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Granulomatous Reaction (granulomatous + reaction)
Selected AbstractsSpontaneous resolution of a delayed granulomatous reaction to cosmetic tattooINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Brad Jones MBBS, MPhil(Path) A 27-year-old woman presented with linear, flesh-colored papules along her vermillion borders, 4 years after a cosmetic lip tattoo was applied. A biopsy of the lesion was performed and histology showed it to be a granulomatous reaction surrounding the tattoo pigment. Following the biopsy, the lesions began to resolve spontaneously within 4 weeks and were not noticeable at a follow-up review. Granulomatous reactions are rare after cosmetic facial tattoos and may respond to topical corticosteroids or laser ablation. We present a unique report of a delayed granulomatous reaction to a cosmetic tattoo completely resolving without any specific treatment. [source] Use of Hyaluronidase in the Treatment of Granulomatous Hyaluronic Acid Reactions or Unwanted Hyaluronic Acid MisplacementDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 8 2005Harold J. Brody MD Background. In the past, reactions or misplacement of soft tissue fillers has been fraught with anxiety because time has been the main thrust for improvement in spite of ancillary treatments. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that dissolves hyaluronic acid in the skin and also assists in the management of granulomatous foreign-body reactions to hyaluronic acid. These reactions may be caused by allergy to the material or immunologic response to the protein contaminants in the hyaluronic acid preparations. Dissolution of material in erroneous placement of material and in allergic reactions can be a time saver and a deterrent to patient dissatisfaction. Objective. To evaluate the use of hyaluronidase in the treatment of both allergic reactions and the erroneous misplacement of hyaluronic acid in the skin. Methods. A case of persistent granulomatous reaction to injectable hyaluronic acid and a case of hyaluronic acid erroneous misplacement with their successful subsequent treatments using intracutaneous hyaluronidase are reported, along with illustrative examples of hyaluronidase use. Results. The use of hyaluronidase reduced the patient discomfort within 24 to 48 hours, deterring any patient anxiety or patient dissatisfaction. Conclusions. Hyaluronidase has a place in the treatment of allergic reactions to hyaluronidase and in the erroneous misplacement of the material. [source] Spontaneous resolution of a delayed granulomatous reaction to cosmetic tattooINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Brad Jones MBBS, MPhil(Path) A 27-year-old woman presented with linear, flesh-colored papules along her vermillion borders, 4 years after a cosmetic lip tattoo was applied. A biopsy of the lesion was performed and histology showed it to be a granulomatous reaction surrounding the tattoo pigment. Following the biopsy, the lesions began to resolve spontaneously within 4 weeks and were not noticeable at a follow-up review. Granulomatous reactions are rare after cosmetic facial tattoos and may respond to topical corticosteroids or laser ablation. We present a unique report of a delayed granulomatous reaction to a cosmetic tattoo completely resolving without any specific treatment. [source] Kerion and dermatophytic granuloma.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Mycological, histopathological findings in 19 children with inflammatory tinea capitis of the scalp Background, Inflammatory tinea capitis or kerion is the result of a hypersensitivity reaction to a dermatophytic infection. Majocchi's granuloma, in contrast, usually begins as a suppurative folliculitis and culminates in a granulomatous reaction. Objectives, To present clinical, mycological and histopathological findings for 19 cases of kerion of the scalp in children. Methods, Nineteen children were investigated (14 boys and five girls) with a mean age of 6.5 years. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) exam and culture in Sabouraud dextrose agar were performed, followed by a biopsy with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-schiff (PAS) and Gomori-Grocott stains. The same investigations were carried out in four control cases of noninflammatory tinea capitis. Results, Clinical history varied from 2 to 16 weeks (mean 6.6 weeks). Diagnosis was confirmed by a positive KOH exam: all cases except one had a positive culture. The following dermatophytes were isolated: Microsporum canis (32%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (27%), Trichophyton tonsurans (21%), Trichophyton rubrum (10%) and Microsporum gypseum (5%). The histopathological findings were: suppurative folliculitis (SF) 11%, SF plus suppurative dermatitis 37%, suppurative and granulomatous dermatitis (SGD) 26% and SGD plus fibrosing dermatitis 26%. Fungi were observed in 63% of the histopathological sections. Perifollicular infiltrates (PF) around the parasitized hair follicles were identified in the four noninflammatory control cases due to M. canis. Conclusions, Kerion Celsi is an inflammatory or suppurative type of tinea capitis