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Hair Growth (hair + growth)
Kinds of Hair Growth Selected AbstractsHair Growth Induced by Diode Laser TreatmentDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 5 2005Eric F. Bernstein MD background. Although hair reduction by long-pulsed red and infrared lasers and light sources is generally quite effective, paradoxical hair growth has rarely been observed following treatment. objective. To report a case of thick hair growth following 810 nm diode laser treatment and its subsequent treatment. methods. A 24-year-old man who had previously had laser hair reduction on his posterior neck was treated to a test area on his upper back. results. Thick terminal hair developed in the treated area subsequent to laser treatment. Further treatment of this area removed the terminal hair but resulted in terminal hair growth in an annular distribution surrounding the treatment site. conclusions. Diode laser treatment rarely stimulates terminal hair growth. This phenomenon should be studied to better understand hair growth cycles and to help develop more effective treatments for hair loss and hair growth. [source] Localized Hypertrichosis in a Pediatric Patient,What Is the Mechanism for Excess Hair Growth?PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Kyle Wagamon M.D. We highlight an instance of localized hypertrichosis due to an underlying diffuse neurofibroma in a patient with known neurofibromatosis 1. The classification and possible underlying pathogenic mechanisms of localized hypertriehosis in pediatric patients is discussed. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amino-Pyridines as Androgen Receptor Antagonists for Stimulating Hair Growth and Reducing Sebum Production.CHEMINFORM, Issue 4 2008Lain-Yen Hu Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Hair Growth Induced by Diode Laser TreatmentDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 5 2005Eric F. Bernstein MD background. Although hair reduction by long-pulsed red and infrared lasers and light sources is generally quite effective, paradoxical hair growth has rarely been observed following treatment. objective. To report a case of thick hair growth following 810 nm diode laser treatment and its subsequent treatment. methods. A 24-year-old man who had previously had laser hair reduction on his posterior neck was treated to a test area on his upper back. results. Thick terminal hair developed in the treated area subsequent to laser treatment. Further treatment of this area removed the terminal hair but resulted in terminal hair growth in an annular distribution surrounding the treatment site. conclusions. Diode laser treatment rarely stimulates terminal hair growth. This phenomenon should be studied to better understand hair growth cycles and to help develop more effective treatments for hair loss and hair growth. [source] Epidermal Grafting After Chemical Epilation in the Treatment of VitiligoDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 10 2001Chi-Yeon Kim MD Background. Vitiligo on hairy areas like the scalp and eyebrows is frequently associated with leukotrichia and repigmentation by photochemotherapy is usually difficult because of a deficient melanocyte reservoir. Although epidermal grafting to supply melanocytes is very effective for stable vitiligo, hair growth inhibits successful transfer of melanocytes from grafted epidermis in dense hair-bearing regions. Objective. To investigate the effectiveness of preoperative chemical epilation to improve the results of epidermal graft by suction blister on hairy areas. Methods. Two patients who had vitiligo with leukotrichia on the face and scalp were treated with epidermal grafting using suction blister after chemical epilation. Two weeks after the graft they were treated with topical psolaren plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. Results. Epidermal grafting was performed successfully, and successful repigmentation of the skin with significant improvement of leukotrichia was observed in each of two patients. Conclusion. Chemical epilation followed by epidermal grafting is a safe, easy, and effective treatment for vitiligo affecting hairy regions. [source] Androgens and hair growthDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 5 2008Valerie Anne Randall ABSTRACT:, Hair's importance in human communication means that abnormalities like excess hair in hirsutism or hair loss in alopecia cause psychological distress. Androgens are the main regulator of human hair follicles, changing small vellus follicles producing tiny, virtually invisible hairs into larger intermediate and terminal follicles making bigger, pigmented hairs. The response to androgens varies with the body site as it is specific to the hair follicle itself. Normally around puberty, androgens stimulate axillary and pubic hair in both sexes, plus the beard, etc. in men, while later they may also inhibit scalp hair growth causing androgenetic alopecia. Androgens act within the follicle to alter the mesenchyme,epithelial cell interactions, changing the length of time the hair is growing, the dermal papilla size and dermal papilla cell, keratinocyte and melanocyte activity. Greater understanding of the mechanisms of androgen action in follicles should improve therapies for poorly controlled hair disorders like hirsutism and alopecia. [source] Medical treatment of hirsutismDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 5 2008Ulrike Blume-Peytavi ABSTRACT:, Hirsutism is usually the result of an underlying adrenal, ovarian, or central endocrine abnormality mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome