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Group E (group + e)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	77%
Life Sciences	22%

Selected Abstracts

Influence of neurohumoral blockade on heart rate and blood pressure responses to haemorrhage in isoflurane anaesthetized rats

ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 3 2000
UllmanArticle first published online: 24 DEC 200
Four groups of Sprague,Dawley rats were anaesthetized with isoflurane (ISO) (1.7% end-tidal concentration) in 40% oxygen, and mechanically ventilated. The animals were bled 15 mL kg,1 b.w. from the femoral vein over 10 min, followed by an observation period of 30 min. Ten minutes before haemorrhage each group of animals was pre-treated with intravenous injection/infusion of either: isotonic saline (Group B; CON; n=7), vasopressin V1 -receptor antagonist [d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP; 10 ,g kg,1] (Group C; AVP-a; n=7), the non-selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist saralasin (10 ,g kg,1 min,1) (Group D; SAR; n=7) or hexamethonium (10 mg kg,1) (Group E; HEX; n=7). A separate group of conscious animals were pre-treated with isotonic NaCl and subjected to the same haemorrhage protocol (Group A; AW; n=7). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and blood gases were observed during the experiments. Only pre-treatment with SAR and HEX reduced MAP significantly. The pre-haemorrhage HR was only affected by HEX, which caused a reduction by 17%. The HR was significantly lower at the end of haemorrhage compared with pre-haemorrhage levels in all groups except that group treated with HEX. In that group the HR changed in the opposite direction. The ability to maintain MAP during haemorrhage, and the post-haemorrhage period, was significantly impaired in the groups treated with AVP-a, SAR or HEX compared with the group receiving NaCl. It is concluded that autonomic nervous activity is of major importance for the maintenance of MAP during isoflurane anaesthesia, whereas circulating angiotensin II and vasopressin levels contribute to a much smaller degree in this regard. General anaesthesia in combination with different degrees of neurohumoral blockade impairs the haemodynamic responses to blood loss, seen in conscious individuals. The impairment involves both the early and late phases during haemorrhage, as well as the post-bleeding recovery period. All three neurohumoral systems (autonomic nervous activity, angiotensin II and vasopressin) are of importance for regulating MAP during and after haemorrhage, although the autonomic nervous outflow appears to contribute to a larger extent. [source]

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Optimal timing for the administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine for premedication in children

ANAESTHESIA, Issue 9 2010
V. M. Yuen
Summary Previous studies have shown that 1 ,g.kg,1 intranasal dexmedetomidine produces significant sedation in children aged between 2 and 12 years. This investigation was designed to evaluate the onset time. One hundred children aged 1,12 years of ASA physical status 1,2 undergoing elective surgery were randomly allocated to five groups. Patients in groups A to D received intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 ,g.kg,1. Patients in Group E received intranasal placebo (0.9% saline). Children from groups A, B, C, D and E had intravenous cannulation attempted at 30, 45, 60, 75 and 45 min respectively after intranasal drug or placebo administration. Vital signs, behaviour and sedation status of the children were assessed regularly until induction of anaesthesia. More children from groups A to D achieved satisfactory sedation at the time of cannulation when compared to group E (p < 0.001). The proportion of children who achieved satisfactory sedation was not significantly different among groups A to D. Overall 62% of the children who received intranasal dexmedetomidine had satisfactory sedation at the time of cannulation. The median (95% CI) time for onset of sedation was 25 (25,30) min. The median (95% CI) duration of sedation was 85 (55,100) min. [source]

Suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma by transplantation of ex-vivo immune-modulated NKT lymphocytes