caused by zoophylic dermatophytes (M. canis and T. mentagrophytes), but also by antrophophylic (T. tonsurans and T. rubrum) and geophylic (M. gypseum) dermatophytes. Histopathological findings showed a spectrum from mild suppurative folliculitis to dense granulomatous infiltrates without a clear relationship with the clinical features. [source] Mucous membrane pemphigoid, thymoma, and myasthenia gravisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 9 2000Haideh Yazdani Sabet In November 1997, approximately 1 year before being evaluated at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, a 63-year-old woman presented with erosive tongue lesions that were diagnosed by her physician as oral lichen planus. The lesions responded well to 3 months of treatment with systemic and topical corticosteroids and topical antiyeast medication. She stopped taking the medications and had a relapse. A few months after the oral lesions developed, her left eyelid became ptotic. Results of magnetic resonance imaging of her brain were normal, and the ptosis resolved spontaneously after 2 weeks. One year later, her right eyelid began to droop, and the results of edrophonium testing were positive. She was prescribed prednisone, 30 mg daily, and pyridostigmine, as needed. The ptosis improved, but never fully resolved. Radiography revealed a left ,,thyroid nodule,'' but computed tomography did not show a mediastinal mass. She was advised to have the ,,nodule'' removed surgically and came to the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, for a second opinion. Her medical history was significant for the following: tinnitus, glaucoma, early bilateral cataracts, and long-standing hypertension, for which she took losartan, 50 mg twice daily. Other medications included: prednisone, 30 mg daily; pyridostigmine as needed; famotidine, 40 mg daily; and eyedrops for glaucoma. She denied any history of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, head and neck irradiation, family history of thyroid disease, or diplopia. Hepatitis serologic studies revealed hepatitis B exposure and recovery, hepatitis C immunity, and a previous hepatitis A viral infection. On examination at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, an erosive hypertrophic plaque was noted on the posterior dorsal half of the tongue, and vesicles and erythematous erosions on the hard and soft palates ( Fig. 1a). A lace-like white pattern was seen on the buccal mucosa bilaterally, and a small erosive patch on the left buccal mucosa ( Fig. 1b). Ocular and nasal mucous membranes were normal in appearance, and there were no pertinent skin findings. Dermatopathologic examination of an excisional biopsy specimen from the left dorsum of the tongue demonstrated an ulcer with epitheliomatous hyperplasia and a granulomatous reaction, presumably due to yeast infection. Silver staining showed hyphae and yeast at the base of the tongue ulcer. The results of the direct immunofluorescence study were negative and revealed no lichenoid changes on hematoxylin and eosin staining. Indirect immunofluorescence testing of the serum revealed a 1 : 80 titer of basement membrane zone antibodies, reflecting pemphigoid. This test was positive on repeat study. Salt-split skin on monkey esophagus revealed an epidermal pattern of basement membrane zone antibodies. Treatment included fluocinonide gel applied to the involved areas four times daily and oral antiyeast therapy (fluconazole, 200 mg once daily by mouth) while the rest of the evaluation was being completed. Figure 1(a). Erosive hypertrophic tongue plaque. Figure (b) ,. Erosive patch on the buccal mucosa. As part of the evaluation of the ptosis, a myasthenia gravis antibody panel was performed. It revealed the following abnormalities: striated muscle antibody at 1 : 480 (reference range, <1 : 60), acetylcholine receptor binding antibody at 6.33 nmol/L (reference range, ,,0.02 nmol/L), acetylcholine receptor blocking antibody at 31% (reference range, 0,25%), and acetylcholine receptor modulating antibody at 100% (reference range, 0,20%), suggesting thymoma. Treatment included pyridostigmine, 30,45 mg 3,4 times daily, to control the myasthenia symptoms, while the ill-defined neck mass was being evaluated. A mildly enlarged thyroid was noted on physical examination. Hematology panel revealed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the low normal range; the thyroid microsomal antibody was normal. Chest radiography showed minor tracheal deviation, and a previous computed tomogram showed what appeared to be a 3-cm enlarged mass in the thyroid. Ultrasonographically guided thyroid biopsy did not show malignancy, but a benign mesenchymal-type tumor was found and surgical excision was planned. Intraoperatively, a thymoma of the left cervical thymic tongue was found. At 6 months' follow-up, the ptosis and oral mucosal lesions had improved significantly, although she continued topical corticosteroid therapy intermittently for minor erosive oral disease. [source] Necrotizing vasculitis with a polyarteritis nodosa-like pattern and selective immunoglobulin A deficiency: case report and review of the literatureJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 