but may also be idiopathic or drug induced. The aim of medical treatment of hirsutism is to rectify any causal hormonal balance, slow down or stop excessive hair growth, and improve the aesthetic appearance of hirsutism, thereby positively affecting the patient's quality of life. Today, for the majority of women, a monotherapy with oral contraceptives that have antiandrogenic activity is recommended as a first-line treatment for hirsutism. Combining an oral contraceptive pill with an antiandrogen is recommended if clinical improvement of hirsutism is insufficient after 6,9 months' monotherapy. In women who present with hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance, insulin sensitizers are effective for the hirsutism as well as the hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, and infertility but there is no convincing evidence that they are effective for hirsutism alone. Topical eflornithine is a medical therapy that can be a useful adjuvant for hirsutism when used in conjunction with systemic medications or with laser/photoepilation. [source] Polyamines and hair: a couple in search of perfectionEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 9 2010Yuval Ramot Please cite this paper as: Polyamines and hair: a couple in search of perfection. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 784,790. Abstract:, Polyamines (spermidine, putrescine and spermine) are multifunctional cationic amines that are indispensable for cellular proliferation; of key significance in the growth of rapidly regenerating tissues and tumors. Given that the hair follicle (HF) is one of the most highly proliferative organs in mammalian biology, it is not surprising that polyamines are crucial to HF growth. Indeed, growing (anagen) HFs show the highest activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, while inhibition of ODC, using eflornithine, results in a decreased rate of excessive facial hair growth in vivo and inhibits human scalp hair growth in organ culture. In sheep, manipulation of dietary intake of polyamines also results in altered wool growth. Polyamine-containing nutraceuticals have therefore been proposed as promoters of human hair growth. Recent progress in polyamine research, coupled with renewed interest in the role of polyamines in skin biology, encourages one to revisit their potential roles in HF biology and highlights the need for a systematic evaluation of their mechanisms of action and clinical applications in the treatment of hair disorders. The present viewpoint essay outlines the key frontiers in polyamine-related hair research and defines the major open questions. Moreover, it argues that a renaissance in polyamine research in hair biology, well beyond the inhibition of ODC activity in hirsutism therapy, is important for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the manipulation of human hair growth. Such targets could include the manipulation of polyamine biosynthesis and the topical administration of selected polyamines, such as spermidine. [source] Is there a ,gut,brain,skin axis'?EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Petra Arck Please cite this paper as: Is there a ,gut,brain,skin axis'? Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 401,405. Abstract:, Emerging evidence arising from interdisciplinary research supports the occurrence of communication axes between organs, such as the brain,gut or brain,skin axis. The latter is employed in response to stress challenge, along which neurogenic skin inflammation and hair growth inhibition is mediated. We now show that ingestion of a Lactobacillus strain in mice dampens stress-induced neurogenic skin inflammation and the hair growth inhibition. In conclusion, we are introducing a hypothesis, encouraged by our pilot observations and resting upon published prior evidence from the literature, which amalgamates previously proposed partial concepts into a new, unifying model, i.e. the gut,brain,skin axis. This concept suggests that modulation of the microbiome by deployment of probiotics can not only greatly reduce stress-induced neurogenic skin inflammation but even affect a very complex cutaneous phenomenon of (mini-) organ transformation, i.e. hair follicle cycling. These observations raise the intriguing prospect that feeding of just the right kind of bacteria can exert profound beneficial effects on skin homoeostasis, skin inflammation, hair growth and peripheral tissue responses to perceived stress. [source] Interleukin-6 cytokine family member oncostatin M is a hair-follicle-expressed factor with hair growth inhibitory propertiesEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Mei Yu Abstract:, The activation of receptor complexes containing glycoprotein 130 (gp130) identifies the interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine family. We examined members of this family for their expression and activity in hair follicles. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction using mRNA derived from microdissected, anagen-stage human hair follicles and comparison to non-follicular skin epithelium revealed higher levels of IL-6 (15.5-fold) and oncostatin M (OSM, 3.4-fold) in hair follicles. In contrast, expression of all mRNAs coding for IL-6 cytokine family receptors was reduced. Immunohistology suggested expression of OSM, gp130, leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFr) and IL-11r in the hair follicle root sheaths and dermal papilla, while IL-11, IL-6r and OSMr were expressed in root sheaths alone. IL-6 was expressed in the dermal papilla while cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and LIF were not observed. OSM and to a lesser extent CT-1 exhibited a dose-dependent growth inhibition capacity on human hair follicles in vitro. OSM and CT-1 incubated with agarose beads and injected subcutaneously at 1 ,g per mouse into telogen skin of 65-day-old mice revealed no capacity to induce anagen hair growth. In contrast, injection of 65-day-old mice in which anagen had been induced by hair plucking revealed a moderate hair growth inhibitory capacity for OSM, but no significant effect for CT-1. The data identify OSM as a modulator of hair follicle growth and suggest other family members may also have some degree of hair growth inhibitory effect. In principle, increased expression of some IL-6 cytokine family members in cutaneous inflammation might contribute to the promotion of hair loss. [source] Hair growth inhibition by psychoemotional stress: a mouse model for neural mechanisms in hair growth controlEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Eva M. J. Peters Abstract:, Stress has long been discussed controversially as a cause of hair loss. However, solid proof of stress-induced hair growth inhibition had long been missing. If psychoemotional stress can affect hair growth, this must be mediated via definable neurorendocrine and/or neuroimmunological signaling pathways. Revisiting and up-dating relevant background data on neural mechanisms of hair growth control, we sketch essentials of hair follicle (HF) neurobiology and discuss the modulation of murine hair growth by neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, and mast cells. Exploiting an established mouse model for stress, we summarize recent evidence that sonic stress triggers a cascade of molecular events including plasticity of the peptidergic peri- and interfollicular innervation and neuroimmune crosstalk. Substance P (SP) and NGF (nerve growth factor) are recruited as key mediators of stress-induced hair growth-inhibitory effects. These effects include perifollicular neurogenic inflammation, HF keratinocyte apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation within the HF epithelium, and premature HF regression (catagen induction). Intriguingly, most of these effects can be abrogated by treatment of stressed mice with SP-receptor neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1) antagonists or NGF-neutralizing antibodies , as well as, surprisingly, by topical minoxidil. Thus there is now solid in vivo -evidence for the existence of a defined brain- HF axis. This axis can be utilized by psychoemotional and other stressors to prematurely terminate hair growth. Stress-induced hair growth inhibition can therefore serve as a highly instructive model for exploring the brain-skin connection and provides a unique experimental model for dissecting general principles of skin neuroendocrinology and neuroimmunology well beyond the HF. [source] Influence of prostaglandin F2, and its analogues on hair regrowth and follicular melanogenesis in a murine modelEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2005S. Sasaki Abstract:, Latanoprost and isopropyl unoprostone, which are analogues of prostaglandin F2, (PGF2,), are promising drugs for the reduction of intra-ocular pressure. However, they have been reported to have side effects, including hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation of the eyelashes and periocular skin, and occasionally poliosis. In order to investigate these effects further, PGF2,, latanoprost and isopropyl unoprostone were applied to the dorsal skin of 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice, and hair length was measured during the treatment. The three molecules all showed stimulatory effects on the murine hair follicles and the follicular melanocytes in both the telogen and anagen stages, and stimulated conversion from the telogen to the anagen phase. PGE2 is known to act synergistically with PGF2,, and hence the influence of PGE2 was also examined. PGE2 did not induce distinct telogen-to-anagen conversion, but showed moderate growth stimulatory effects on early anagen hair follicles. In addition, we observed a case of hypertrichosis and trichomegaly with an excess of melanogenesis, leading to the emergence of white hair, suggesting that poliosis can occur as a side effect of eye treatment with solutions of PGF2, analogues. The stimulatory effects of PGF2,and PGE2 on hair growth have been discussed with regard to the role of protein kinase C and mast cells. [source] Androgen action on human skin , from basic research to clinical significanceEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2004Christos C. Zouboulis Abstract:, Androgens affect several functions of the human skin, such as sebaceous gland growth and differentiation, hair growth, epidermal barrier homeostasis and wound healing. Their effects are mediated by binding to nuclear androgen receptors. Androgen activation and deactivation are mainly intracellular events. They differ from cell type to cell type and between cells at different locations. The major circulating androgens, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and androstenedione, are predominantly produced in the adrenal glands, and testosterone and 5,-dihydrotestosterone are mainly synthesized in the gonads. Testosterone in women and 5,-dihydrotestosterone in both genders are also synthesized in the skin. Skin cells express all androgen metabolizing enzymes required for the independent cutaneous synthesis of androgens and the development of hyperandrogenism-associated conditions and diseases, such as seborrhea, acne, hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia. The