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Grain Legumes (grain + legume)
Selected AbstractsVirus impact at the interface of an ancient ecosystem and a recent agroecosystem: studies on three legume-infecting potyviruses in the southwest Australian floristic regionPLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007C. G. Webster The southwest Australian floristic region (SWAFR) is an internationally recognized ,hot spot' of global biodiversity and has an endangered flora. It represents a unique interface between an ancient ecosystem and a recent agroecosystem, providing the opportunity to investigate encounters where the recipient of the virus is an introduced crop and the donor a native plant and vice versa. Phylogenetic analysis of the virus coat-protein genes was used to study isolates of three potyviruses representing different ,new encounter' scenarios at this interface. The incidence, symptomatology, host range, non-persistent aphid transmission and considerable genetic diversity of the first indigenous virus described from the SWAFR, where it infects the native legume Hardenbergia comptoniana, and its potential to damage lupin, a locally important, newly introduced cultivated grain legume, was studied. The name Hardenbergia mosaic virus is proposed for this virus. Two other examples of ,new encounter' scenarios involving other legume-infecting potyviruses studied were: Passion fruit woodiness virus, which has been found only in Australasia, where it damages recently introduced species of Passiflora and legumes; and Bean yellow mosaic virus, which is not indigenous to Australia and was introduced recently to the SWAFR, where it infects a number of introduced legumes, but also damages the local native legume Kennedia prostrata. Isolates of the former had considerable genetic diversity consistent with the virus being indigenous, while isolates of the latter virus from K. prostrata had a low genetic diversity consistent with recent arrival. This research illustrates how introduced viruses can damage indigenous plants and indigenous viruses can damage introduced cultivated plants within this unique ecosystem, and how human activities can facilitate damaging ,new encounters' between plants and viruses. [source] Diversity examination based on physical, technological and chemical traits in a locally grown landrace of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. major)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 12 2009Giovanni Avola Summary Fifteen accessions of a locally adapted Sicilian population (,Larga di Leonforte') of faba bean were evaluated for their physical and technological properties and chemical composition. Results showed a high seed weight (1000 seed weight around 2500 × g) along with a great seed size with wide variability among accessions. When all data were combined, the seeds initial water uptake was 0.21 g min,1. Differences between accessions were found in hydration capacity (ranging between 133% and 160%) and retainable firmness after 40 min of cooking (ranging between 18.8 and 13.6 N cm,2). In addition, the average contents of 46.0, 25.2 and 2.6 g 100 g,1 dry weight basis were ascertained for starch, protein and tannin, respectively, with considerable variation among accessions. The result's interpretation, carried out through a methodological approach based on multivariate analysis, seem to support the view that parameters such as seed dimension, starch, protein and tannin content, can be effectively adopted as elements of comparison among landraces in grain legumes. [source] Effect of natural and controlled fermentation on flatus-producing compounds of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 10 2003Marisela Granito Abstract Fermentation of grain legumes is an efficient method to reduce the concentration of ,-galactosidic compounds that are known to be flatulence producers. Soluble dietary fibre has also been implicated in flatulence production; however, little information exists about the effectiveness of fermentation in diminishing the effects of these compounds. The objective of this work was to study the effect of natural fermentation (NF) and controlled fermentation (CF) on the content of ,-galactosides and dietary fibre in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. After 48 h, the pH during NF dropped from 6.15 to 4.00 and the nominal acidity increased six times; for CF, however, although the decrease in pH was similar to that for NF, the nominal acidity increased only three times after 48 h. Insoluble fibre content did not change the pH significantly after 96 h for NF and CF. Soluble fibre suffered an apparent removal after 48 h of NF and underwent a sharp reduction of 66% after 96 h of CF. The concentration of stachyose (the main ,-galactoside in raw beans) diminished notably after 48 h and 96 h NF (72% and 95% respectively), whereas with CF only 11% was removed after 96 h. NF of P vulgaris seems to be more effective than CF in reducing the flatulence-producer factors (,-galactosides and soluble dietary fibre). Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Variability of interactions between barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) genotypes and Orobanche speciesANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008M. Fernández-Aparicio Abstract A number of broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are major threats for grain legumes in the Mediterranean area. Previous studies have shown very high levels of resistance to Orobanche crenata in Medicago truncatula with little variation among accessions hampering, therefore, its use for genetic analysis. In order to identify alternative systems for ulterior genetic and genomic analysis, we studied early stages of the interaction between M. truncatula accessions and a range of Orobanche species. We found significant differences in the induction of germination on Orobanche aegyptiaca, Orobanche foetida var. broteri, Orobanche minor, Orobanche nana and Orobanche ramosa seeds. Accessions also varied in the number of O. aegyptiaca, O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri, O. nana and O. ramosa attachments supported. Applications of the synthetic germination stimulant GR24 increased the germination level of Orobanche cumana and O. minor. No attachments were observed for any of these species because of physical barriers typical of host resistance. On the contrary, increase of O. nana germination by GR24 led to an increase in number of attachments albeit the normal development of the nodules was stopped in a later stage. The genetic variation observed for induction of germination and subsequent attachment will be useful for isolating and characterising genes involved in early stages of Orobanche,host plant interaction and for the study of the biosynthetic pathways of production of germination stimulants. [source] | |||||||||||||