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Growing Demand (growing + demand)
Selected AbstractsHealth Care Supply Chain Design: Toward Linking the Development and Delivery of Care Globally,DECISION SCIENCES, Issue 2 2009Kingshuk K. Sinha ABSTRACT This article is motivated by the gap between the growing demand and available supply of high-quality, cost-effective, and timely health care, a problem faced not only by developing and underdeveloped countries but also by developed countries. The significance of this problem is heightened when the economy is in recession. In an attempt to address the problem, in this article, first, we conceptualize care as a bundle of goods, services, and experiences,including diet and exercise, drugs, devices, invasive procedures, new biologics, travel and lodging, and payment and reimbursement. We then adopt a macro, end-to-end, supply chain,centric view of the health care sector to link the development of care with the delivery of care. This macro, supply chain,centric view sheds light on the interdependencies between key industries from the upstream to the downstream of the health care supply chain. We propose a framework, the 3A-framework, that is founded on three constructs,affordability, access, and awareness,to inform the design of supply chain for the health care sector. We present an illustrative example of the framework toward designing the supply chain for implantable device,based care for cardiovascular diseases in developing countries. Specifically, the framework provides a lens for identifying an integrated system of continuous improvement and innovation initiatives relevant to bridging the gap between the demand and supply for high-quality, cost-effective, and timely care. Finally, we delineate directions of future research that are anchored in and follow from the developments documented in the article. [source] Private Provision of Infrastructure in Emerging Markets: Do Institutions Matter?DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 2 2006Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee Governments in developing countries have encouraged private sector investment to meet the growing demand for infrastructure. According to institutional theory, the role of institutions is paramount in private sector development. A longitudinal dataset of 40 developing economies between 1990 and 2000 is used to test empirically how different institutional structures affect private investment in infrastructure, in particular its volume and frequency. The results indicate that property rights and bureaucratic quality play a significant role in promoting private infrastructure investment. Interestingly, they also suggest that countries with higher levels of corruption attract greater private participation in infrastructure. [source] Microbiological and Sensorial Quality Assessment of Ready-to-Cook Seafood Products Packaged under Modified AtmosphereJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 9 2009B. Speranza ABSTRACT:, The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (30:40:30 O2:CO2:N2 and 5:95 O2:CO2) on the quality of 4 ready-to-cook seafood products were studied. In particular, the investigation was carried out on hake fillets, yellow gurnard fillets, chub mackerel fillets, and entire eviscerated cuttlefish. Quality assessment was based on microbiological and sensorial indices determination. Both packaging gas mixtures contributed to a considerable slowing down of the microbial and sensorial quality loss of the investigated seafood products. Results showed that sensorial quality was the subindex that limited their shelf life. In fact, based primarily on microbiological results, samples under MAP remained acceptable up to the end of storage (that is, 14 d), regardless of fish specie. On the other hand, results from sensory analyses showed that chub mackerel fillets in MAP were acceptable up to the 6th storage d, whilst hake fillets, yellow gurnard fillets, and entire cuttlefish became unacceptable after 10 to 11 d. However, compared to control samples, an increase in the sensorial shelf life of MAP samples (ranging from about 95% to 250%) was always recorded. Practical Application: Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is an inexpensive and uncomplicated method of extending shelf life of packed seafood. It could gain great attention from the fish industrial sector due to the fact that MAP is a practical and economic technique, realizable by small technical expedients. Moreover, there is great attention from the food industry and retailers to react to the growing demand for convenience food, thus promoting an increase in the assortments of ready-to-cook seafood products. [source] Day surgery in Finland: a prospective cohort study of 14 day-surgery unitsACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2009K. MATTILA Background: Day surgery is an established practice for elective operative care, and is considered safe and cost-effective in several procedures and for several patients. At present, day-surgery accounts for approximately 50% of elective surgery in Finland. The aim of this study was to prospectively describe the present situation at Finnish day-surgery units, focusing on the quality of care. Methods: Fourteen large- to medium-sized day surgery and short-stay units were recruited, and all patient cases performed during a 2-month study period were registered and analyzed. Quality of care was assessed by analyzing the rates and reasons for overnight admission, readmission, reoperation, and