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Ambiguous Term (ambiguous + term)
Selected AbstractsDepressive symptoms in late life: associations with apathy, resilience and disability vary between young-old and old-oldINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 3 2008Mona Mehta Abstract Objective Prior research has found that disability and apathy are associated with late-life depression. However, the effect of age on these associations in "late-life," an ambiguous term encompassing all individuals typically older than 60 years, has not been examined. We investigated the association of depression with disability, apathy and resilience across the age range of late-life. Methods One hundred and five community-dwelling elderly with moderate levels of disability were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hardy-Gill Resilience Scale, Starkstein Apathy Scale and IADL/ADL questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess relationships between depression, disability, apathy and resilience, stratified by age (<80 vs. >80). Results In the <80 year old subject group, resilience, apathy and disability scores (partial type III R2,=,11.1%, 10.4% and 12.8%, respectively) equally contributed to the variability of GDS score. In contrast, in the >80 year old subject group, apathy (partial type III R2,=,18.7%) had the greatest contribution to GDS score. Conclusions In elderly persons under age 80, resilience, apathy and disability all have relatively equal contributions to depression scores, whereas in those over age 80, depression is most highly correlated with apathy. These data suggest that depressive symptoms in elderly persons have different clinical features along the age spectrum from young-old to old-old. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Clinical reasoning: concept analysisJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 5 2010Barbara Simmons simmons b. (2010) Clinical reasoning: concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing,66(5), 1151,1158. Abstract Title.,Clinical reasoning: concept analysis. Aim., This paper is a report of a concept analysis of clinical reasoning in nursing. Background., Clinical reasoning is an ambiguous term that is often used synonymously with decision-making and clinical judgment. Clinical reasoning has not been clearly defined in the literature. Healthcare settings are increasingly filled with uncertainty, risk and complexity due to increased patient acuity, multiple comorbidities, and enhanced use of technology, all of which require clinical reasoning. Data sources., Literature for this concept analysis was retrieved from several databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC and OvidMEDLINE, for the years 1980 to 2008. Review methods., Rodgers's evolutionary method of concept analysis was used because of its applicability to concepts that are still evolving. Results., Multiple terms have been used synonymously to describe the thinking skills that nurses use. Research in the past 20 years has elucidated differences among these terms and identified the cognitive processes that precede judgment and decision-making. Our concept analysis defines one of these terms, ,clinical reasoning,' as a complex process that uses cognition, metacognition, and discipline-specific knowledge to gather and analyse patient information, evaluate its significance, and weigh alternative actions. Conclusion., This concept analysis provides a middle-range descriptive theory of clinical reasoning in nursing that helps clarify meaning and gives direction for future research. Appropriate instruments to operationalize the concept need to be developed. Research is needed to identify additional variables that have an impact on clinical reasoning and what are the consequences of clinical reasoning in specific situations. [source] What is Genetic Information, and why is it Significant?JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2006A Contextual, Approach, Contrastive abstract Is genetic information of special ethical significance? Does it require special regulation? There is considerable contemporary debate about this question (the ,genetic exceptionalism' debate). ,Genetic information' is an ambiguous term and, as an aid to avoiding conflation in the genetic exceptionalism debate, a detailed account is given of just how and why ,genetic information' is ambiguous. Whilst ambiguity is a ubiquitous problem of communication, it is suggested that ,genetic information' is ambiguous in a particular way, one that gives rise to the problem of ,significance creep' (i.e., where claims about the significance of certain kinds of genetic information in one context influence our thinking about the significance of other kinds of genetic information in other contexts). A contextual and contrastive methodology is proposed: evaluating the significance of genetic information requires us to be sensitive to the polysemy of ,genetic information' across contexts and then examine the contrast in significance (if any) of genetic, as opposed to nongenetic, information within contexts. This, in turn, suggests that a proper solution to the regulatory question requires us to pay more attention to how and why information, and its acquisition, possession and use, come to be of ethical significance. [source] Understanding leadership for cross-cultural knowledge managementJOURNAL OF LEADERSHIP STUDIES, Issue 4 2009Nhu T. B. Nguyen This article examines the role of leadership in cross-cultural knowledge management (CCKM) because both knowledge management and cross-cultural management are now regarded as popular topics in both academic and practical research in the age of globalization. We discuss the existing literature on the relationship between leadership and cross-cultural management as well as the relationship between leadership and knowledge management to illustrate the importance of leadership in each field. The concept of cross-cultural knowledge management,an ambiguous term,will be presented from Nguyen, Umemoto, and Medeni's (2007) work, establishing an expanded role of cross-cultural management, which could be viewed as a subset of knowledge management. To emphasize the impact of leadership on CCKM, we discuss the influence of leadership on each factor in the theoretical model of CCKM. Our understanding of the role of leadership in CCKM suggests that international leaders should pay careful attention to managing fragmentation, integration, and differentiation when they want to create and manage the cross-cultural knowledge of their employees. [source] | ||||||||||