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Graves
Terms modified by Graves Selected AbstractsTOMBS FOR THE DEAD, MONUMENTS TO ETERNITY: THE DELIBERATE DESTRUCTION OF MEGALITHIC GRAVES BY FIRE IN THE INTERIOR HIGHLANDS OF IBERIA (SORIA PROVINCE, SPAIN)OXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 3 2010MANUEL A. ROJO-GUERRA Summary An interpretation of the features surrounding the complex and deliberate closure ritual in several collective Middle Neolithic tombs of the Ambrona Valley (Soria) is offered, where fire and quicklime played a major role in the rituals. The problems involved in the excavation and the understanding of this complex burial evidence are examined. The roles they might have played in the context of the important social and economic transformations of the local Neolithic groups around the end of the fourth millennium cal BC are also analysed. It is argued that the burial rituals tried to reinforce group solidarity at a time when the community was beginning to fragment, as the economic systems began to yield a surplus production whose management would have altered political structures. [source] From Cradle to Grave: Extended Producer Responsibility for Household Hazardous Wastes in British ColumbiaJOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Ronald J. Driedger Summary Household hazardous wastes (HHWs), the discarded pesticides, solvents, paints, lubricating oil, and similar products common to residences throughout the industrial world, create problems for governments charged with managing solid waste. When disposed of improperly in landfills or incinerators or if dumped illegally, HHW may contribute to soil and water contamination. A most common management tool for HHW is a special collection effort that segregates HHW from normal trash and disposes of it in an approved manner, all at a higher cost to the governmental jurisdiction. The Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) has undertaken a different approach, based on the use of extended producer responsibility (EPR). BC's efforts began in 1992 with adoption of a regulation on used lubricating oil (lube oil). More than 40 million liters (L) of used lube oil have been collected annually through the EPR system established under this regulation. A regulation establishing producer responsibility for postconsumer paints followed in 1994. BC enacted an additional regulation establishing EPR in 1997 for solvents/flammable liquids, domestic pesticides, gasoline, and pharmaceuticals. As a result of the application of EPR to HHW, local government costs for managing HHW and the amount of HHW identified in municipal waste have declined. Although the regulations appear to have mixed success in prompting consumers to avoid products that result in HHW, there are indications that they may be more effective than conventional management efforts. Based on BC's experience with EPR, key factors for successful implementation include maintaining flexibility in program design, creating viable funding alternatives, aggressive enforcement to provide a level playing field, and adopting policies that maximize diversion of HHW from landfills, while minimizing waste generation, setting targets for reuse and recycling, promoting consumer awareness and convenience, involving local government jurisdictions, and monitoring outcomes. [source] Muhammad's Grave: Death Rites and the Making of Islamic Society by Leor HaleviAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 3 2008IAN STRAUGHN No abstract is available for this article. [source] Walter Benjamin's Grave by Michael TaussigAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 1 2008RICHARD SHAPIRO No abstract is available for this article. [source] Multiple eruptive dermatofibromas in a patient with Graves-Basedow diseaseJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2008N Lopez [source] Walter Miles, Pop Warner, B. C. Graves, and the psychology of footballJOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2006Frank G. Baugh In 1926,1927, a graduate student, B. C. Graves, working with Stanford University psychologist Walter Miles and legendary football coach Pop Warner, conducted an investigation of variations in signal calling as they affected the charging times of football players. The study was one of two that involved Miles and the ingenious multiple chronograph that he had invented to time the reactions of seven players simultaneously. These studies represented a brief digression in the career of Miles, who certainly was no sport psychologist. They tell of an interesting collaboration between scientist and coaches that produced one of the richest studies in sport psychology in the first half of the twentieth century. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] D. W. McRobbie, E. A. Moore, M. J. Graves and M. R. Prince.MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue 10 2004from picture to proton. [source] Jewish Graves in Europe: public commemoration or ritual space?MUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1-2 2010Max Polonovski First page of article [source] Book review: The Scientific Investigations of Mass Graves: Towards Protocols and Standard Operating ProceduresAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009William R. Belcher No abstract is available for this article. [source] Development of Feminizing Genitoplasty for Gender DysphoriaTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 4i 2007FRCS(Urol), Jonathan Charles Goddard MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Determining the history and development of feminizing genitoplasty is fascinating and instructive but fraught with difficulty. Earliest examples relate to practices carried out in ancient cultures. Gender reassignment surgery (GRS) developed from reconstructive procedures for congenital abnormalities. Some surgery was disguised, techniques were not recorded, and operations were carried out in secret. Aim., The aim of this article is to review the historical development of male-to-female GRS. Methods., Information was gleaned from Medline and general Internet searches. Further evidence was found by reviewing the references of early articles. A fascinating insight was also found in the autobiographies of GRS patients. Results., The first recorded case was by Abrahams in 1931. Techniques evolved from the early vaginal absence work of Beck and Graves. Pioneers of GRS were Sir Harold Gillies in England and Georges Burou of Casablanca. In the 1950s, they both used invagination of the penile skin sheath to form a vagina. Howard Jones, of Johns Hopkins, published the second classic technique using penile and scrotal skin flaps. These two methods form the basis of male-to-female GRS today. The history of GRS reveals a struggle to improve functionality as well as cosmesis. In particular, the neovagina but also a functioning neoclitoris, which has developed from a cosmetic swelling into an innovated organ, derived from the glans penis and harvested penile neurovascular bundle. Conclusions., Improved function and cosmesis continue to be the aim of the gender dysphoria surgeon. However, this review suggests the future management of transwomen should address not only refinements of surgical techniques but also prospective collection of posttreatment quality-of-life issues. Goddard JC, Vickery RM, and Terry TR. Development of feminizing genitoplasty for gender dysphoria. J Sex Med 2007;4:981,989. [source] Engagement in a medium secure personality disorder service: A comparative study of psychological functioning and offending outcomesCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2010Lucy McCarthy Background,Specialist treatment programmes for personality disordered offenders suffer from high rates of non-completion. This has important consequences for service providers and individual patients. Method,Data from hospital records and the Offenders Index were compared for groups of treatment completers (n = 22) and non-completers (n = 59) discharged from a specialist treatment programme. Results,Twenty-seven per cent of patients completed treatment, 37% were expelled for rule breaking and 35% disengaged early from treatment. Psychometric assessments of anger expression and anxiety showed no differences between the groups, however, treatment completers showed lower levels of impulsivity and psychopathy than either of the non-completer groups. Rates of post-discharge offending for grave and standard list offences were 56.8 and 10.8%, respectively. Conclusions,Despite careful selection methods, a large proportion of personality-disordered patients admitted to specialist units failed to complete treatment. Psychometric assessments of anger expression, anxiety and impulsivity showed limited utility in differentiating treatment completers and non-completers. Sample size limitations in this naturalistic follow-up impacted on the interpretation of differences observed between the groups on the primary outcome measure of re-offending after discharge. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical Injury to the Eye from Trichloroacetic AcidDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 7 2002Jason F. Fung MD background. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is frequently utilized for chemical peeling by physicians practicing dermatologic surgery. Ocular complications from TCA have not been reported previously. objective. The purpose of this article is to underscore the irritating and corrosive effects of TCA on the eye. methods. A patient is described who experienced seepage of 35% TCA into the eye during a chemical peel. results. The patient developed marked conjunctivitis of the affected eye and abrasions involving 25% of the cornea. conclusion. TCA must be applied carefully around the eyes to avoid ocular complications, which albeit rare, can be quite grave if not addressed in a timely manner. [source] The transition to an advanced organic economy: half a millennium of English agriculture1ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2006E. A. WRIGLEY All organic economies were subject to constraints upon growth for reasons familiar to the classical economists, but their relative success in coping with these constraints differed substantially. This is visible both when comparing different areas at the same point in time and when comparing the circumstances of a given economy at different points in time. In this article the state of the English economy in 1300 is compared with its state in 1800. At the former date the balance between output and population was unfavourable. A run of poor harvests spelled grave and widespread suffering. Five hundred years later this had ceased to be true. The particular focus of the article is upon the significance of a rising level of productivity per head in agriculture, not simply in supplying food but in providing the raw materials and energy needed if industry and transport were to expand. In the circumstances of an organic economy both were heavily dependent upon the ,surplus' made available by a productive agriculture after meeting the needs of the population for food. [source] Necropoli of Pill'e Matta Quartucciu (Cagliari, Sardinia): wild bee and solitary wasp activity and bone diagenetic factorsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 3 2009E. Pittoni Abstract During the excavation at the necropolis and the laboratory studies, a variety of damage was found in the human bone remains. This damage included round holes, irregular bone destruction and irregular etching. This can be found especially in the skulls and in the long bones, and sometimes in the vertebrae and on the hands and feet. The exceptionality of this demanded meticulous study in order to define whether it was a diagenetic phenomenon of biological origin. Further studies revealed that the damage to the bones was produced by three kinds of Hymenoptera that build galleries: one of these belongs to the Sphecidae family, the other two to the Halictidae family. During the excavation of a grave it had been observed that a Halictidae had invaded the burial context and consequently contributed to the taphonomic and diagenetic process. The laboratory activities were directed towards the measurement of the damage to the human bone remains in 45 tombs. A histogram shows that the holes are not the result of accidental lesions, and the more frequent percentage values show similarities with the dimensions of holes built by the insects. The observations and the results of the study at the archaeological site enabled me to establish how significant the role of the insects had been, in particular of the Hymenoptera, in modifying the condition of the bone remains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The burial of Bad Dürrenberg, Central Germany: osteopathology and osteoarchaeology of a Late Mesolithic shaman's graveINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 5 2006M. Porr Abstract The isolated burial of Bad Dürrenberg is one of the richest Mesolithic graves in Europe. Although it was excavated in the 1930s, new spectacular anthropological and archaeological evidence has emerged during a recent re-study. Firstly, we present here the results of an anthropological re-evaluation of certain features of the skull base and the foramen magnum. Our work has clearly established that the observable features are caused by an anatomical variation that also includes an atlar anomaly. This developmental variation possibly caused various neuropathological symptoms. The Bad Dürrenberg burial consequently represents a unique case of the possible interpretation of abnormal behaviours in a shamanistic fashion in a prehistoric context. Secondly, we have identified the LSAMAT phenomenon (Lingual Surface Attrition of the Maxillary Anterior Teeth) in the adult individual of the burial. The activities leading to this condition are unknown so far. Thirdly, a split roe deer metatarsus among the burial goods was identified as being involved in the preparation or application of red pigment. The lack of polish and other use wear make it likely that it was produced and used as part of the burial ritual. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Prevalence rates of spondylolysis in British skeletal populationsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 3 2005L. Fibiger Abstract As an activity-related pathological lesion, spondylolysis and its prevalence rates are indicative of relative diachronic activity levels in different populations. In this paper we document the prevalence of spondylolytic defects in a series of time-successive populations with special reference to the recording methods employed, and compare the findings with modern clinical studies. We identify epidemiological trends in expression of the condition through 1500 years in a series of skeletonised human remains from England. This includes a 5th,6th-century settlement, a 15th-century mass grave, a 14th to 17th-century rural parish, a medieval Dominican friary, a medieval leper hospital and an 18th to 19th-century crypt collection. These skeletal populations sample human groups experiencing considerable social change from an agrarian, non-centralised early medieval period through the development of the medieval state to the earliest phases of industrialisation in England. A detailed study of all lumbar vertebrae in one of the assemblages highlights discrepancies between clinical prevalence rates for spondylolysis established through radiography, and those resulting from direct osteological analysis of the lumbar region of the vertebral column. Current prevalence rates cited in the osteological as well as the clinical literature are greatly dependent upon the recording methods employed, and the effects of several methods for osteological remains are considered in this treatment. For the populations reported on here, prevalence rates vary from considerably less than 1% to as much as 12%, depending on the method selected. A standardised recording method for spondylolytic lesions is suggested to facilitate accurate prevalence reporting and comparison of activity levels between different populations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] On the accuracy of estimating living stature from skeletal length in the grave and by linear regressionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 2 2005H. C. Petersen Abstract This study evaluates a method for obtaining stature estimates for populations represented by skeletal material, with individuals buried in a supine position. During the excavation of a Danish mediaeval cemetery, in situ skeletal length in the grave was measured from a point above the cranial point farthest from the body to the most distal point of the talus. The measurement was made with a folding rule placed on the sagittal midline of the skeleton, allowed to follow any curvature of the skeleton in situ. In the laboratory, stature was reconstructed anatomically, and this stature was regarded as an accurate estimate of living stature. Stature was also reconstructed from femur length by two linear regression procedures: 1) by sample and sex specific formulae, employing a leave-one-out approach, and 2) by sex wise formulae for Euro-Americans from Trotter & Gleser (1952, American Journal of Physical Anthropology10: 463,514). Skeletal length in the grave and the two stature estimates based on linear regression were compared to anatomically reconstructed stature. Skeletal length in the grave estimated anatomically reconstructed stature with practically no bias (95% CI: ,1.3,1.5,cm). Sample specific regression formulae estimated anatomically reconstructed stature also with no bias (95% CI: ,1.2,1.1,cm). In contrast, statures calculated from Trotter & Gleser's regression formulae estimated anatomically reconstructed stature with a bias of about 4,cm (95% CI: 3.3,5.0,cm). Estimates of stature variance were biased for all three estimation procedures. However, for samples of adults, an adjusted variance estimate can be obtained by subtracting 8.7,cm2 from the variance obtained from skeletal lengths in the grave. It is recommended to measure skeletal length in the grave whenever possible, and use this measurement for estimating statures for prehistoric and early historic populations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A sixteenth-century warrior grave from Uppsala, Sweden: the Battle of Good FridayINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 1 2005A. KjellströmArticle first published online: 6 SEP 200 Abstract Little is known about the Battle of Good Friday in Uppsala. The historical records are scarce and of limited extent. Moreover, the more spectacular event of the Stockholm Bloodbath has drawn most of the attention from both the contemporary public and later historians. This is why the discovery of a mass grave in the steep slope of Uppsala Castle in 2001 has provoked much interest. An analysis of the osseous material showed that the remains of at least 60 male individuals, mostly between 25,34 years of age, were buried in the excavated area. The demographic profile is largely similar to other European war-related skeletal assemblages of the same era. Sharp force trauma was exhibited primarily on the skulls, with no obvious dominance to either side. The trauma distribution pattern suggests that the battle was not fought face-to-face. Blade wounds concentrated in specific regions imply a standardised technique when delivering the blows. The combination of commingled bones and articulated elements suggests that the individuals were in different stages of skeletonisation when buried. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A case study of os cuneiforme mediale bipartum from Sigtuna, SwedenINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 6 2004A. KjellströmArticle first published online: 16 NOV 200 Abstract An adult male from an early Medieval mass grave in Sigtuna displayed bilateral os cuneiforme mediale bipartum. This is an unusual congenital anomaly and this study is the first published example found in an archaeological skeletal assemblage in Sweden. Another adult male in the same grave shows horizontal grooves of both medial cuneiform bones. This paper discusses a possible hereditary tendency of the anomalies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A high status burial from Ripon Cathedral, North Yorkshire, England: differential diagnosis of a chest deformityINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 6 2003S. Groves Abstract Excavations beneath the crossing at Ripon Cathedral in North Yorkshire recently revealed a burial radiocarbon dated to the late 15th century AD. The burial was that of a young adult female; the location of the grave suggests a person of relatively high status. The very well preserved skeleton revealed abnormal changes to the bones of the thoracic cavity including anterior bowing of the sternum, flattening of the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae three to nine against the processes below each one, and changes to the ribs that suggested anterior displacement of the rib cage. The skeletal changes are described and differential diagnoses presented. Treatment to an underlying chest deformity, ,pectus carinatum', is thought to be the underlying cause of the skeletal changes; this study may lend direct insight into the concepts of body image in the Medieval period. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A case of Madelung's deformity in a skeleton from Nuragic SardiniaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Alessandro Canci Abstract The case reported here refers to the skeletal remains of a mature adult male found in a collective grave known as ,Giant's tomb' located near Donori (Sardinia) and dating to the end of the Bronze Age. The skeleton showed bilateral shortening of the forearm associated to radial bowing, marked deformations at the radio-ulnar distal joints and subsequent posterior dislocation of both ulnae. The whole alterations fit well with a diagnosis of Madelung's deformity, a rare form of mesomelic dysplasia. At present, this case is the most ancient evidence of Madelung's deformity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Early age reproduction in female savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) after severe poachingAFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2009M. J. Owens Abstract A 10-year study revealed that after severe poaching (>93% killed) of elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Zambia's North Luangwa National Park (NLNP) during the 1970s and 1980s, the age of reproduction in females was greatly reduced. Fifty-eight per cent of births were delivered by females aged 8.5,14 years, an age at which elephants were reported to be sexually immature in nearby South Luangwa National Park (SLNP) before poaching. The mean age of females at first birth (AFB) (1993, 1994) was 11.3 years. Prior to poaching, the mean age AFB in SLNP was 16 years. The NLNP age structure and sex ratio were skewed, mean family unit size was reduced, and 37% of family units contained no females older than 15 years. Twenty-eight per cent of family units were comprised entirely of a single mother and her calf, and 8% of units consisted only of orphans who would have been considered sexually immature prior to poaching. Only 6% of survivors were older than 20 years, the age at which females in little-poached populations generally become most reproductively active. After a community-based conservation programme and the UN-CITES ban on the ivory trade were introduced, no elephants were recorded killed. In spite of a high reproductive rate, 6 years after poaching decreased, the density of the NLNP population had not increased, supporting predictions that the removal of older matriarchs from family units will have serious consequences on the recovery of this species. Résumé Une étude qui a duré dix ans a révélé qu'après un braconnage très grave (>93% tués) des éléphants (Loxodonta africana) dans le Parc National de Luangwa Nord (NLNP), en Zambie au cours des années 1970 et 1980, l'âge de la reproduction chez les femelles a fort baissé. Cinquante-huit pour cent des naissances se sont passées chez des femelles qui avaient entre 8,5 et 14 ans, un âge auquel les éléphants étaient dits être encore sexuellement immatures dans le Parc National de Luangwa Sud (SLNP), tout proche, avant le braconnage. L'âge moyen des femelles à la première mise-bas (AFB ,at first birth) (1993, 1994) était de 11,3 ans. Avant le braconnage, l'âge moyen à la première mise-bas était de 16 ans au SLNP. Au NLNP, la structure d'âge et le sex-ratio ont été faussés, la taille moyenne de l'unité familiale a été réduite, et 37% des familles ne contiennent aucune femelle de plus