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2005
Maya Margalit
Abstract NKT cells are a regulatory subset of T lymphocytes with immune modulatory effects and an important role in anti-tumor immunity. The feasibility of "ex-vivo education" of NKT cells has recently been demonstrated. To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of ex-vivo immune-modulated NKT lymphocytes in a murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Athymic Balb/C mice were sublethally irradiated and transplanted with human Hep3B HCC. NKT cells prepared from immunocompetent Balb/C mice were pulsed ex vivo with HCC-derived antigens (Group A), Hep3B cells (group B) or BSA (group C), and adoptively transferred into HCC harboring mice (1 × 06 NKT cells per mouse). Group D mice did not undergo NKT cell transplantation. Group E mice were transplanted with 1 × 106 NKT cells from HBV-immunized donors. Mice were followed for tumor size and weight. To determine the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect, intrasplenic lymphocyte populations were analyzed by FACS for NKT, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations; STAT 1, 4 and 6 expression in splenocytes was assessed by Western blot, and serum cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. Adoptive transfer of NKT cells pulsed with HCC-derived antigens (group A) and NKT cells from immunized donors (group E) resulted in complete disappearance of tumors within 4 weeks and attenuated weight loss (6.5% and 7% in groups A and E, respectively). In contrast, mice in groups B, C, and D developed large, necrotic tumors and severe weight loss (21%, 17% and 23% weight loss in groups B, C, and D, respectively). NKT/CD4 and CD8/CD4 ratios were significantly increased in groups A and E (12.3 and 17.6 in groups A and D, respectively, compared to 6.4, 4.8 and 5.6 in groups B, C and D, respectively, for the NKT/CD4 ratio; 41 and 19.8 in groups A and E, respectively, compared to 6.5, 11.8 and 3.2 in groups B, C, and D, respectively, for the CD8/CD4 ratio). Expression of the transcription factor STAT4 was evident in group A, but not in groups B-D. Serum IFN,, IL12 and IL4 levels were increased in groups A and E. Adoptive transfer of NKT lymphocytes exposed ex vivo by HCC-derived antigens loaded on dendritic cells and NKT cells from immunized donors led to suppression of HCC in mice. NKT-mediated anti-tumor activity was associated increased NKT and CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers, increased expression of STAT4, a marker for IL-12 activity and elevated serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN, and IL12, and of IL4. Ex-vivo modulation of NKT lymphocytes holds promise as a novel mode of immune therapy for HCC. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Effects of SCN,/H2O2 combinations in dentifrices on plaque and gingivitis