major thrust of drug design for the treatment of androgen-associated disorders has been directed against several levels of androgen function and metabolism. Partial effectiveness has only been achieved either by androgen depletion, inhibition of androgen metabolism or blockade of the androgen receptor. [source] In vitro interactions between sensory nerves, epidermis, hair follicles and capillaries in a tissue-engineered reconstructed skinEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 9 2004V. Gagnon Recent findings have established that cutaneous nerves modulate both skin homeostasis and various skin diseases, by influencing cell growth and differentiation, inflammation and wound healing. In order to study the influence of epidermis, hair follicles and capillaries on sensory neurons, and vice-versa, we developed a tissue-engineered model of innervated endothelialized reconstructed skin (MIERS). Mouse dorsal root ganglia neurons were seeded on a collagen sponge populated with human fibroblasts and human endothelial cells. Keratinocytes or mice newborn immature hair follicle buds were then seeded on the opposite side of the MIERS to study their influence on sensory nerves growth, and vice versa. A vigorous neurite elongation was detected inside the reconstructed dermis after 14 and 31 days of neurons culture. The presence of endothelial cells induced a significant increase of the neurite elongation after 14 days of culture. The addition of human keratinocytes totally avoided the twofold decrease in the amount of neurites observed between 14 and 31 days in controls. We have successfully developed the MIERS that allowed us to study the effects of epidermis and capillaries on nerve growth. This model will be a useful tool to study the modulation of sensory nerves on wound healing, angiogenesis, hair growth and neurogenic inflammation in the skin. [source] Trans-species hair growth induction by human hair follicle dermal papillaeEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2001C. A. B. Jahoda Abstract: A series of experimental bioassays has shown that the dermal papilla of the adult rodent vibrissa hair follicle retains unique inductive properties. In view of the many phenotypic and functional differences between specific hair follicle types, and the growing interest in hair follicle biology and disease, it remains important to establish that the human hair follicle dermal papilla has equivalent capabilities. In this study we tested the ability of human hair follicle papillae to induce hair growth when implanted into transected, athymic mouse vibrissa follicles. The implanted papillae that interacted with mouse follicle epithelium created new fibre-producing follicle end bulbs. The origin of the papillae in the recombinant structures was confirmed using laser capture microdissection and human specific gender determination by PCR. The demonstration that intact adult human dermal papillae can induce hair growth has implications for molecular analysis of basic hair growth mechanisms, particularly since the study involved common epithelial,mesenchymal signalling and recognition properties across species. It also improves the prospects for a cell-based clinical approach to hair follicle disorders. [source] Expression of MsPG3-GFP fusions in Medicago truncatula,hairy roots' reveals preferential tip localization of the protein in root hairsFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 2 2003Ignacio D. Rodríguez-Llorente Tip growth is a specialized type of polar growth where new cell wall is deposited in a localized region of the cell, the growing tip. These cells show a characteristic zonation, with a high accumulation of secretory vesicles containing cell wall components at the tip, followed by an organelle-enriched zone. MsPG3 is a Medicago sativa polygalacturonase gene isolated in our laboratory, specifically expressed during the interaction of this plant with its symbiotic partner Sinorhizobium meliloti and which might participate in tip growth processes during symbiosis. We have used MsPG3-GFP fusions to study in vivo protein transport processes and localization during root hair growth. Different MsPG3-GFP fusions were expressed in Medicago truncatula,hairy roots' following a protocol developed for this study and also tested by transient expression in onion epidermal cells. Preferential accumulation of an MsPG3-GFP fusion protein in the tip of the growing root hair at different developmental stages was found, confirming the delivery of MsPG3 to the newly synthesized cell wall. This indicates that this protein may participate in tip growth processes during symbiosis and, in addition, that this fusion could be a useful tool to study this process in plants. [source] The CAG repeat polymorphism within the androgen receptor gene and maleness,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, Issue 2 2003Michael Zitzmann Summary The androgen testosterone and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone exert their effects on gene expression and thus effect maleness via the androgen receptor (AR). A diverse range of clinical conditions starting with complete androgen insensitivity has been correlated with mutations in the AR. Subtle modulations of the transcriptional activity induced by the AR have also been observed and frequently assigned to a polyglutamine stretch of variable length within the N-terminal domain of the receptor. This stretch is encoded by a variable number of CAG triplets in exon 1 of the AR gene located on the X chromosome. First observations of pathologically elongated AR CAG repeats in patients with X-linked spino-bulbar