9 2008Sabela Paradela Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by low levels (< 7 mg/dl) of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and normal serum levels of IgG and IgM. Patients with IgAD have increased risk for recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, autoimmune disease, asthma and allergy. A 26-year-old woman was admitted with sudden onset of painful cutaneous lesions on her lower extremities, pyrexia and arthromyalgia. Her medical history was remarkable for recurrent respiratory tract infections, self-limited episodes of acute diarrhea, atopy, splenomegaly and a 4-year history of a lung granulomatous lesion. Laboratory and imaging tests ruled out severe life-threatening infection, connective tissue disease and neoplasm. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a low IgA serum level (6.67 mg/dl), with normal serum levels of IgG and IgM, conducting to a diagnosis of selective IgAD. A skin biopsy showed necrotizing vasculitis without any sign of internal organ disease. We report a patient with IgAD and granulomatous involvement of lungs, spleen and medium-sized arteries of the skin. Although IgAD results from a failure of B-cell differentiation, we propose that deregulated immune response with production of cross-reactive antibodies and hyperstimulation of T cells and macrophages could contribute to this widespread granulomatous reaction. [source] The Pathology of Adulterated Injected Cosmetic Filler MaterialsJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2005M. Pulitzer MD We report five cases of illicit injections of filler-substances for cosmetic purposes in non-medical clinics. The first two patients, a mother and 30-year-old daughter, presented with skin lesions in both legs after calf-augmentation by paraffin injection 4 years prior. One week later calf hyperpigmentation and induration developed, with progression up the legs, and eventual purulent draining ulceration (daughter). The third patient, a 34-year-old female, presented with pink-brown macules on both buttocks after receiving silicone injections 9 months earlier. The fourth patient, a 31-year-old female, developed skin lesions on the buttocks after silicone injections. The fifth patient, a 43-year-old female, developed sclerodermoid plaques on the buttocks after silicone injection. The first two biopsies showed large spaces in tissue, calcinosis cutis, dermal sclerosis, granulation tissue, and lymphedema. The third biopsy revealed foreign body reaction to non-polarizing material, the fourth lipogranulomatous reaction, and the fifth microvacuolar change with scar. Biopsies post-injection of cosmetic filler materials typically show macrovacuolar "swiss cheese" changes, and later microvacuolar changes with considerable granulomatous reaction. The reactions here were clinically severe, and may reflect adulteration of injected materials. We believe these cases augur a public health epidemic given a proliferation of non-medical cosmetic "mills" which offer illicit cosmetic procedures. [source] Sea-urchin granuloma: histologic profile.JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2001A pathologic study of 50 biopsies Background: Sea-urchin granuloma is a chronic granulomatous skin lesion caused by injury with sea-urchin spines. Frequently these lesions occur on the hands and develop several months after the initial injury. Classified as an allergic foreign-body reaction, their most common histological pattern resembles sarcoid. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the light microscopic features of biopsies from lesions clinically diagnosed of sea-urchin granolomas. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 50 biopsy specimens corresponding to 35 patients with sea-urchin granulomas. These lesions were caused by injuries with the spines of the sea-urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Data were collected between 1990 and 1999 from patients in the seashore of Galicia (NW Atlantic coast, Spain). Results: The cohort consisted of 35 patients (31 males, 4 females), with a median age of 35 years (range 14,60 years). The median duration of the disease was 7.5 months (range 2,60 months). We identified different histopathologic patterns. A granulomatous reaction was observed in 39 biopsies (78%). In 70% corresponding to 35 biopsies this granulomatous reaction was predominant. Foreign-body, sarcoidal, tuberculoid, necrobiotic and suppurative granulomas were identified. The remaining 15 biopsies (30%) showed a predominant inflammatory reaction with features of non-specific chronic inflammation or suppurative dermatitis. A panel of histopathologic features, including epidermal and dermal changes were evaluated. Presence of focal necrosis and microabscesses were common findings. In 50% of our specimens we found umbilication and/or perforation. Additional features included the presence of inclusion epidermoid cysts in four cases and squamous syringometaplasia in one case. Conclusions: Our observations suggest that sea-urchin granuloma span a wide morphologic spectrum. A granulomatous inflammatory reaction was predominant, with the foreign body and sarcoidal types the most