild and Efficient Reagent to Remove Hydroxyethyl Units from 2-Hydroxyethyl Ethers and 2-Hydroxyethyl Amines.CHEMINFORM, Issue 18 2007Hiromichi Fujioka Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Regioselective Dehydrogenation of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Mediated by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate.CHEMINFORM, Issue 3 2007P. Shanmugam Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Facile Synthesis of 3,3-Di(heteroaryl)indolin-2-one Derivatives Catalyzed by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) under Ultrasound Irradiation.CHEMINFORM, Issue 24 2006Shun-Yi Wang Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) as a Catalyst in Tap Water: A Simple, Proficient and Green Approach for the Synthesis of Quinoxalines.CHEMINFORM, Issue 23 2006Shivaji V. More Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Novel Method for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bis(indolyl)alkanes (III) Catalyzed by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) under Ultrasonic Irradiation.CHEMINFORM, Issue 6 2006Xiao-Fei Zeng No abstract is available for this article. [source] Remarkably Efficient Oxidative Coupling of N,N-Dialkylarylamines in Water Mediated by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate.CHEMINFORM, Issue 38 2005Chanjuan Xi Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) Catalyzed Baeyer,Villiger Oxidation of Carbonyl Compounds, Specially 20-Oxosteroids.CHEMINFORM, Issue 41 2004Papori Goswami Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) Mediated Esterification of N-Boc Amino Acids Allows Either Retention or Removal of the N-Boc Group.CHEMINFORM, Issue 26 2004Ashani Kuttan Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Mild and Chemoselective Catalytic Deprotection of Ketals and Acetals Using Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate.CHEMINFORM, Issue 10 2004Ali Ates Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Bromination of Alkenes Using Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) and Potassium Bromide.CHEMINFORM, Issue 1 2002Vijay Nair Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound-Accelerated Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones with Ceric Ammonium Nitrate.CHEMINFORM, Issue 1 2002Jhillu S. Yadav Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Chemo- and Regioselective Oxidative Nuclear Bromination of Activated Aromatic Compounds Using Lithium Bromide and Ceric Ammonium Nitrate.CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2001Subhas Chandra Roy Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate Mediated Nitration of Coumarins.CHEMINFORM, Issue 27 2001N. Ganguly Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Kinetic Regularities of the Heat Release for the Interaction of Some Organic Compounds with Ammonium NitratePROPELLANTS, EXPLOSIVES, PYROTECHNICS, Issue 6 2006Abstract Ammonium nitrate (AN) is used as an oxidant in a series of systems with a wide spectrum of applications, from explosive compositions up to smokeless stoichiometric self-burning compositions with low combustion temperature. The knowledge of the thermal stability of such compositions is of great importance in using them in practice. In this work the research of kinetics of heat release in the interaction of AN with different organic compounds has been performed using the automatic differential calorimeter. [source] Initial influence of fertilizer nitrogen types on water qualityAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 7 2010Charles C Mischke Abstract Using different sources of nitrogen as fertilizers in nursery ponds may affect water quality and plankton responses. We evaluated water quality variables and plankton population responses when using different nitrogen sources for catfish nursery pond fertilization. We compared calcium nitrate (12% N), sodium nitrite (20% N), ammonium chloride (26% N), ammonium nitrate (34% N) and urea (45% N) in 190-L microcosms at equimolar nitrogen application rates. Sodium nitrite-fertilized microcosms had higher nitrite and nitrate levels during the first week; no other differences in the water quality were detected among fertilizer types (P>0.05). No differences in green algae, diatoms or cyanobacteria were detected among treatments; desirable zooplankton for catfish culture was increased in urea-fertilized microcosms. Based on these results, any form of nitrogen used for pond fertilization should perform similarly without causing substantial water quality deterioration. Ammonium nitrate and urea contain a higher percentage of nitrogen, requiring less volume to achieve dosing levels. If both urea and ammonium nitrate are available, we recommend using the one with the least cost per unit of nitrogen. If both types of fertilizer have an equal cost per unit of nitrogen, we recommend using urea because of the potential advantage of increasing desirable zooplankton concentrations. [source] Rapid characterization of fatty alcohol ethoxylates by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresisELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 14 2008Mónica Arias Abstract Fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAE) (a mixture of nonionic surfactants) have been characterized using NACE with UV detection. Phenyl polyurethane derivatives of these compounds were previously obtained by reaction with phenyl isocyanate. The derivatization reaction only requires microwave irradiation for 30,s (600,W). Phenyl polyurethanes were separated and characterized using a BGE containing a mixture of ammonium nitrate (15,mM), acetic acid (1.5%) and 9:1 v/v methanol/ACN. After optimization of the instrumental conditions for the separation, phenyl polyurethane compounds (formed from the corresponding FAE) with ethylene oxide numbers (EON) of 6 (certified standard and industrial samples), 7 and 10 (both as industrial samples), and 5.5 (microemulsion phase) were successfully separated and characterized. The properties of these FAE nonionic surfactants are very important in the petroleum industry, which requires characterization of the quality of the purchased materials as well as the final products in the microemulsion-oil-water stream process. This analytical objective has been achieved by the proposed NACE methods, allowing FAE to be distinguished from 5.5 to 10 EON with errors below 4%, and shows advantages against to HPLC methods. [source] Toxicity of nitrogenous fertilizers to eggs of snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) in field and laboratory exposuresENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 9 2007Shane Raymond de Solla Abstract Many reptiles oviposit in soil of agricultural landscapes. We evaluated the toxicity of two commonly used nitrogenous