cancellations. Satisfaction of care was inquired from day- surgery patients during a 2-week period. Head anesthesiologists were interviewed about functional policies. Results: Of 7915 reported cases, 84% were day surgery. Typically, several specialties were represented at the units, with orthopedics accounting for nearly 30% of all day-surgery procedures. Patient selection criteria were in line with the present-day recommendations, although the proportion of older patients and the ASA physical status 3 patients were still relatively low. The rate of unplanned overnight admissions was 5.9%. Return hospital visits were reported in 3.7% and readmissions in 0.7% of patients 1,28 days post-operatively. Patient satisfaction was high. Conclusion: Along with the growing demand for day surgery, Finnish public hospitals have succeeded in providing good-quality care, and there still seems to be potential to increase the share of day surgery. Easily accessible benchmarking tools are needed for quality control and learning from peers. [source] Digital soil mapping in Germany,a reviewJOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2006Thorsten Behrens Abstract Digital soil mapping as a tool to generate spatial soil information provides solutions for the growing demand for high-resolution soil maps worldwide. Even in highly developed countries like Germany, digital soil mapping becomes essential due to the decreasing, time-consuming, and expensive field surveys which are no longer affordable by the soil surveys of the individual federal states. This article summarizes the present state of soil survey in Germany in terms of digitally available soil data, applied digital soil mapping, and research in the broader field of pedometrics and discusses future perspectives. Based on the geomorphologic conditions in Germany, relief is a major driving force in soil genesis. This is expressed by the digital,soil mapping research which highlights the great importance of digital terrain attributes in combination with information on parent material in soil prediction. An example of digital soil mapping using classification trees in Thuringia is given as an introduction in digital soil-class mapping based on correlations to environmental covariates within the scope of the German classification system. [source] Digital soil mapping using artificial neural networksJOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2005Thorsten Behrens Abstract In the context of a growing demand of high-resolution spatial soil information for environmental planning and modeling, fast and accurate prediction methods are needed to provide high-quality digital soil maps. Thus, this study focuses on the development of a methodology based on artificial neural networks (ANN) that is able to spatially predict soil units. Within a test area in Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany), covering an area of about 600 km2, a digital soil map was predicted. Based on feed-forward ANN with the resilient backpropagation learning algorithm, the optimal network topology was determined with one hidden layer and 15 to 30 cells depending on the soil unit to be predicted. To describe the occurrence of a soil unit and to train the ANN, 69 different terrain attributes, 53 geologic-petrographic units, and 3 types of land use were extracted from existing maps and databases. 80% of the predicted soil units (n = 33) showed training errors (mean square error) of the ANN below 0.1, 43% were even below 0.05. Validation returned a mean accuracy of over 92% for the trained network outputs. Altogether, the presented methodology based on ANN and an extended digital terrain-analysis approach is time-saving and cost effective and provides remarkable results. Digitale Bodenkartierung mithilfe von Künstlichen Neuronalen Netzen Vor dem Hintergrund einer steigenden Nachfrage nach hoch auflösenden bodenkundlichen Flächeninformationen für die Umweltplanung und Modellierung werden schnelle und genaue Vorhersagemodelle benötigt, um hochqualitative Bodenprognosekarten zur Verfügung stellen zu können. Kernpunkt der hier vorgestellten Untersuchung ist daher die Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Erstellung von Bodenprognosekarten auf der Grundlage Künstlicher Neuronaler Netze (KNN). Als Untersuchungsgebiet diente eine Fläche von über 600 km2 im Pfälzer Wald. Vorwärts propagierende KNN auf Basis des "Resilent Backpropagation"-Algorithmus mit einer verdeckten Schicht aus 15 bis 30 Zellen erwiesen sich als optimal für die Prognose von Bodenformengesellschaften. Um das Auftreten einer Bodenformengesellschaft zu beschreiben und die KNN zu trainieren, wurden 69 Reliefparameter, 3 Nutzungsklassen sowie 53 geologisch-petrographische Einheiten verwendet. 80,% der vorhergesagten Bodenformengesellschaften (n = 33) zeigten Trainingsfehler (mittlerer quadratischer Fehler der KNN) von unter 0,1; 43,% sogar von unter 0,05. Die Validierung ergab Genauigkeiten in dem kartierten Gesamtraum von durchschnittlich über 92,% für die prognostizierten Bodenformengesellschaften. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass die vorgestellte Methodik auf der Basis von KNN und einer umfangreichen Digitalen Reliefanalyse einen zeit- und kosteneffektiven Ansatz zur Prognose von Bodenkarten darstellt, der hervorragende Ergebnisse liefern kann. [source] Facilities for high-pressure research with the diamond anvil cell at GSECARSJOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 5 2005Guoyin Shen An overview of facilities for high-pressure research with the diamond anvil cell (DAC) at the GeoSoilEnviroCARS (GSECARS) sector at the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne, Illinois) is presented. There are three operational experimental stations (13-ID-C, 13-ID-D and 13-BM-D) where DAC instrumentation is installed for various types of experiments at high pressure and extreme temperature conditions. A fourth station (13-BM-C) is under construction and will be operational in 2006. While most X-ray diffraction experiments have been undertaken with powder samples so far, there is a growing demand for single-crystal diffraction (SCD) at high pressure. As one of the principal components at GSECARS, SCD is currently under rapid development. Other relevant techniques have also been developed for obtaining complementary information from powder or single-crystal samples at high pressure. For example, an on-line Brillouin system is installed and operational at 13-BM-D for acoustic velocity and single-crystal elasticity determinations. In addition, various X-ray spectroscopy techniques (e.g. X-ray emission and X-ray Raman) are employed for measuring electronic and magnetic properties. Future developments are discussed with the DAC program at GSECARS. [source] The effects of refined barley ,-glucan on the physico-structural properties of low-fat dairy products: curd yield, microstructure, texture and rheologyJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 10 2004Carmen M Tudorica Abstract The beneficial role of dietary fibre in human nutrition has lead to a growing demand for incorporation of novel fibres, particularly barley ,-glucans, into foods. Barley ,-glucans are regarded as dietary fibre ingredients that are partially soluble in water. The aim of the present work was to investigate the possibility of using barley ,-glucan in milk systems in relation to the coagulation properties of milk containing ,-glucan, and to the rheology, texture and microstructure of fresh curds. The rate of coagulation and optimum coagulum cutting time were evaluated using rheological measurements. Results show that coagulation/gelation time of the milk can be reduced significantly with the incorporation of ,-glucan; curd yield increased and the viscoelastic properties of the curd were altered with ,-glucan additions. The relationships between curd rheological behaviour and its microstructure are discussed in relation to use of novel hydrocolloids in dairy processing. The results suggest that barley ,-glucan has the potential to be used as a fat replacer in low-fat dairy systems. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Household level tree planting and its implications for environmental management in the northwestern highlands of Ethiopia: a case study in the Chemoga watershed, Blue Nile basinLAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2003W. Bewket Abstract The unsustainable exploitation and destruction of forests is a serious environmental concern in the developing countries of Africa. One of its main driving forces is the growing population causing a growing demand for fuelwood. In Ethiopia, as in many developing countries, there is a heavy dependence on and a growing demand for fuelwood. This dependence has been contributing to a widescale deforestation, as stated in various reports. Contrary to these reports, a study in the Chemoga watershed found a slightly increased forest cover during the past four decades, which was ascribed to households' tree planting practices. The objective of this study was to examine household level tree planting activities in reference to biofuel consumption patterns in four sample villages in the watershed. The results indicate that fuelwood and cattle dung accounted for nearly 100 per cent of the domestic energy consumption, with cattle dung contributing 34 per cent of the total. Fuelwood and dung combined, per capita biofuel consumption was estimated at 511,kg,yr,1, but with variations between the villages and socio-economic groups. Supply appears to have influenced the quantity of biofuels used. The scarcity of wood for fuel and other uses has forced households to plant trees. This has contributed to the increased forest cover of the watershed at the present as compared to that four decades ago. Number of trees planted showed variation between the villages and socio-economic groups, which is attributable to physical and human factors. In promoting tree planting, agroforesters and environmental management planners should therefore take into account local level biophysical and socio-economic realities. This agroforestry practice is a good short-term solution to the problem of fuelwood shortage, and also has many positive implications for environmental management and agricultural production. Thus, it has to be encouraged. Spatially aggregated, local level agroforestry practices contribute positively towards global ecosystem health. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Impact of higher oil prices on the Chinese economyOPEC ENERGY REVIEW, Issue 3 2007Sana Zaouali The demand for oil in China has dramatically increased in the last years. Today, China is the second largest consumer of oil in the world behind the United States. This growing demand in oil comes in a context of steep international price hikes for oil. With its increasing oil consumption, China today plays a major role on the international oil markets, and a change in its consumption could seriously destabilise these markets. Moreover, today China occupies a preponderant place on the international scene, and a large drop in its economic activity could significantly affect world growth. It, therefore, is important for us to ask what the impact of the current increase in oil prices on the Chinese economy might be. The aim of this article is to conduct a quantitative analysis on the potential impact of the rise in oil prices on the Chinese economy. The macroeconomic and sectoral effects are evaluated with the help of a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Two scenarios were formulated: the first assuming a US $10 increase in international oil prices; the second, a $25 increase. [source] Natural gas in India's energy managementOPEC ENERGY REVIEW, Issue 1 2007Muhammad Azhar Thanks to the continuous implementation of liberalisation and reforms, the Indian economy has become a significant energy consumer. Further, the fast growing economy is expected to result in massive and unprecedented growth in energy consumption in India. This is sure to have important ramifications for the domestic energy sector, as well as global energy market. At the domestic level, this resulted in new discoveries of hydrocarbon resources. However, the growth in energy consumption is so high that the old, as well as newly discovered hydrocarbon resources would not be able to fulfil the growing demand for energy in the Indian economy. Hence, Indian economy would remain dependent on the global market for the supply of hydrocarbon resources. India has been adopting various strategies to manage her energy requirement and Natural gas is slated to play an important role in India's energy management. This paper therefore, attempts to study the importance of natural gas in this context. [source] Regional and local labour market prospects: the importance of ageing in workforce developmentPOPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 5 2006Anne Green Abstract Overall, the labour force in the UK is ageing, although at different rates in different areas. This poses challenges for workforce development, and has implications not only for older workers, but for everyone, everywhere. However, demography is only one element in labour supply. It needs to be considered alongside trends in participation rates and in a broader policy and cultural context, and alongside likely changes in labour demand, in order to gain a picture of regional and local labour market prospects. The thrust of government policy is to raise employment rates amongst older people (aged 50,69) and to promote ,active ageing'. The decline in employment rates amongst older men evident in the 1980s has been reversed, but participation rates remain low by earlier standards. Shifts in the industrial and occupational structure of employment mean that there is likely to be a growing demand for customer care and service skills, which older people are well-placed to provide. Yet estimates of ,replacement demand' show that some of the most pressing workforce development issues are experienced in declining sectors and occupations, with an older than average age profile. Examples include agriculture and social care in Cornwall, where there is a lack of new recruits to replace those retiring. It is concluded that improved local intelligence on labour market flows and prospects is needed to inform skills and learning priorities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cone-beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region,an updateTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER ASSISTED SURGERY, Issue 4 2009Chung How Kau Abstract Background During the last few years, craniomaxillofacial diagnosis of the head has been confronted with an increasing number of innovations and improvements. The main progress occurred following the introduction of cone-beam technology in computed tomography in the 1990s. The number of manufacturers and devices using this technology for the maxillofacial region is growing rapidly and they are now becoming readily available. Materials This article focuses on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices applied to the maxillofacial region. CBCT serves as a bridge from two dimensions (2D) to three dimensions (3D), with lower irradiation than conventional CT. Different manufacturers and models are now available to satisfy the different needs of clinicians. Results A recent review of the manufacturers found 23 CBCT devices on the market. The specifications, applications and other issues of currently available CBCT devices are presented and discussed. Conclusions 3D imaging is developing at a very fast pace. New technologies and machines are emerging and CBCT is becoming readily available. Due to the growing demand for the technology based on the needs of clinicians, there is now a wide and growing selection of devices on the market. Some of the new advances now mean that CBCT imaging should be a well-considered option in maxillofacial imaging. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The impacts of aquaculture development on food security: lessons from BangladeshAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010Khondker Murshed E-Jahan Abstract Fish contribute a significant amount of animal protein to the diets of people in Bangladesh, about 63% of which comes from aquatic animals. In Bangladesh, fish is mainly derived from two sources: capture and culture. Aquaculture has shown tremendous growth in the last two decades, exhibiting by about 10% average annual growth in production. Capture fisheries, although still the major source of supply of fish, have become static or are in decline due to over-fishing and environmental degradation, and it is now believed that aquaculture has the greatest potential to meet the growing demand for fish from the increasing population. At present, aquaculture production accounts for about one-third of the total fish production in Bangladesh. This paper examines the impact of an aquaculture development project in Bangladesh on food security, with particular emphasis on the poor. The analysis shows a positive impact of aquaculture development on employment, income and consumption. A number of implications for policy in areas that might strengthen these outcomes are discussed and recommendations are presented. [source] Separation of oil and carotenes from palm oil mill effluent by adsorption chromatography with silica based adsorbentASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2009A. L. Ahmad Abstract Malaysia is an agricultural country and the major polluting industrial effluents have been from palm oil industry. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a liquid waste which causes a significant impact on the environment if it is not dealt properly. POME contains oil and carotenes that need to be treated before discharge. Owing to the readily available source of POME and growing demand of carotenes, the objective of this paper is to recover the carotenes from POME whilst tackling the environmental problem. In this study, solvent extraction is used to retrieve oil from POME and adsorption chromatography is further adopted to recover the carotenes contained in the oil. Residual oil extracted from POME in this study was about 5000 mg/L in a single stage solvent extraction. The carotenes content in recovered oil was about 450 ppm. Synthetic adsorbent with silica based material was used in the adsorption chromatography. Carotenes was concentrated to about 25 times of the concentration in the recovered oil by adsorption chromatography. Carotenes recovery was found to be depended on the process conditions. Different types of solvent, column temperatures and initial loading volumes were evaluated to determine the effects on the percentage of carotenes extracted and carotenes concentration. The suitable temperature for adsorption process was 40 °C. Carotenes was successfully concentrated from the recovered oil by adsorption chromatography process. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Der Census of Marine Life zieht Bilanz.BIOLOGIE IN UNSERER ZEIT (BIUZ), Issue 4 2010Globale "Volkszählung" unter Wasser Abstract Ein internationales Großprojekt zur Erfassung der Vielfalt des Lebens im Meer, der Census of Marine Life, wird nach zehn Jahren in diesem Herbst mit einer großen Abschlussveranstaltung in London zu Ende gehen. Mit einer Vielzahl von Teilprojekten wurde das Leben von den tropischen Stränden über Seeberge, hydrothermale Quellen und polare Meere bis in die Tiefseebecken untersucht, um einen Überblick über die Artenvielfalt zu bekommen und Erkenntnisse darüber zu gewinnen, wie die Vielfalt des Lebens im Meer beeinflusst und gesteuert wird. Einige der Teilprojekte werden beispielhaft dargestellt, insbesondere das Projekt CeDAMar, das vom Senckenberg-Institut geleitet wird. CeDAMar erforscht die großen Tiefseebecken, die etwa die Hälfte der Erdoberfläche ausmachen und noch sehr wenig bekannt sind. Der wachsende Rohstoffbedarf rückt diesen bisher weitgehend unbeeinflussten Lebensraum in das Interesse der Industrie, und Experten von CeDAMar haben durch ihre Fachkompetenz bei der Erstellung von Richtlinien zum Schutz des Meeresbodens in internationalen Gewässern einen sehr konkreten Beitrag geleistet. Global Underwater Census , a large-scale project is taking stock The Census of Marine Life, an international large-scale project to assess the diversity of life in the ocean, will end this fall after a decade of discovery with a grand finale in London. Many so-called field projects were established to study life from tropical beaches, seamounts, hydrothermal vents, to polar seas and abyssal plains in order to get a better estimate of marine species diversity and gain insight into processes that influence the diversity of life in the oceans. Some of the field projects are presented, including the project CeDAMar under the leadership of the Senckenberg Institute. The study area of CeDAMar is abyssal plains, which comprise about half of the Earth's surface yet are very little known. Mankind's growing demand on minerals and other resources has awoken the industry's interest in a part of the ocean that so far has been relatively pristine. CeDAMar scientists have helped with their expertise to establish guidelines for the protection of the seafloor in international waters, thus demonstrating how concrete the influence of deep-sea exploration on human society can become. [source] Grasslands, grazing and biodiversity: editors' introductionJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Watkinson A.R. Summary 1Natural, semi-natural and artificial grasslands occur extensively around the globe, but successful management for production and biodiversity poses several dilemmas for conservationists and farmland managers. Deriving from three continents (Africa, Australia and Europe), papers in this Special Profile interface three specific issues: plant responses to grazing, plant invasions and the responses to management of valued grassland biota. 