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H Blood Pressure (h + blood_pressure)
Selected AbstractsTwenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure in a population of elderly menJOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2000K. Björklund Abstract. Björklund K, Lind L, Lithell H (University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden). Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure in a population of elderly men. J Intern Med 2000; 248: 503,512. Objectives. The principal aim was to study ambulatory and office blood pressure in a population of elderly men. We also wanted to describe the prevalence of hypertension and investigate the blood pressure control in treated elderly hypertensives. Design. A cross-sectional study of a population of elderly men, conducted between 1991 and 1995. Subjects. Seventy-year-old men (n = 1060), participants of a cohort study that began in 1970. Main outcome measures. Office and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure. Results. Average 24 h blood pressure in the population was 133 ± 16/75 ± 8 mmHg, and daytime blood pressure 140 ± 16/80 ± 9 mmHg. Corresponding values in untreated subjects (n = 685) were 131 ± 16/74 ± 7 and 139 ± 16/79 ± 8, respectively. An office recording of 140/90 mmHg corresponded to an ambulatory pressure of 130/78 (24 h) and 137/83 mmHg (daytime) in untreated subjects. In subjects identified as normotensives according to office blood pressure (n = 270), the 95th percentiles of average 24 h and daytime blood pressures were 142/80 and 153/85 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, defined as office blood pressure , 140/90 mmHg, was 66%. Despite treatment, treated hypertensives (n = 285) showed higher office (157/89 vs. 127/76 mmHg) and 24 h ambulatory (138/78 vs. 122/71 mmHg) pressures than normotensives (P < 0.05). Fourteen per cent of the treated hypertensives had an office blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg. Conclusions. Our results provide a basis for 24 h ambulatory blood pressure reference values in elderly men. The study confirms previous findings of a high prevalence of hypertension at older age. It also indicates that blood pressure is inadequately controlled in elderly treated hypertensives. [source] Autonomic dysfunction in unselected and untreated primary open angle glaucoma patients: a pilot studyOPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, Issue 4 2007Doina Gherghel Abstract Purpose:, To investigate the presence of silent cardiac ischaemic episodes and the status of autonomic function in consecutive, newly diagnosed and untreated primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods:, Twenty-four consecutively diagnosed glaucoma patients and 22 age-matched controls were subjected to ambulatory 24-h blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring by using Cardiotens-01 (Meditech Ltd). Based on the ECG recordings, heart rate variability (HRV) frequency domain parameters [low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF) and LF/HF ratio] were calculated and analysed in the two study groups. Results:, Glaucoma patients demonstrated higher LF and LF/HF values than normal subjects for both the active period (p = 0.020 and 0.029) and the passive period (p = 0.044 and 0.049 respectively). HRV parameters were similar in patients and controls suffering from silent cardiac ischaemia (p > 0.05); however, glaucoma patients with normal ECG demonstrated higher LF and LF/HF values during the active period of the 24-h measurement period than control subjects characterized by the same cardiac activity (p = 0.010 and 0.021 respectively). Conclusion:, Independent of a history and/or clinical signs of cardiovascular disease, glaucoma patients exhibit abnormal autonomic function. [source] Clinical and Experimental Aspects of Olmesartan Medoxomil, a New Angiotensin II Receptor AntagonistCARDIOVASCULAR THERAPEUTICS, Issue 4 2004Kazunori Yoshida ABSTRACT Olmesartan medoxomil is a new orally active angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor antagonist. It is a prodrug and is rapidly de-esterified during absorption to form olmesartan, the active metabolite. Olmesartan is a potent, competitive and selective Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist. Olmesartan is not metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 and has a dual route of elimination, by kidneys and liver. In patients with essential hypertension olmesartan medoxomil administered once daily at doses of 10,80 mg dose-dependently reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Troughto-peak ratios for both DBP and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were above 50%. At the recommended once-daily starting doses, olmesartan medoxomil (20 mg) was more effective than losartan (50 mg), valsartan (80 mg) or irbesartan (150 mg) in reducing cuff DBP in patients with essential hypertension. The results of cuff SBP and mean 24-h DBP and SBP were similar to those of cuff DBP measurement. In mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients the recommended starting dose of olmesartan medoxomil was as effective as that of amlodipine besylate (5 mg/day) in reducing both cuff and 24-h blood pressure. In lowering DBP olmesartan medoxomil, at 10,20 mg/day, was as effective as atenolol at 50,100 mg/day. In mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients, olmesartan medoxomil, at 5,20 mg once daily, was more effective than captopril at 12.5,50 mg twice daily. At 20,40 mg once daily olmesartan medoxomil was as effective as felodipine, at 5,10 mg once daily. Olmesartan medoxomil has minimal adverse effects with no clinically important drug interactions. Animal studies have shown that olmesartan medoxomil provides a wide range of organ protection. Olmesartan medoxomil ameliorated atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animals and ameliorated cardiac remodeling and improved survival in rats with myocardial infarction. Olmesartan medoxomil has renoprotective effects in a remnant kidney model and type 2 diabetes models. Future investigation should reveal whether these beneficial effects of olmesartan medoxomil are applicable to human diseases. [source] Heart rate variability and its determinants in patients with severe or mild essential hypertensionCLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING, Issue 5 2001Hanna Mussalo How cardiac autonomic nervous control is related to the severity of essential hypertension in patients receiving long-term antihypertensive therapy is not well known. The aim of this study was to examine heart rate variability (HRV), a non-invasive measure of cardiac autonomic function, in patients with long-term and medically treated mild and severe essential hypertension and healthy control subjects, and to assess the clinical determinants of HRV in these patients. Thirty-four patients with severe essential hypertension (SEHT) and 29 with mild essential hypertension (MEHT) as well as healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects were studied. HRV was assessed from 10 min ECG-recordings during paced (0·2 Hz) breathing at rest and expressed as time and frequency domain measures. In the SEHT group time (SDNN, RMSSD) and frequency domain measures (total power, low-frequency (LF) power and high-frequency (HF) power of HRV in absolute units, and LF and HF power of HRV in normalized units) of HRV were significantly lower when compared with those of the control group. The MEHT and control groups did not differ from each other with respect to time or frequency domain measures of HRV. Comparison between the hypertensive groups showed that SDNN, total power, LF power and HF power were lower in the SEHT group compared with the MEHT group (P<0·05 for all). Among hypertensive patients RR-interval, age, gender, systolic finger blood pressure and diastolic office blood pressure as well as 24-h blood pressure were significant determinants of HRV. In conclusion, we found that the severity of chronic essential hypertension seems to be related to the severity of impairment of cardiac autonomic control. [source] | ||||||||||