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Grading Schemes (grading + scheme)
Selected AbstractsA national retinal screening programme for diabetes in ScotlandDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 12 2003G. P. Leese Abstract The Health Technology Board Scotland (HTBS) have issued recommendations for eye screening in patients with diabetes. These are based on evidence-based clinical studies. Evidence-based studies do not answer all the practical issues, and some conclusions have thus been extrapolated from the known evidence base. Other factors such as patient issues, organizational issues and cost effectiveness have also been incorporated into the recommendations. HTBS recommend single-field digital retinal photography. Retinal photography best addresses the issues of adequate sensitivity and accountable quality assurance. Non-mydriatic photography is recommended, followed by immediate use of dilating eye drops if it is unsuccessful, followed by slit-lamp examination if both of these approaches fail. An independent grading scheme has been established, which is similar to the ,Global', and compatible with the National Screening Committee (NSC) grading scheme. The rationale for these recommendations, and debate behind some of the decisions, is laid out in this article. [source] Non-invasive papillary urothelial neoplasms: The 2004 WHO/ISUP classification systemPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2010Hiroshi Miyamoto The classification and grading of papillary urothelial neoplasms has been a long-standing subject of controversy. Previously, numerous diverse grading schemes for bladder tumor, including the 1973 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, existed whereby one of the major limitations was poor inter-observer reproducibility among pathologists. The WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus classification system of urothelial neoplasms of the urinary bladder was developed in 1998 and was revised most recently in 2003 (published in 2004). Importantly, the current classification system provides detailed histological criteria for papillary urothelial lesions and allows for designation of a lesion (papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential) with a negligible risk of progression. Thus, the latest system is designed to be a universally acceptable one for bladder tumors that not only could be effectively used by pathologists, urologists, and oncologists, but also stratifies the tumors into prognostically significant categories. This article outlines the 2004 WHO/ISUP classification system regarding the specific histological criteria for non-invasive papillary urothelial neoplasms and the clinical significance of each category. [source] Prognostic ability of simplified nuclear grading of renal cell carcinomaCANCER, Issue 5 2007Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq MD Abstract BACKGROUND. The Fuhrman grading system is an established predictor of survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The predictive accuracy of various Fuhrman grading schemes was tested with the intent of improving the prediction of RCC-specific survival (RCC-SS). METHODS. The analyses targeted 5453 patients from 14 institutions. Univariable, multivariable, and predictive accuracy analyses addressed RCC-SS. The statistical significance of the gain in predictive accuracy was quantified with the Mantel-Haenszel test. RESULTS. The median follow-up time was 4.5 years. In both univariable and multivariable analyses, Fuhrman grade achieved independent predictor status regardless of the coding scheme. When Fuhrman grade was not considered in multivariable analyses, the predictive accuracy was 83.8%. Addition of Fuhrman grade to the multivariable model resulted in predictive accuracy gains of 0.8% for all 3 grading schemes tested. CONCLUSION. Fuhrman grade must to be considered when RCC-SS is assessed. However, modified or conventional Fuhrman grading schemes perform equally well as the conventional grading system. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society. [source] | ||||||||||