de 15 ans. Vingt-huit pour cent des unités familiales n'étaient composées que d'une mère seule et de son jeune, et huit pour cent n'étaient composées que d'orphelins qui devaient être considérés comme sexuellement immatures avant le braconnage. Seuls six pour cent des survivants avaient plus de 20 ans, l'âge auquel les femelles de populations peu braconnées deviennent généralement les plus actives en matière de reproduction. Après l'introduction d'un programme de conservation communautaire et l'interdiction, par la CITES-UN, du commerce de l'ivoire, on n'a plus enregistré aucun massacre d'éléphant. Malgré un taux élevé de reproduction, la densité de population du NLNP n'a pas augmenté, ce qui conforte les prédictions que l'enlèvement des plus vieilles matriarches des unités familiales aura de sérieuses conséquences sur la restauration de cette espèce. [source] Skeletal Estimation and Identification in American and East European Populations,JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 3 2008Erin H. Kimmerle Ph.D. Abstract:, Forensic science is a fundamental transitional justice issue as it is imperative for providing physical evidence of crimes committed and a framework for interpreting evidence and prosecuting violations to International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The evaluation of evidence presented in IHL trials and the outcomes various rulings by such courts have in regard to the accuracy or validity of methods applied in future investigations is necessary to ensure scientific quality. Accounting for biological and statistical variation in the methods applied across populations and the ways in which such evidence is used in varying judicial systems is important because of the increasing amount of international forensic casework being done globally. Population variation or the perceived effect of such variation on the accuracy and reliability of methods is important as it may alter trial outcomes, and debates about the scientific basis for human variation are now making their way into international courtrooms. Anthropological data on population size (i.e., the minimum number of individuals in a grave), demographic structure (i.e., the age and sex distribution of victims), individual methods applied for identification, and general methods of excavation and trauma analysis have provided key evidence in cases of IHL. More generally, the question of population variation and the applicability of demographic methods for estimating individual and population variables is important for American and International casework in the face of regional population variation, immigrant populations, ethnic diversity, and secular changes. The reliability of various skeletal aging methods has been questioned in trials prosecuted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Prosecutor of the Tribunal against Radislav Krsti, (Case No. IT-98-33, Trial Judgment) and again in the currently ongoing trial of The Prosecutor of the Tribunal against Zdravko Tolimir, Radivolje Mileti,, Milan Gvero, Vinko Pandurevi,, Ljubisa Beara, Vujadin Popovi,, Drago Nikoli,, Milorad Trbi,, Ljubomir Borovcanin (IT-05-88-PT, Second Amended Indictment). Following the trial of General Krsti,, a collaborative research project was developed between the Forensic Anthropology Center at The University of Tennessee (UT) and the United Nations, International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Office of the Prosecutor (ICTY). The purpose of that collaboration was to investigate methods used for the demographic analysis of forensic evidence and where appropriate to recalibrate methods for individual estimation of age, sex, and stature for specific use in the regions of the former Yugoslavia. The question of "local standards" and challenges to the reliability of current anthropological methods for biological profiling in international trials of IHL, as well as the performance of such methods to meet the evidentiary standards used by international tribunals is investigated. Anthropological methods for estimating demographic parameters are reviewed. An overview of the ICTY-UT collaboration for research aimed at addressing specific legal issues is discussed and sample reliability for Balkan aging research is tested. The methods currently used throughout the Balkans are discussed and estimated demographic parameters obtained through medico-legal death investigations are compared with identified cases. Based on this investigation, recommendations for improving international protocols for evidence collection, presentation, and research are outlined. [source] Grave acidosis after severe anaphylactic bronchospasm: friend or foe?ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2007M. Pytte In a 20-year-old woman with known asthma, anaphylactic bronchospasm induced a grave combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis (pHa 6.66) with marked hypoxaemia (SaO2 45%). The beneficial effects of the rightward shift of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve on tissue O2 unloading at such pH was more than offset by the negative effect on SaO2 at the reduced PaO2 (7.0 kPa) found in this patient. This case illustrates the detrimental effect of grave acidosis on arterial blood oxygen content at subnormal PaO2 values, the beneficial effect of a supranormal PaO2 on the SaO2 in such patients, and the rapid remission rate of life-threatening acidosis and blood lactate after adequate ventilation and tissue oxygenation were secured. The initial treatment of the patient and clinically relevant considerations are discussed. [source] Thrombotic Endocarditis in 10 AlpacasJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2008A.M. Firshman Background: A description of the clinical signs and necropsy findings in 10 alpacas with thrombotic endocarditis. Animals: Clinical cases admitted to 2 veterinary referral hospitals between May 1998 and December 2006. Methods: A retrospective study was performed by searching hospital records to identify alpacas diagnosed with endocarditis. Results: Common clinical findings included sternal recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, and abdominal distension. Heart sounds were recorded as normal in 7 of 10 alpacas. Pleural and pericardial effusion and ascites were often present. Complete blood cell counts often suggested inflammation, and liver enzyme activity was often increased. When echocardiography was performed, a soft tissue density was imaged within the right ventricle. All alpacas died or were euthanized. Necropsy revealed mural endocarditis with right ventricular or biventricular fibrinous thrombi obliterating the ventricular lumina with no valvular involvement in 6 of 10 affected animals. Bacteria were not consistently identified as a cause for the endocarditic lesions. Eight of the 10 alpacas had evidence of hepatic fluke infestation. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Valvular and mural thrombotic endocarditis should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for hepatomegaly, abdominal distension, and other signs of right-sided congestive heart failure in alpacas. The prognosis of this disease is grave. [source] Processing the dead in neolithic orkneyOXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 2 2003STUART REILLY SummaryMegalithic tombs are a characteristic feature of Neolithic Orkney and have formed the focus of numerous studies. This article examines the surviving human skeletal remains found within these cairns in the hope of determining how the dead were processed during this period of prehistory. It is shown that the fate of the body was a long and complicated affair, which involved elements of both direct interment and excarnation. It is argued that the archaeological evidence reveals that in most cases an articulated corpse was directly interred in a tomb and then subsequently dismembered until only the skull remained. This process seemingly occurred amongst several cairns during the earlier Neolithic, and during the later Neolithic the practice was restricted to the confines of a single exclusive passage grave. [source] mtDNA from hair and nail clarifies the genetic relationship of the 15th century Qilakitsoq Inuit mummiesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2007M. Thomas P. Gilbert Abstract The 15th century Inuit mummies excavated at Qilakitsoq in Greenland in 1978 were exceptionally well preserved and represent the largest find of naturally mummified specimens from the Arctic. The estimated ages of the individuals, their distribution between two adjacent graves, the results of tissue typing, and incomplete STR results led researchers to conclude that the eight mummies formed two distinct family groups: A grandmother (I/5), two daughters (I/3, I/4), and their two children (I/1, I/2) in one grave, and two sisters (II/6, II/8) and a daughter (II/7) of one of them in the other. Using mtDNA from hair and nail, we have reanalyzed the mummies. The results allowed the unambiguous assignment of each of the mummies to one of three mtDNA haplogroups: A2b (I/5); A2a (I/2, I/3, II/6, II/8); A2a-311 (I/1, I/4, II/7), excluded some of the previous relations, and pointed to new ones. I/5 is not the grandmother/mother of the individuals in Grave I, and she is not maternally related to any of the seven other mummies; I/3 and I/4 are not sisters and II/7 is neither the daughter of II/6 nor of II/8. However, I/1 may be the child of either I/4 or II/7 and these two may be sisters. I/2 may be the son of I/3, who may be the daughter of either II/6 or II/8, and these two may be sisters. The observation of haplogroups A2a and A2b amongst the 550-year-old Inuit puts a lower limit on the age of the two lineages in Greenland. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Front and Back Covers, Volume 22, Number 3.ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 3 2006June 200 Front and back cover caption, volume 22 issue 3 Front & back cover ANTHROPOLOGY AND SOCIAL MEMORY The front cover shows a statue Of General Francisco Franco In the exhibition 'Franco, Listen!', held at the Museum of Vilafranca del Penedès, Barcelona. The statue was displayed with the aim of stimulating comment, dialogue and action among museum visitors around the time of the 30th anniversary of the dictator's death on 20 November 1975. It was attacked by a group of Catalan pro-independence activists, who poured red paint over Franco's head, invested him with a crown, and hung a sign around his neck reading: 'The Spanish Monarchy is a direct inheritance from Franco - end the hypocrisy.' The back cover shows a formerly unmarked mass grave strewn with floral tributes after a spontaneous ceremony led by relatives of the 46 people killed near Villamayor de los Montes (Burgos), following the exhumation of the bodies in July 2004. In this issue, Francisco Ferrándiz describes the debates taking place in Spain around the exhumation of mass graves from the Civil War (1936-1939). In the last few years the strength of the 'movement for the recovery of historical memory' linked to the exhumations has been such that some on the political right are denouncing the advent of a 'new hegemony of the defeated' that is taking the place of the 'agreement of all' which many believe was the trademark of the Spanish transition to democracy. Proposing that anthropologists visit and address the sites of memory - exhumations, cemeteries, political discourses, laws and commemorations, claims of victimhood, media reports, artistic performances, forensic laboratories, academic meetings and summer schools, historiographical debates, civil associations, historical archives, public and private rituals, narratives of the defeat and old photo albums, to name a few - Ferrándiz encourages anthropology to engage in 'rapid response' research, to diversify fieldwork locations, to modulate research strategies in order to address rapidly evolving problems, to continue visiting the sites of violence, past and present, and to produce the type of knowledge that allows us to participate in substantive ways in social and political debates well beyond our discipline and beyond our academic setting. [source] Magnetic ghosts: mineral magnetic measurements on Roman and Anglo-Saxon graves,,ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION, Issue 3 2004N. T. Linford Abstract The location of inhumations, in the absence of ferrous grave goods, often presents a considerable challenge to archaeological geophysics, given the small size of the features and the slight physical contrast between the fill of the grave and the surrounding subsoil. Even during excavation, the identification of graves may be complicated where site conditions do not favour the preservation of human skeletal remains and only a subtle soil stain is likely to survive. A recent initiative in the UK has seen the formation of the Buried Organic-matter,Decomposition Integrated with Elemental Status (BODIES) research group, to examine the decomposition of organic artefacts in ancient graves with respect to localized changes in pH, redox potential and nutrient status. This paper presents initial results from a limited mineral magnetic study of two grave sites in an attempt to ascertain whether the decomposition of organic remains may lead to a detectable magnetic signature within the soil. Results from a series of isothermal, hysteresis and magneto-thermal experiments will be presented together with surface magnetometer and topsoil susceptibility surveys. Copyright © Crown Copyright 2004. Recorded with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The origins of kingship in early medieval KentEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 1 2000Charlotte Behr In this article, it is argued that Bede's famous account of the origin and early development of the people and kings of Kent in Historia ecclesiastica (I.15) does not report historical events, but reflects eighth-century concepts of migration-period kingship with mythical links to the Jutes of Scandinavia. Bracteate evidence shows that the veneration of Woden existed in Kent by the sixth century. Support for a contemporary belief in the Scandinavian origin of Kentish kings is found in locally produced bracteates, which imitate Scandinavian styles, and where several recovered from Kentish cemeteries are found in close proximity to places with royal connections. These include the only known Kentish site linked to the veneration of Woden. Evidence suggests that Kentish genealogy reflects a mythical belief in ancestry from Woden, rather than historical descent from Scandinavian Jutes. Finally, it is argued that Kentish bracteates, usually found in exceptionally rich female graves, were worn by high status women. These women may have played a significant role in legitimizing new royal claims. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||