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Amine Salt (amine + salt)
Selected AbstractsToxicokinetics and recovery studies of dicamba dimethyl amine salt in goats following single oral administrationJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 2 2010Madhusudan Mukherjee Abstract BACKGROUND: Toxicokinetics and recovery studies of dicamba dimethyl amine salt (DDAS) were conducted to obtain more information about its toxicity and tissue retention in farm animals. RESULTS: The minimum oral toxic dose level of DDAS was determined as 1400 mg kg,1 body weight. In the toxicokinetic study, blood DDAS concentration of 55.6 ± 0.59 µg mL,1 (mean ± standard error) was detected at 0.08 h, which peaked to 102.3 ± 5.03 µg mL,1 at 0.25 h, and declined to a minimum of 4.1 ± 0.06 µg mL,1 at 36 h. In recovery studies, DDAS concentration in urine began to increase significantly (P < 0.05) from 12 h, peaked at 24 h and declined from 48 h onwards. Maximum excretion through faeces was at 24 h and was complete by 144 h. The residual level in tissues decreased significantly (P < 0.05) on day 7 as compared to day 4. In histopathological studies, cellular alterations in lungs, liver, kidney, adrenal gland and spleen were found. CONCLUSION: DDAS persists in the body for a shorter period and its major excretory route is through urine. DDAS has lower affinity to accumulate in tissues, and intensity of cellular alterations is not severe after single-dose oral administration. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source] An unusual two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network in bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium) peroxodisulfate dihydrateACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 9 2008Miguel Angel Harvey The title compound, 2C14H13N2+·S2O82,·2H2O, is a protonated amine salt which is formed from two rather uncommon ionic species, namely a peroxodisulfate (pds2,) anion, which lies across a crystallographic inversion centre, and a 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-1-ium (Hdmph+) cation lying in a general position. Each pds2, anion binds to two water molecules through strong water,peroxo O,H...O interactions, giving rise to an unprecedented planar network of hydrogen-bonded macrocycles which run parallel to (100). The atoms of the large R88(30) rings are provided by four water molecules bridging in fully extended form (...H,O,H...) and four pds2, anions alternately acting as long (...O,S,O,O,S,O...) and short (...O,S,O...) bridges. The Hdmph+ cations, in turn, bind to these units through hydrogen bonds involving their protonated N atoms. In addition, the crystal structure also contains ,,, and aromatic,peroxo C,H...O interactions. [source] Correlation between the reactivity and spectroscopic properties of N -substituted secondary thioamides.MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2003New intramolecular N···H+···N binding approach, proton complexes based on thioamide ligation Abstract On the basis of a comparison of chemical shifts and wavenumbers of several secondary thioamides and amides having monocationic substituents attached to thiocarbamoyl or carbamoyl groups by a polymethylene chain, new intramolecular unconventional N···H+···N hydrogen bonding effects were discovered. It is argued that the CH2,N rotation is hindered and two +H···NHCH3 non-equivalent protons occur in a proton spectrum of hydrochloride 1a (at 10.68 and 2.77 ppm, respectively) instead of two +NH2CH3 protons. Presumably, the above steric factors inhibit the acidic hydrolysis of 1a (stabilized by strong intramolecular N···H+···N hydrogen bonds) to an amide and prevent intramolecular cyclization of 2a (stabilized by strong intramolecular neutral,neutral N···HN hydrogen bonds) to a cyclic amidine. Postulation of additional dihydrogen bond formation is helpful in understanding the spectroscopic differences of 4 and 5. The above new bonding is also compared with intramolecular N···H,N+ hydrogen bonds in primary amine salts 7 and 8. In contrast to 3, a cooperative hydrogen bonded system is observed in 9 and 10. The weak hydrogen bonds in 7,10 facilitate the hydrolysis and cyclization reactions of secondary thioamides. The spectroscopic data for secondary (thio)amides are especially useful for characterizing the electronic situation at the (thio)carbamoyl nitrogen atoms and they are perfectly correlated with the reactivity. Examples of chelation of protons by thioamides (11 and 12), which contain strongly electron-donating pyrimidine groups, are presented to show the contribution of dihydrogen bonding in the protonation reaction similar to 1 and 4. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||