muscular atrophy showing marked hypoandrogenic traits were supplemented by partially conflicting findings of statistical significance also within the normal range of CAG repeat length: an involvement of prostate tissue, spermatogenesis, bone density, hair growth, cardiovascular risk factors and psychological factors has been demonstrated. The highly polymorphic nature of glutamine residues within the AR protein implies a subtle gradation of androgenicity among individuals within an environment of normal testosterone levels providing relevant ligand binding to ARs. This modulation of androgen effects may be small but continuously present during a man's lifetime and, hence, exerts effects that are measurable in many tissues as various degrees of androgenicity and represents a relevant effector of maleness. It remains to be elucidated whether these insights are important enough to become part of individually useful laboratory assessments. [source] 6-O glucose linoleate supports in vitro human hair growth and lipid synthesisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 2 2007P. Vingler Synopsis The hair follicle is a very active organ with a complex structure, which produces a hair fibre at a rate of 0.3 mm a day. Accordingly, the hair follicle is highly demanding in energy source, as the hair bulb matrix cells are endowed with one of the highest rates of proliferation in the human body. Moreover, recent data have shown the involvement of lipids in hair follicle function. As in vitro -grown hair follicle keeps producing a hair fibre that closely resembles the natural hair fibre, we decided to use this model to investigate the role of a new of glucose linoleate derivative (6-O-linoleyl- d -glucose: 6-O-GL) as a lipid precursor and energy provider. Our results demonstrated that 6-O-GL was (i) quite stable and surprisingly resistant to oxidative degradation, and (ii) readily taken up and metabolized by the hair follicle into various lipids, namely neutral lipids, ceramides and polar lipids. Moreover, it supported hair follicle growth and survival in a glucose- and linoleic-acid free medium. 6-O-GL thus appeared to be a bi-functional nutrient, ensuring both proper fibre quality and production by the hair follicle. Résumé Le follicule pileux est un organe très actif et d'une structure très complexe, qui produit la tige pilaire au rythme de 0.3 mm par jour. En conséquence, le follicule pileux est très demandeur en ressources énergétiques, les cellules de la matrice bulbaire ayant un des taux de prolifération les plus élevé de l'organisme. De plus des études récentes ont mis en évidence le rôle de lipides dans le fonctionnement du follicule pileux. Puisque le follicule pileux in vitro continue à produire une fibre de qualité identique à celle d'une fibre naturelle, nous avons décidé d'utiliser ce modèle pour étudier le rôle d'un nouveau linoléate de glucose (6-O-linoleyl- d -glucose: 6-O-GL) en tant que précurseur lipidique et source d'énergie. Nos résultats démontrent que le 6-O-GL est très stable et étonnamment résistant à l'auto oxydation, qu'il est capté et métabolisé par le follicule pileux en divers lipides, neutres, polaires et céramides. De plus, le 6-O-GL soutient la croissance et la survie du follicule dans un milieu dépourvu de glucose et d'acide linoléique. Le 6-O-GL apparaît donc comme un agent bi-fonctionnel, permettant au follicule pileux de maintenir in vitro la production de la tige pilaire. [source] Use of image analysis techniques for objective quantification of the efficacy of different hair removal methodsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 2 2007S. Bielfeldt In the field of consumer-used cosmetics for hair removal and hair growth reduction, there is a need for improved quantitative methods to enable the evaluation of efficacy and claim support. Optimized study designs and investigated endpoints are lacking to compare the efficacy of standard methods, like shaving or plucking, with new methods and products, such as depilating instruments or hair-growth-reducing cosmetics. Non-invasive image analysis, using a high-performance microscope combined with an optimized image analysis tool, was investigated to assess hair growth. In one step, high-resolution macrophotographs of the legs of female volunteers after shaving and plucking with cold wax were compared to observe short-term hair regrowth. In a second step, images obtained after plucking with cold wax were taken over a long-term period to assess the time, after which depilated hairs reappeared on the skin surface. Using image analysis, parameters like hair length, hair width, and hair projection area were investigated. The projection area was found to be the parameter most independent of possible image artifacts such as irregularities in skin or low contrast due to hair color. Therefore, the hair projection area was the most appropriate parameter to determine the time of hair regrowth. This point of time is suitable to assess the efficacy of different hair removal methods or hair growth reduction treatments by comparing the endpoint after use of the hair removal method to be investigated to the endpoint after simple shaving. The closeness of hair removal and visible signs of skin irritation can be assessed as additional quantitative parameters from the same images. Discomfort and pain rating by the volunteers complete the set of parameters, which are required to benchmark a new hair removal method or hair-growth-reduction treatment. Image analysis combined with high-resolution imaging techniques is a powerful tool to objectively assess parameters like hair length, hair width, and