frequent patterns. Other histopathologic patterns with non granulomatous inflammation can be noted. Some features, such as the frequency of perforation and the presence of necrobiotic granulomas have not previously been recognized in the literature. [source] Systemic granulomatous necrotizing vasculitis in a MPO,ANCA-positive patientPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 8 2004Atsushi Kurata We present a case of myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO,ANCA)-associated vasculitis that demonstrated a systemic granulomatous lesion at autopsy. The patient initially showed anorexia, general malaise and anemia. Colon fiber was examined to detect the bleeding site, which revealed ischemic mucosal damage associated with venous fibrin thrombus. Because a high titer of MPO,ANCA was found, ANCA-associated vasculitis was suspected and the patient was started on steroid pulse therapy. However, anemia, renal failure and respiratory failure worsened and the patient died of sudden cardiac failure 2 days after the start of the therapy. An autopsy revealed systemic arteritis in multiple organs including the kidneys, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal system and genital organs that indicated fibrinoid necrosis accompanied by granulomatous reaction with multinucleated giant cells; the granulomatous reaction further extended along the splenic capsule. Glomerulonephritis and diffuse pulmonary damage, which are common in MPO,ANCA-associated vasculitis, were almost absent but parapleural fibrosis was present. The direct cause of death was presumed to be hemorrhagic shock due to rupture of an aneurysm in the gastric subserosa. As far as we know, this is the first case of a systemic granulomatous reaction in MPO,ANCA-positive vasculitis, although the cause of the granulomatous lesion is unknown. [source] Generalised granulomatous disease in a horseAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 1-2 2004JE AXON A 6-year-old gelding was referred with a 3-month history of recurrent fever, inappetance, lethargy and weight loss. On clinical examination major findings were depression, thin condition, thrombophlebitis, nodules on the scrotal skin, leukocytosis, hyperfibrinogenaemia and hyperglobulinaemia. Pleural fluid and areas of lung consolidation were seen on ultrasonographic examination of the thorax. A diagnosis of chronic respiratory disease was made. Initially there was a response to antibiotic therapy but the horse was presented 3 months later with continued weight loss, recurrent fever and multifocal skin lesions, characterised by scales, crusts and nodules, affecting the nasal bridge, jugular grooves, ventral neck, withers, scrotum, prepuce, and medial gaskins. Histological evaluation of skin biopsies indicated a granulomatous reaction. On ultra-sonographic examination of the thorax multiple hypoechoic lesions consistent with granulomas were seen in both lungs. A diagnosis of generalised granulomatous disease was made. The horse was euthanased at the owner's request. On necropsy examination the main findings were multiple nodules of fibrotic granulomatous inflammation in the lung, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract and mesenteric lymph nodes, supporting the diagnosis of generalised granulomatous disease. [source] Angioedema after ovine hyaluronidase injection for treating hyaluronic acid overcorrectionJOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Pierre Andre MD Summary Background, Hyaluronic acid injections are becoming popular in aesthetic dermatology, and, sometimes, misplacements and very rarely adverse events have been reported. Hyaluronidase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid, is used to treat overcorrection or granulomatous reactions. Allergic reactions are well known except for how frequent they occur. Objective, This paper aims to confirm the efficacy of hyaluronidase injections to dissolve hyaluronic acid, but insists on the risk of hypersensitivity with animal-derived products. Methods, A case of angioedema due to ovine hyaluronidase is reported, and treatment is discussed. Conclusion, Hyaluronidase is highly effective, but skin test must be done before injection to avoid risk of angioedema and/or Quincke's edema. [source] Management of complications after implantation of fillersJOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Koenraad De Boulle Summary Soft tissue augmentation is widely practised by a variety of different practitioners. A new classification of filler substances and procedures, taking into account long-term safety and reversibility of side effects, is proposed: i non-permanent and biodegradable, ii,semi-permanent and biodegradable, iii,permanent and reversible, iv,permanent and non-reversible. Complications and adverse effects occur with all fillers and all filler procedures. Insufficient experience is an important contributory factor. Underreporting is probably common. Commonest are haematomas, ecchymoses, infections, papulopustular or acneiform lesions, non-hypersensitivity related swelling and oedema, erythema, changes in pigmentation, palpability of the implant and necrosis of overlying tissue. Specific therapeutic approaches