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2001
Michael Rosin
Abstract Objectives: A 10-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on 140 male subjects was conducted to determine the effect on plaque and gingivitis of 5 dentifrices containing various thiocyanate (SCN,)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) combinations. Materials and Methods: The dentifrices consisted of a gel base without any detergents or abrasives (placebo, group A) to which SCN, and/or H2O2 were added as follows: 0.1% SCN, (group B), 0.5% SCN, (group C), 0.1% SCN,/ 0.1% H2O2 (group D), 0.5% SCN,/0.1% H2O2 (group E) and 0.1% H2O2 (group F). A baseline examination was performed in which the Silness and Löe Plaque Index (PI), the Mühlemann and Son Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI), and the amount of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were recorded using the Periotron 6000 on teeth 16, 12, 24, 36, 32, and 44. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the placebo group (n=40) or one of the test groups (n=20) and used their respective dentifrices over a period of 8 weeks. Finally, each group used the placebo for another 2 weeks (wash-out). Re-examinations were performed after 1, 4, and 8 weeks and the 2-week wash-out period employing the clinical parameters used at baseline. Intragroup changes were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, using the baseline and wash-out points as references. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons between the treatment groups and the placebo group. Results: At the 8-week examination, the plaque index in group E (p=0.017) and group F (p=0.032) was lower than in the placebo group. The Sulcus Bleeding Index in group F after 1 week was increased (p=0.023) and the SBI in group E after 8 weeks was reduced (p=0.047) as compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that a dentifrice containing 0.5% SCN, and 0.1% H2O2 but no detergents or abrasives inhibited plaque and decreased gingivitis. Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung: Eine 10 Wochen dauernde placebokontrollierte Doppelblindstudie wurde bei 140 männlichen Probanden durchgeführt, um die Auswirkungen von 5 Zahnpasten, die verschiedene Kombinationen von Thiozyanat (SCN,) und Wasserstoffperoxide (H2O2) enthielten, auf Plaque und Gingivitis zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden: Die Zahnpasten bestanden aus einer Gelbasis ohne jegliche Detergentien oder Putzkörper (Placebo, Gruppe A), der SCN, und/oder H2O2 wie folgt beigemengt waren: 0.1% SCN, (Gruppe B), 0.5% SCN, (Gruppe C), 0.1% SCN,/0.1% H2O2 (Gruppe D), 0.5% SCN,/0.1% H2O2 (Gruppe E) und 0.1% H2O2 (Gruppe F). Zu Beginn der Studie wurden der Plaque Index (PI), der Sulkus-Blutungs-Index (SBI) und die Sulkusflüssigkeitsfließrate (SFFR) mit dem Periotron 6000 an den Zähnen 16, 12, 24, 36, 32 und 44 bestimmt. Die Probanden wurden zufällig der Placebogruppe (n=40) oder einer der 5 Testgruppen (n=20) zugewiesen und benutzten die entsprechende Zahnpasta über einen Zeitraum von 8 Wochen. Schließlich benutzte jeder Proband die Placebopasta für weitere 2 Wochen ("wash-out"). Nachuntersuchungen fanden nach 1, 4 und 8 Wochen sowie nach der "wash-out"-Periode statt. Ergebnisse: Zur 8-Wochen-Nachuntersuchung war der PI in den Gruppen E (p=0.017) und F (p=0.032) niedriger als in der Placebogruppe. Der SBI in Gruppe F war im Vergleich zur Placebogruppe nach einer Woche erhöht (p=0.023) und in Gruppe E nach 8 Wochen reduziert (p=0.047). Schlußfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß eine Zahnpasta, die 0.5% SCN, und 0.1% H2O2 aber keinerlei Detergentien oder Putzkörper enthält Plaque hemmen und Gingivitis reduzieren kann. Résumé Une étude clinique en double aveugle, controlée par un placebo, sur 10 semaines a été réalisée sur 140 sujets masculins pour déterminer les effets sur la plaque et la gingivite de 5 dentifrices contenant des combinaisons variées de thiocyanate (SCN,)/peroxyde d'hydrogene (H2O2). Les dentifrices étaient constitués d'une base de gel sans détergents ni abrasifs (placebo, groupe A) à laquelle étaient ajoutés SCN, et/ou H2O2 comme suit: 0.1% SCN, (groupe B), 0.5% SCN, (groupe C), 0.1% SCN,/0.1% H2O2 (groupe D), 0.5% SCN,/1% H2O2 (groupe E), et 0.1% H2O2 (groupe F). Un examen initial était réalise au cours duquel, l'indice de plaque de Silness et Löe (PI), l'indice de saignement sulculaire de Mühlemann et Son (SBI), et la quantité de fluide gingival (GCF) étaient enregistrés en utilisant le Periotron 6000 sur les dents 16, 12, 24, 36, 32 et 44. Les sujets étaient assignés au hasard soit dans le groupe placebo (n=20), soit dans un groupe test (n=20) et utilisaient leur dentifrices respectifs pendant une période de 8 semaines. Finalement, chaque groupe utilisait le placebo pendant 2 semaines supplémentaires (lessivage). Une réexamination était réalisée après 1, 4, 8 semaines et après la période de lessivage final de 2 semaines avec les mênes indices qu'à l'examen initial. Les modifications intragroupe étaient analysées par le test de Wilcoxon signed ranks, en utilisant les indices initiaux et ceux relevés lors de la période de lessivage. Le test de Mann-Whitney U fut utilisé pour comparer les groupes test et le groupe placebo. A l'examen de la huitième semaine, les indices de plaque du groupe E (p=0.017) et du groupe F (p=0.032) étaient plus bas que dans le groupe placebo. L'indice de saignement sulculaire du groupe F après une semaine était augmenté (p=0.023) et le SBI du groupe E après 8 semaines était diminué (p=0.047), comparé au groupe placebo. Les résultats montrent qu'un dentifrice contenant 0.5% SCN, et 0.1% H2O2, mais ni détergents, ni abrasifs, inhibe la plaque et réduit la gingivite. [source]

Evaluating Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke with Special Reference to Newly Developed Atrial Fibrillation in Cerebral Embolism

PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 9 2007
MINORU TAGAWA M.D.
Background:Cardioembolic strokes are extensive and have a poor prognosis. To identify the cardiovascular risk factors of cardioembolic stroke, we evaluated the cardiovascular status with special reference to persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) combined with the type of acute ischemic stroke. Methods:We divided 315 consecutive patients admitted to our Department of Neurosurgery with an acute ischemic stroke into four types of brain infarction using clinical history, onset pattern of stroke, and brain imaging: cardioembolic (group E, n = 105), lacunar (group L, n = 92), atherothrombotic (group T, n = 111), and unclassified (n = 7). All patients underwent standard electrocardiography (ECG), a 24-hour ECG recording (Holter ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography (UCG). Results:Persistent AF or PAF was detected in 97 patients (31.5%) using Holter ECG: more frequently in group E (67.6%) than in groups L (15.2%) or T (9.2%). Persistent AF or PAF was first diagnosed on admission using a standard ECG in 16 patients (5.2%) with no previous history and 14 of these patients belonged to group E (13.3%). PAF was newly detected on Holter ECG in another 26 patients (8.4%) and 13 of these patients (12.4%) belonged to group E. Concerning UCG, left atrial enlargement and mitral regurgitation were more frequent in group E than in group L or T. Conclusion:Holter ECG in addition to ECG on admission is important for detecting persistent AF or PAF in patients with ischemic stroke, especially with cardioembolism as diagnosed by neuroimaging. [source]

