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Gut Damage (gut + damage)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Paradox of simultaneous intestinal ischaemia and hyperaemia in inflammatory bowel disease

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 10 2005
O. A. Hatoum
Abstract This review has focused on evidence regarding intestinal perfusion of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Basic investigation has defined an altered microvascular anatomy in the affected IBD bowel, which corresponds with diminished mucosal perfusion in the setting of chronic, long-standing inflammation. Diminished perfusion is linked to impaired wound healing, and may contribute to the continued refractory mucosal damage, which characterizes IBD. Alterations in vascular anatomy and physiology in IBD suggests additional possible mechanisms by which micro-vessels may contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of IBD. This begs the following questions: will angiogenesis within the gut lead to sustained inflammation, does the growing vasculature generate factors that transform the surrounding tissue and does angiogenesis generate vascular anastomosis within the gut, with shunting of blood away from the mucosal surface, impairment of metabolism and potentiation of gut damage? Further studies are required to define the mechanisms that underlie the vascular dysfunction and its role in pathophysiology of IBD. [source]

Effectiveness of porto-intracaval shunt to reduce the negative effects of portal and caval clamping in the rabbit

MICROSURGERY, Issue 4 2001
Gaetano La Greca M.D., Ph.D.
In performing experimental liver surgery, it is difficult to prolong anhepatic time because the animals do not tolerate prolonged portal and caval clamping. To counteract prolonged venous stasis, the authors previously developed a simple porto-intracaval shunt. The shunt consists of a self-constructed inverted Y silicone tube. The effectiveness of this shunt was studied comparing two groups of 10 rabbits with shunt (S) versus those with clamped portal and inferior caval vein (C). In the group of rabbits that underwent porto-intracaval shunt, the results concerning intraoperative mortality, intraoperative increase in distal portal vein pressure, and incidence of the histologic signs of gut damage were clearly improved. The proposed porto-intracaval shunt was therefore effective in reducing some principal negative effects of portal and caval clamping. This type of porto-intracaval shunt can be therefore useful allowing improvement of experimental models concerning liver surgery in little animals. In chirurgia sperimentale del fegato è difficile prolungare il tempo anepatico dato che gli animali non tollerano un clampaggio portale e cavale prolungato. Gli Autori hanno precedentemente sviluppato un semplice shunt porto-intracavale con l'intento di ovviare alla stasi venosa prolungata. Lo shunt è costituito da un tubo di silicone a forma di Y invertita. Nel presente studio viene analizzata l'efficacia di questo shunt confrontando un gruppo di dieci conigli con shunt (S) rispetto al gruppo sottoposto invece al clampaggio della vena porta e della vena cava inferiore (C). I risultati riguardo mortalità intraoperatoria, incremento intraoperatorio della pressione portale distale e presenza e distribuzione di segni istologici di danno intestinale sono chiaramente migliori nel gruppo con shunt intra-porto cavale. Lo shunt porto-intracavale proposto è risultato realmente efficace nel ridurre alcuni dei principali effetti negativi del clampaggio portale e cavale. Questo tipo di shunt porto-intra cavale può essere quindi utile per migliorare le possibilità e i modelli di chirurgia sperimentale del fegato nei piccoli animali. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:179,182 2001 [source]

Monitoring myeloablative therapy-induced small bowel toxicity by serum citrulline concentration

CANCER, Issue 1 2005
A comparison with sugar permeability tests
Abstract BACKGROUND Intestinal mucositis is an important cause of cancer treatment-related morbidity and mortality, carrying a serious economic burden. Currently, objective parameters are lacking that would enable the monitoring of gut damage in routine clinical practice, thus hindering the development of clinical studies designed to investigate potential new strategies aimed at reducing or preventing this side effect. The authors investigated the characteristics of serum citrulline concentration compared with sugar permeability tests with respect to its use as a marker for cancer treatment-induced small bowel injury. METHODS In this prospective study, 10 patients with hematologic malignancies who were receiving myeloablative therapy had gut toxicity assessed with sugar permeability tests. Serum citrulline concentrations also were determined using archival serum samples. The association between both parameters and their respective characteristics were analyzed and compared with data from the literature. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity were better for the citrulline assay compared with sugar permeability tests. Maximum gut damage assessed with the citrulline assay was observed 1,2 weeks earlier compared with the sugar permeability test. Similarly, citrulline indicated recovery of gut damage at 3 weeks after transplantation, whereas most sugar permeability tests remained abnormal. CONCLUSIONS The simplicity of the method, the low costs, and the lack of drawbacks to the method make the citrulline assay the first choice for measuring and monitoring treatment-related gut damage and provides an objective parameter for cancer treatment-related gut toxicity. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society. [source]