projection area. To achieve reliable data and to reduce well known image-analysis artifacts, it was important to optimize the technical equipment for use on human skin and to improve image analysis by adaptation of the image-processing procedure to the different skin characteristics of individuals, like skin color, hair color, and skin structure. [source] Hair biology: an updateINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 1 2002B. A. Bernard Synopsis In the past few years, the hair follicle has started revealing its beauty and mysteries. The existence of a growth and regeneration cycle, together with a unique tissue organization and complex regulatory network, make it a true paradigm of tissue homeostasis and dermal,epithelial crosstalk. In this brief review, I will describe some of the most recent results obtained in this very active research field of hair biology, underlining the diversity of the molecular signals that control hair growth and pigmentation. Résumé Au cours des dernières années, le follicule pileux a commencéà révéler sa beauté et ses mystères. L'existence d'un cycle de croissance et de régénération, d'une organization tissulaire unique et d'un circuit complexe de régulation désigne le follicule pileux comme un paradigme d'homéostasie tissulaire et d'interactions dermo,épithéliales. Dans cette courte revue, je décris quelques uns des résultats récemment obtenus dans ce domaine de recherche très actif, en soulignant l'extrême diversité des signaux moléculaires qui contrôlent la croissance du cheveu et sa pigmentation. [source] ,-Difluoromethylornithine, a polyamine inhibitor: its potential role in controlling hair growth and in cancer treatment and chemo-preventionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2006Kathleen J. Smith MD First page of article [source] Decapeptide with fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-5 partial sequence inhibits hair growth suppressing activity of FGF-5JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Chikako Ito Earlier studies demonstrated that knock-out of fibroblast growth factor-5 gene (Fgf-5) prolonged anagen VI phase of hair cycle, resulting long hairs in the mice. We showed the activities on hair growth of the two Fgf-5 gene products, one of which, FGF-5 suppressed hair growth by inhibiting anagen proceeding and inducing the transition from anagen to catagen, and FGF-5S, a shorter polypeptide with FGF-5-antagonizing activity translated from alternatively spliced mRNA, suppressed this activity of FGF-5. As the results suggested that FGF-5 antagonist would increase hair growth, we synthesized various peptides having partial sequences of human FGF-5 and FGF-5S and determined their FGF-5 antagonist activity. Among them, a decapeptide designated P3 (95-VGIGFHLQIY-104) that aligns with receptor binding sites of FGF-1 and FGF-2 suppressed FGF-5-induced proliferation of BALB/3T3 A31 and NIH/3T3 murine fibroblasts, and FGF receptor-1c (FGFR-1c)-transfected Ba/F3 cell line (FR-Ba/F3 cells). IC50s of this peptide on these cell proliferations were 64, 28, 146 ,M, respectively. On the other hand, IC50 of this peptide on binding of FGF-5 to the FGFR-1(IIIc)/Fc chimera was 483 ,M. Examination in dorsal depilated mice revealed that the P3 peptide reduced the activity of FGF-5 to recover hair pigmentation and hair follicle lengths. The classification of histologically observed skin sections showed FGF-5-induced delations of anagen procedure had reduced by the P3 peptide. The anti-Ki67 antibody staining of hair follicles was inhibited by administration of FGF-5, and this inhibition by FGF-5 was recovered by administration of the P3 peptide. The P3 peptide alone did not affect hair follicle length and hair cell proliferation. These results indicate that the decapeptide antagonized FGF-5 activity in vivo, and reduced the inhibition of FGF-5 in hair growth, confirming that FGF-5 inhibitors are promising substances against hair loss and/or for promoting hair growth. J. Cell. Physiol. 197: 272,283, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Coat condition, housing condition and measurement of faecal cortisol metabolites , a non-invasive study about alopecia in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Hanspeter W. Steinmetz Abstract Background, Previous studies have characterized alopecia in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) by a mixed partial to complete alopecia in a bilateral symmetric pattern. Methods, In this study, coat condition assessments were related to exogenous and endogenous factors in captive rhesus macaques under different housing conditions in order to identify disturbances in environmental factors controlling or influencing hair growth. Additionally, the degree of alopecia was investigated in relation to adrenal endocrine function as an indicator of social stress using faecal glucocorticoid measurements. Results, Hair loss was found to vary with season and sex, was most pronounced in adult females during the winter and spring months. Generally, infants were not affected, but alopecia developed during adolescence. However, the housing system, available enclosure space and variations in group size and composition also appeared to influence coat condition. Levels of immunoreactive cortisol metabolites (11-oxoetiocholanolone) in faeces were significantly negatively correlated with alopecia, suggesting a relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and hair loss in captive rhesus macaques. Conclusions, Although the present study demonstrates the influence of the HPA axis on coat condition, it is not known if hair loss is caused by abnormal