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Optimal timing for the administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine for premedication in children

Exposure to antibacterial agents with QT liability in 14 European countries: trends over an 8-year period

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
Emanuel Raschi
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT , Several noncardiovascular drugs with QT liability are currently on the market. , Previous epidemiological studies have shown significant exposure of the general population to drugs with QT liability with similar consumption in many European countries. , Several regulatory measures have concerned medicinal products carrying a pro-arrhythmic risk in humans. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS , The list of antibacterial agents with documented QT liability has grown over the last few years. , Notwithstanding stringent regulatory measures, population exposure to antibiotics with QT liability is still significant in several countries. , The magnitude of the problem is clearly heterogeneous, with remarkable diversity between Northern and Southern countries (lower and higher exposure, respectively). AIMS (i) To classify antibacterial agents with QT liability on the basis of the available evidence, and (ii) to assess trends in their consumption over an 8-year period (1998,2005) in 14 European countries. METHODS Current published evidence on QT liability of antibiotics was retrieved through MEDLINE search and joined to official warnings from regulatory agencies. Each drug was classified according to an already proposed algorithm based on the strength of evidence: from group A (any evidence) to group E (clinical reports of torsades de pointes and warnings on QT liability). Consumption data were provided by the European Surveillance of Antibacterial Consumption (ESAC) project and were expressed as defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). RESULTS Among 21 detected compounds, nine [six fluoroquinolones (FQs) and three macrolides (MACs)] belonged to group E. Use of group E drugs ranged from 1.3 (Sweden) to 4.1 DID (Italy) in 1998 and from 1.2 (Sweden) to 6.5 DID (Italy) in 2005. Significant exposure was observed in Italy and Spain (6.5 and 3.8 DID, respectively, in 2005). Only Denmark, Sweden and UK showed a slight decrease in use. Exposure to clarithromycin increased in 10 out of 14 countries, with a marked increment in Italy (3 DID in 2005). CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding regulatory measures, in 2005 there was still significant exposure to antibacterials with strong evidence of QT liability and, in most countries, it was even increased. This warrants further investigation of appropriateness of use and suggests closer monitoring of group E drugs. Physicians should be aware when prescribing them to susceptible patients. [source]

Effects of , -carotene on antioxidant status in rats with chronic alcohol consumption

CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 6 2009
Wan-Teng Lin
Abstract This study examined the effects of , -carotene on antioxidant status in rats with chronic alcohol consumption. At the beginning of experiment (week 0), according to both the plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, rats (n,=,24) were divided into 3 groups and fed with a standard diet (group C), a diet containing ethanol (group E), or a diet containing ethanol and , -carotene (group E+B). After 10 weeks, plasma AST and ALT, fat accumulation in the liver, antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes and the liver, malondialdehyde (MDA), and , -tocopherol and retinol in plasma and hepatic samples were analyzed. The chronic alcohol diet significantly increased AST and ALT levels in plasma, and these changes were prevented by supplementing the diet with , -carotene. Glutathione (GSH) in erythrocytes and in the liver was significantly elevated in rats fed with a diet containing , -carotene. The results indicate that , -carotene supplementation can prevent ethanol-induced liver damage and increase GSH concentrations in erythrocytes and the liver. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Plasma protein Z levels in healthy and high-risk newborn infants

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 5 2004
F Schettini Jr
Aim: To evaluate plasma protein Z (PZ) levels in healthy and high-risk newborn infants. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted. Inclusion criteria were: healthy term and pre-term newborns normal for gestational age and newborns belonging to one of the following groups: newborns small for gestational age (SGA), newborns affected by respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), newborns from mothers with pre-eclampsia. Newborns with sepsis, congenital malformation or haemorrhagic disorders were excluded. Plasma PZ levels, protein C (PC) concentration, PC activity and protein-induced vitamin K absence levels were measured. Results: 53 newborns were enrolled into the study. PZ and PC antigen levels varied significantly among analysed subgroups on day 1 (p < 0.01): lower levels of these inhibitors were found in RDS newborns (group C), newborns from mothers affected by pre-eclampsia (group D) and SGA newborns (group E) than in healthy term and preterm newborns (groups A and B). Conclusion: PZ deficiency occurs in newborns affected by severe RDS, in newborns from pre-eclamptic mothers and in SGA newborns, probably owing to activated coagulation in the first two conditions and to reduced PZ synthesis in the last condition. [source]