2Although pivotal in grassland management, plant responses to grazing are sometimes difficult to predict. Two alternative approaches are presented here. The first uses natural variations in sheep grazing around a water hole to model the dynamic population response of a chenopod shrub. The second analyses a long-term grazing experiment to investigate the links between plant traits and grazing response. 3Linked often crucially with grazing, but also driven sometimes by extrinsic factors, invasions are often cause for concern in grassland management. The invasions of grasslands by woody plants threatens grassland habitats while the invasions of pastures by alien weeds reduces pasture productivity. The papers in this section highlight how a complementary range of management activities can reduce the abundance of invaders. A final paper highlights how global environmental change is presenting new circumstances in which grassland invasion can occur. 4The impact of grassland management on biodiversity is explored in this Special Profile with specific reference to invertebrates, increasingly recognized both for the intrinsic conservation value of many groups and for their role in ecosystem processes. The potential for manipulating flooding in wet grasslands to increase the soil invertebrate prey of wading birds is illustrated, together with the roles of management and landscape structure in enhancing insect diversity. 5In the face of climate change and growing demands for agricultural productivity, future pressures on grassland ecosystems will intensify. In this system in which productivity and conservation are so closely bound, there is a need both to raise the profile of the issues involved, and to improve our understanding of the applied ecology required for successful management. [source] In search of finance excellenceJOURNAL OF CORPORATE ACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 3 2008Thomas Wunder In recent years, CFOs have been asked to improve efficiency and competitive cost structures within the Finance department, while simultaneously meeting the growing demands of the company's operations. This occurs, of course, while CFOs have also had to face additional external scrutiny and compliance requirements. Together, these developments place themes like "finance excellence" or "finance transformation" at the top of the CFO's agenda. In many cases, the result is a comprehensive reorientation of the entire Finance organization with significant performance improvements in both Finance and the entire company. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Criminal justice, cultural justice: The limits of liberalism and the pragmatics of difference in the new south africaAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 2 2004John L. Comaroff ABSTRACT What are the limits of liberalism in accommodating the growing demands of difference? Can a Euromodernist nation-state, founded on One Law, infuse itself with another, with an African jurisprudence? And how is it to deal with cultural practices deemed "dangerous" by the canons of enlightenment reason? These questions are especially urgent in postcolonies like South Africa, with highly diverse populations whose traditional ways and means are accorded constitutional protection. Here we examine how South Africans are dealing with such "dangerous" practices in an era in which their nation is becoming ever more policultural; how, in the process, an Afromodernity is taking organic shape in the interstices between new democratic institutions and the kingdom of custom; how the confrontation between Culture, in the upper case, and a state founded on liberal universalism is beginning to reconfigure the political landscape of this postcolony,as it is, we argue, in many places across the planet. [source] Manufacturing technology for terrestrial PV systems: high efficiency crystalline Si through amorphous SiPROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS: RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS, Issue 2 2002Minoru Kaneiwa In order to meet the rapidly growing demands for solar power photovoltaic systems, grounded on public consciousness of global environmental issues, Sharp has increased the production of solar cells and modules 50-fold in last 7 years. Efforts to establish manufacturing technologies of solar cells for terrestial use and approaches toward high light-to-electricity conversion efficiency using silicon material (crystalline to amorphous ) are described. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Click Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry: A Case of "Cyclo- Addiction"CHEMMEDCHEM, Issue 5 2008D. Moorhouse Click chemistry is chemical philosophy conceived to meet the growing demands of drug discovery. In this minireview, we discuss some of the most recent and innovative applications of click chemistry in medicinal chemistry. [source] How we do it: Diagrammatic recording of tympanomastoid proceduresCLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY, Issue 6 2006J.D. Wasson Keypoints ,,Accurate documentation of the operative findings of tympanomastoid procedures is essential for effective patient management and to satisfy the growing demands of clinical audit. ,,Due to the three-dimensional complexity of the middle ear, it is difficult to represent graphically. ,,Consequently, most surgeons only describe subjectively their operative, otological findings. ,We present for the first time a simple middle ear template which provides an objective tool to improve the recording of tympanomastoid procedures. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||