for these complications and practical recommendations to minimize or avoid them are discussed. Hypersensitivity reactions and granuloma formation are the most distressing adverse effects. They can occur with most fillers. Mostly these hypersensitivity reactions are local granulomas but, rarely, generalized reactions also occur. Case reports of systemic reactions after injection of hyaluronic acid are documented. Treatments include steroids, minocycline and immunomodulatory agents, such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus and ascomycin. In selected cases, surgical procedures are necessary to elimirate granulomatous reactions. Implant migration and facial lipoatrophy are encountered with certain compounds. Extreme caution is therefore advocated before using permanent and non-reversible products for soft tissue augmentation. Those who use fillers need to be familiar with the complications of fillers and with the treatment of those complications. [source] A diagnostic trap for the dermatopathologist: granulomatous reactions from cutaneous microimplants for cosmetic purposesJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Vincenzo Mustacchio We present a case of late granulomatous reactions from silicone that first appeared in a site different from that of the injection causing an incorrect diagnosis of liposarcoma in the beginning. The histological picture was a cystic-macrophagic granuloma in both the injection site (upper lip) and the migrating site (paranasal regions). We think that the foreign body has undergone an antigravity migration from the upper lip to the right paranasal region. To our knowledge, such a phenomenon has not been yet reported in literature. [source] Detection and identification of aquatic mycobacteria in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fish tissuesJOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 5 2009F Pourahmad Abstract The isolation of mycobacteria from field samples is problematic, and isolation of the bacterium is sometimes not even attempted. The detection of mycobacteria through traditional histology using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues is neither sensitive nor specific. However, detection of mycobacterial DNA from FFPE specimens, suspected of being infected with mammalian mycobacteriosis, is a routine clinical procedure. In the present study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method was used to detect and identify mycobacteria in FFPE specimens sampled from fish suspected of being infected with fish mycobacteriosis. A total of 45 fish tissue samples, comprising of 12 tissue samples obtained from experimentally infected fish and the remainder from fish naturally infected with mycobacteria, were analysed using a PCR protocol which amplifies a fragment of the mycobacterial 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) gene. PCR-restriction enzyme analysis and/or sequencing were employed to further analyse the PCR amplicons. The PCR results were compared with those obtained by histology and culture. Mycobacterial DNA was detected in 34 of the 45 samples examined, of which 16 samples (47%) showed granulomatous reactions on histological examination. Using histology as the gold standard, no false-negative PCR results were obtained. Also, considering the presence or absence of granulomas as a diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR in 42 of the FFPE tissues were 16/16 (100%) and 8/26 (,30.8%), respectively. Corresponding microbiological cultures were available for 15 cases, of which 13 were pure Mycobacterium cultures. Of these, 13 were PCR positive (100% sensitivity and 50% specificity). The PCR-based methods used here proved sensitive, specific and rapid for the detection of mycobacteria in routinely processed paraffin wax-embedded and formalin-fixed histological samples, and the results of the study suggest that this method has potential use in retrospective epidemiological studies. [source] Delayed immune-mediated adverse effects related to hyaluronic acid and acrylic hydrogel dermal fillers: clinical findings, long-term follow-up and review of the literatureJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 2 2008J Alijotas-Reig Abstract Introduction Implantation of dermal filler for cosmetic purposes is becoming increasingly common worldwide. It is thought that hyaluronic acid (HA) alone or combined with acrylic hydrogels (HA-AH) does not have severe nor persistent side-effects. However, recent evidence may show that major, local and/or systemic, immediate or delayed adverse effects may appear in relation with its use. Objective To evaluate the clinical complaints, laboratory data, treatment and follow-up of patients with delayed adverse effects related to HA and HA-AH implant fillers. Design Prospective, case-series study of patients filled with HA and HA-AH compounds. Setting The study has been done in a tertiary, teaching university hospital. Patients We report on a series of 25 patients, 15 of them in prospective manner, with severe, delayed side-effects related to HA-AH. Inclusion criteria have been drawn up. Patients with immediate side-effects were excluded. Patients were submitted to a