fertilizers, urea and ammonium nitrate, on the survivorship of exposed snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) eggs. Eggs were incubated in a community garden plot in which urea was applied to the soil at realistic rates of up to 200 kg/ha in 2004, and ammonium nitrate was applied at rates of up to 2,000 kg/ha in 2005. Otherwise, the eggs were unmanipulated and were subject to ambient temperature and weather conditions. Eggs were also exposed in the laboratory in covered bins so as to minimize loss of nitrogenous compounds through volatilization or leaching from the soil. Neither urea nor ammonium nitrate had any impact on hatching success or development when exposed in the garden plot, despite overt toxicity of ammonium nitrate to endogenous plants. Both laboratory exposures resulted in reduced hatching success, lower body mass at hatching, and reduced posthatching survival compared to controls. The lack of toxicity of these fertilizers in the field was probably due to leaching in the soil and through atmospheric loss. In general, we conclude that nitrogenous fertilizers probably have little direct impacts on turtle eggs deposited in agricultural landscapes. [source] Variations of chemical compositions in coarse aerosols and fine aerosols in two successive episodesENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 8 2006Chung-Yih Kuo Abstract Particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 ,m (PM2.5) and ranging between 10 to 2.5 ,m (PM10-2.5) were simultaneously collected at four air-quality monitoring stations in the Taichung area of central Taiwan during the period of February 12 to 22, 2004. Two different types of PM10 episodes, a nonlocal dust-storm episode and a local episode, were observed in the present study. High concentrations of coarse aerosols occurred during the dust-storm episode, whereas high concentrations of fine aerosols were present during the local episode. Relatively high levels of Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl, in coarse aerosols were observed during the dust-storm episode. Very high concentrations of secondary aerosols (NH+4, SO2,4, and NO,3) in fine aerosols were observed during the local episode. The nitrate ion demonstrated the greatest increase in the ratios of ionic species to PM2.5 and ionic species to PM10-2.5 during the local episode. Significantly high ratios (0.444) of NO,3 to NO2 in fine aerosols were present during the local episode, indicating that the relatively high formation rate of NO,3 was one of the important factors leading to the increase of the NO,3 to PM2.5 ratio during the local episode. Results also showed that an abundant quantity of fine ammonium nitrate was formed during the local episode, and chloride depletion probably was the major pathway to form coarse NaNO3 during this episode. [source] Influence of developmental stage on sensitivity to ammonium nitrate of aquatic stages of amphibiansENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2006Manuel E. Ortiz-Santaliestra Abstract In static renewal experiments, we studied how developmental stage influences the effect of ammonium nitrate on embryonic and larval stages of anuran amphibians. The observed lethal effects caused by ammonium nitrate increased with both concentration and duration of exposure. Significant differences were observed in sensitivity to ammonium nitrate as a function of developmental stage in Discoglossus galganoi, Pelobates cultripes, and Bufo calamita. In D. galganoi and P. cultripes, younger individuals displayed greater acute effects from the chemical fertilizer compared with older individuals. For example, 100% of P. cultripes hatchlings died after 4 d of exposure to a nominal concentration of 225.8 mg N-NO3NH4/L, whereas less than 40% of individuals from older larval stages died when exposed to this concentration. A delay of 4 d in the beginning of the exposure to the chemical was enough to cause significant differences in sensitivity. Bufo calamita showed a higher sensitivity in later larval stages after 12 d of exposure. Hyla meridionalis and B. calamita were less sensitive than the other two species. Peak ammonium nitrate concentrations usually occur when amphibians are breeding and, thus, when the most sensitive aquatic stage is in the water. The developmental stage of the test animals should be considered when evaluating the risk of ammonium nitrate to amphibians. [source] Novel Model Sulfur Compounds as Mechanistic Probes for Enzymatic and Biomimetic OxidationsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2005Alicia B. Peñéñory Abstract To test for the intermediacy of sulfide radical cations in biomimetic and enzymatic oxidations, the sulfides PhSCH3 (1a), PhSCH2Ph (1b), PhSCHPh2 (1c), PhSCPh3 (1d), CH3SCHPh2 (2), PhSCH2CH=CH2 (3), PhSCH2CH=CHPh (4) and CH3SCH2CH=CHPh (5) were studied, and their results were compared to those obtained for the corresponding chemical electron transfer (CET) and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) oxidations. The radical cations generated from 3,5 by CET in the presence of cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) yielded only fragmentation products from the alkyl cations and the thiyl radicals (RS·), whereas 2·+ afforded both fragmentation and mainly ,-deprotonation products. Photochemical treatment of the sulfides 1a and 1b with C(NO2)4 gave only the corresponding sulfoxides, while fragmentation was the main pathway for the photoreactions of 1c, 2 and 5, and for 1d only this latter process was observed. These results support our selection of the sulfides RSCHPh2, RSCH2CH=CHPh (R = Me, Ph) and PhSCPh3 as models for the biomimetic and enzymatic studies. As evidenced by the sulfoxides and sulfones detected as unique products both in protic and in aprotic solvents, it is proposed that the mechanism of the biomimetic sulfoxidations of sulfides 1c and 2,5 by TPPFeIIICl is direct oxygen transfer. Three enzymes , Coprinus cinereus peroxidase (CiP), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and chloroperoxidase (CPO) , were studied in the oxidation of sulfides 1a, 2, 4 and 5. The use of a racemic alkyl hydroperoxide in the CiP enzymatic oxidation of sulfides 5 and 2 yielded the corresponding sulfoxides (23 and 29%) and the aldehyde or benzophenone (5%), respectively. These results suggest the involvement of an ET process for the CiP-catalysed oxidation. Fragmentation products were observed in the enzymatic oxidation of sulfide 4 with HRP, which confirms the previously proposed ET mechanism. On the other hand, the CPO-enzymatic oxidation of sulfide 5 yielded only the corresponding sulfoxide, as would be expected for a direct oxygen-transfer or oxene mechanism. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005) [source] | |||||||||||||||||||