behaviour or hormonal imbalances of the HPA axis itself. Our data suggest that alopecia in rhesus macaques is a highly complex multicausal disorder. [source] Capillary gas-chromatographic determination of spermidine in hair lotionJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 9 2006Veniero Gambaro Abstract Biogenic polyamines, such as spermidine (SPD, NH2,(CH2)4,NH,(CH2)3,NH2), are ubiquitous polycationic molecules which play a definitive role in many biological processes such as nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell growth. SPD is commonly used as an ingredient in hair lotions, because it seems to promote hair growth. This work describes a capillary GC method for quantitative determination of SPD in hair lotions using 1,6-diaminohexane as internal standard, a methyl silicone capillary column, and a flame ionisation detector. Aliquots of hair lotion were treated with an alkaline aqueous solution and internal standard was added. The emulsion was extracted with diethyl ether containing ethyl chloroformate. Ether extracts, evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in ethyl acetate, were analysed by capillary GC with flame ionisation detection. Validation took into account the specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy of the analytical method: these parameters were valid for the quantitative determination of SPD in hair lotion. [source] Evidence-based review of hair removal using lasers and light sourcesJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 1 2006M Haedersdal Abstract Background, Unwanted hair growth remains a therapeutic challenge and there is a considerable need for an effective and safe treatment modality. Objective, From an evidence-based view to summarize efficacy and adverse effects from hair removal with ruby, alexandrite, diode, and Nd:YAG lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL). Methods, Original publications of controlled clinical trials were identified in Medline and the Cochrane Library. Results, A total of 9 randomized controlled (RCTs) and 21 controlled trials (CTs) were identified. The best available evidence was found for the alexandrite (three RCTs, eight CTs) and diode (three RCTs, four CTs) lasers, followed by the ruby (two RCTs, six CTs) and Nd:YAG (two RCTs, four CTs) lasers, whereas limited evidence was available for IPL sources (one RCT, one CT). Based on the present best available evidence we conclude that (i) epilation with lasers and light sources induces a partial short-term hair reduction up to 6 months postoperatively, (ii) efficacy is improved when repeated treatments are given, (iii) efficacy is superior to conventional treatments (shaving, wax epilation, electrolysis), (iv) evidence exists for a partial long-term hair removal efficacy beyond 6 months postoperatively after repetitive treatments with alexandrite and diode lasers and probably after treatment with ruby and Nd:YAG lasers, whereas evidence is lacking for long-term hair removal after IPL treatment, (v) today there is no evidence for a complete and persistent hair removal efficacy, (vi) the occurrence of postoperative side-effects is reported low for all the laser systems. Conclusion, The evidence from controlled clinical trials favours the use of lasers and light sources for removal of unwanted hair. We recommend that patients are pre-operatively informed of the expected treatment outcome. [source] Hypertrichosis in females applying minoxidil topical solution and in normal controlsJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2003RPR Dawber ABSTRACT Background, Hypertrichosis has been reported more frequently in females than in males who use minoxidil topical solution (MTS) for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). This article examines the occurrence of MTS-induced hypertrichosis in females. Methods, Data from placebo-controlled clinical trials in females (up to 5% MTS) were analysed based on spontaneous reports of hypertrichosis/facial hair and investigators' inquiries (solicited) about the presence of any new hair growth on body parts other than the scalp. A postmarketing drug surveillance database for MTS was also examined for reports of hypertrichosis/facial hair. Results, In the clinical trials involving a total of 1333 females, spontaneous reports of hypertrichosis/facial hair were noted for 50 (4%) females in a dose-related pattern of response (5% MTS > 2% MTS > placebo). Nine females (seven and two in the 5% MTS and 2% MTS groups, respectively) discontinued treatment because of hypertrichosis/facial hair. Solicited reports of excessive hair growth (primarily facial) also showed a dose-related pattern of response. Post-marketing data showed a lower occurrence (0.5%) of hypertrichosis/facial hair than in the clinical trials. Of interest, in one clinical trial, 27% of the females enrolled (MTS and placebo treated) had facial hair growth reported at baseline. Conclusions, Females with some hirsutism are particularly prone to seek treatment for AGA, and this may explain the high occurrence of hypertrichosis/facial hair found in the MTS clinical trials. Furthermore, some demographic groups of females are prone to develop facial hair and the problem of unwanted facial hair growth seems to be underestimated. Some females may have hair follicles that are very sensitive to MTS and should use the lowest strength of MTS (2%) to help avoid unwanted hair growth. The hypertrichotic effect of MTS on other sites than the scalp, including the face, is reversible and does not always require discontinuation of therapy. [source] Intense pulsed light (IPL): A reviewLASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 2 2010Philipp Babilas MD Abstract Background Intense pulsed light (IPL) devices use flashlamps and bandpass filters to emit polychromatic incoherent high-intensity pulsed light of determined wavelength spectrum, fluence, and pulse duration. Similar to lasers, the basic principle of IPL devices is a more or less selective thermal damage of the target. The combination of prescribed wavelengths, fluences, pulse durations, and pulse intervals facilitates the treatment of a wide spectrum of skin conditions. Objective To summarize the physics of IPL, to provide guidance for the practical use of IPL devices, and to discuss the current literature on IPL in the treatment of unwanted hair growth, vascular lesions, pigmented lesions, acne vulgaris, and photodamaged skin and as a light source for PDT and skin rejuvenation. Methods A systematic search of several electronic databases, including Medline and PubMed and the authors experience on intense pulsed light. Results Numerous trials show the effectiveness and compatibility of IPL devices. Conclusion Most comparative trials attest IPLs similar effectiveness to lasers (level of evidence: 2b to 4, depending on the indication). However, large controlled and blinded comparative trials with an extended follow-up period are necessary. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:93,104, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Time-specific occurrence of alopecia in neonatal C57BL mice treated with N -methyl- N -nitrosourea and the therapeutic efficacy of tacrolimus hydratePATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2000Katsuhiko Yoshizawa Abstract Alopecia was induced in male and female neonatal C57BL mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg N -methyl- N -nitrosourea (MNU). MNU administration was most effective in the 8-day-old mice and less effective in the 5-day-old mice (at active and early anagen stages of the first hair cycle, respectively). No alopecia was seen in the day 14 MNU-treated animals (at telogen stage of the first hair cycle). MNU effectively induced hair follicular cell apoptosis at the anagen stage by up-regulation of Bax protein without down-modulation of Bcl-2 protein. In day 8 MNU-treated mice, the immunosuppressive agent 0.01% tacrolimus hydrate (FK506), when topically applied for 5 days from 1 day after MNU treatment (before the occurrence of alopecia), decreased the severity of alopecia. However, it did not stimulate hair growth when applied for 5 days from 20 days of age (after occurrence of alopecia). [source] Randomized clinical trial comparing 5% and 1% topical minoxidil for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in Japanese menTHE JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 8 2009Ryoji TSUBOI Abstract Minoxidil is efficacious in inducing hair growth in patients with androgenetic alopecia by inducing hair follicles to undergo transition from the early to late anagen phase. Although the efficacy of 1% topical minoxidil has been confirmed in Japan, no controlled study of 5% topical minoxidil has been conducted using male Japanese subjects. The objective of this trial was to verify the superiority in clinical efficacy of 5% topical minoxidil to 1% topical minoxidil in a double-blind controlled study with male, Japanese androgenetic alopecia patients as the subjects. The trial included 300 Japanese male patients aged 20 years or older with androgenetic alopecia who were administered either 5% topical minoxidil (n = 150) or 1% topical minoxidil (n = 150) for 24 weeks. The mean change from the baseline in non-vellus hair/cm2, the primary efficacy variable, was 26.4 (n = 142) in the 5% topical minoxidil group and 21.2 (n = 144) in the 1% topical minoxidil group at 16 weeks, the main time point for the evaluation. The difference between the groups was significant (P = 0.020). The incidence of adverse events was 8.7% (13/150) in the 5% group and 5.3% (8/150) in the 1% group, with no significant difference between the groups (,2 -test: P = 0.258). Our findings confirmed the superiority of 5% topical minoxidil to 1% topical minoxidil in treating Japanese men with androgenetic alopecia. [source] Adenosine increases anagen hair growth and thick hairs in Japanese women with female pattern hair loss: A pilot, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trialTHE JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 12 2008Hajimu OURA ABSTRACT Adenosine upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-7 in cultured dermal papilla cells. It has been shown that, in Japanese men, adenosine improves androgenetic alopecia due to the thickening of thin hair due to hair follicle miniaturization. To investigate the efficacy and safety of adenosine treatment to improve hair loss in women, 30 Japanese women with female pattern hair loss were recruited for this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Volunteers used either 0.75% adenosine lotion or a placebo lotion topically twice daily for 12 months. Efficacy was evaluated by dermatologists and by investigators and in phototrichograms. As a result, adenosine was significantly superior to the placebo according to assessments by dermatologists and investigators and by self-assessments. Adenosine significantly increased the anagen hair growth rate and the thick hair rate. No side-effects were encountered during the trial. Adenosine improved hair loss in Japanese women by stimulating hair growth and by thickening hair shafts. Adenosine is useful for treating female pattern hair loss in women as well as androgenetic alopecia in men. [source] | ||||||||||||||||