clinical follow-up, battery of blood tests and thorax X-ray films. Besides, a review of the literature was made. We undertook a computed-assisted (MEDLINE), National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA, search of the literature from 1996 up to December 2005. Main outcome Clinical evaluation of granulomas, skin manifestations and other local and systemic immune-mediated disorders possibly related to HA and HA-AH fillers or their cumulative interaction with previously administered fillers. Results Of 25 cases, 16 were filled with HA alone and 9 with a HA-AH compounds. Of 15 cases analysed and with long-term follow-up, 10 were filled with HA alone, and the remaining five were filled with a HA-AH. Time latency average up to beginning of symptoms was 13.7 months. Three of these 15 cases had been filled before with silicone and another one with Artecoll. Tender nodules were seen in 14 patients. Systemic manifestations appeared in three cases. Laboratory abnormalities were noted in all studied cases. After 16-month average follow-up, seven patients seem to be cured, and six have recurrent bouts. Two cases were lost during follow-up. Conclusion Although in some cases, these clinical complications might have been associated with previous fillers or with other unknown foreign bodies, we feel that, although infrequently, delayed and recurrent chronic inflammatory and granulomatous reactions may complicate HA and HA-AH implant fillers. [source] Current knowledge of host response in human tineaMYCOSES, Issue 4 2009J. Brasch Summary Skin infection caused by dermatophytes is called tinea. In this short review, the known mechanisms and factors involved in human tinea and important for the host response are briefly delineated. To establish tinea, fungal propagules must attach to the skin, germinate and overcome the epidermal barrier. Keratinases and other enzymes are released in this process and host keratinocytes are activated. This is followed by an inflammatory response mediated by a plentitude of cytokines and receptors, comprising innate as well as acquired immunity, including neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, antibodies and T cells. Cellular defence mechanisms appear to be decisive for clearing of infection. Nails and hair follicles are the particular sites often invaded by dermatophytes that show distinctive patterns of infection. Nails are largely excluded from defence mechanisms and steroid hormones of the pilosebaceous units may have a particular effect on follicular infection. Fungal invasion of the dermis can cause granulomatous reactions. Immune reactions to dermatophytes may lead to sterile eruptions distant from the infected skin areas. [source] Allergic Contact Granuloma: An Uncommon Reaction to Pierced Earrings in a ChildPEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2009KARA CAPRIOTTI M.D. The most common inciting metal is nickel. Allergic contact granulomatous reactions to pierced earrings are rare, and are often more nodular in appearance and associated with metals other than nickel. We hereby report the first case of allergic contact granulomas associated with pierced earrings in a child. [source] Effect of adamantylamide dipeptide as adjuvant therapy to praziquantel in mice infected with different S. mansoni isolates,APMIS, Issue 7-8 2006SANAA BOTROS This work investigated the possible use of AdDP as adjuvant therapy to praziquantel (PZQ) in mice infected with PZQ-insusceptible Schistosoma mansoni isolate in a trial to increase the susceptibility of this isolate to the drug. Two batches of C57 BL/6 mice were infected with PZQ-susceptible and -insusceptible S. mansoni isolates, and each batch was divided into five groups. Seven weeks postinfection, the experimental group received AdDP (5 mg/kg) in addition to PZQ in reduced dose (3×100 mg/kg). Three of the remaining four groups were treated controls; they received AdDP, PZQ in reduced dose and in full dose (2×500 mg/kg), and the fourth group was infected untreated. In mice infected with PZQ-susceptible or -insusceptible S. mansoni isolate, praziquantel alone, and in addition to AdDP, reduced worm and egg loads and increased percentage dead eggs. Also, they improved the histopathological changes (reduction in granuloma diameter, percentage fibrotic area with increased percentage degenerated eggs). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO) in culture of peritoneal macrophages, and number of CD68-positive cells were decreased with improved alanine amino transaminase. In mice receiving combined therapy AdDP+PZQ, the antischistosomal efficacy and the reductions in the inflammatory granulomatous reactions, NO in cultured peritoneal macrophages, percentage fibrotic areas recorded, were comparable to that in mice receiving full dose of PZQ, with significantly higher reduction in CD68 cells denoting enhanced antischistosomal efficacy and healing of the inflammatory reactions in the liver. [source] Two cases of delayed granulomatous reactions to the cosmetic filler DermaliveŽ, a hyaluronic acid and acrylic hydrogelBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2006J.E. Angus No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||