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Government Initiatives (government + initiative)
Selected AbstractsImplications for nursing of the new national curriculum in personal, social and health education and education in citizenshipCHILDREN & SOCIETY, Issue 3 2001Therese Mill This article examines implications for nursing of the recent Government initiative to revise the National Curriculum in personal, social and health education (PSHE) in primary and secondary schools and to provide education in Citizenship for children and young people. Health education is but one strand of child health promotion which is rightly the concern of multidisciplinary team members. This initiative crosses the boundaries of health, education and social policy. It presents the challenge of new health promotion roles for child health nurses working in partnership with teachers in schools where the central focus will be empowerment of children and young people to fill their potential for achievement. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Influence of Social Background on Application and Entry to Higher Education in Scotland: a Multi-Level AnalysisHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2000Teresa TinklinArticle first published online: 9 OCT 200 This paper assesses the influence of social background on application and entry to higher education among Scottish school leavers using multi-level modelling. The context for the study is long-standing policy interest in widening access to higher education for under-represented groups. The analysis indicates that those from less advantaged backgrounds are disadvantaged at three stages in the process of entry to higher education: qualification, application and entry. The results support the need for explanations and interventions encompassing both individual and structural levels. Government initiatives aimed at widening access are discussed in light of the findings. [source] Management development in small firmsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT REVIEWS, Issue 3 2006Nerys Fuller-Love This paper is a review of the literature concerning management development in small firms. It looks at the benefits in terms of growing a small firm and whether the lack of management skills contributes to their failure. In addition, this paper looks at some of the barriers to management development, including the attitudes and characteristics of the entrepreneur, and also looks at learning models that may be appropriate for small firms. The paper also looks at the authors' views on the effectiveness of management development for small firms, the barriers to learning as well as the skills required. Management development programmes are now widely accepted as a means of improving the competitiveness of firms and the economy as a whole. Although management education and training has, in the past, been designed mainly for larger firms, there is a growing awareness of the requirements of small businesses. Government initiatives designed to encourage start-ups and to boost the growth of small firms have emphasized the importance of management development. This review of the literature shows that, on balance, management development programmes are effective for small firms. The main benefits appear to be survival and growth, reduction in failure and improvement in performance. The skills required include leadership and management, developing management systems and techniques and team building. Other skills include planning, delegation and financial management. The paper concludes that there is a need for further research into the effectiveness of management development programmes, the skills required and the barriers to learning in small firms and, also, whether they have an impact on the survival, growth and profitability of small firms. [source] Where is the evidence that rural exposure increases uptake of rural medical practice?AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 5 2007Geetha Ranmuthugala Abstract Australian Government initiatives to address medical workforce shortages in rural Australia include increasing the intake of students of rural background and increasing exposure to rural medicine during training. Rural-orientated medical training programs in the USA that selectively admit students from rural backgrounds and who intend to practise as family practitioners have demonstrated success in increasing uptake of practice in rural/underserved areas. However, in examining the specific contribution of rural exposure towards increasing uptake of rural practice, the evidence is inconclusive, largely due to the failure to adjust for these critical independent predictors of rural practice. This paper identifies this evidence gap, examines the concept of rural exposure, and highlights the need to identify which aspects of rural exposure contribute to a positive attitude towards rural practice, thereby influencing students to return to rural areas. The cost of rural exposure through student placements is not insignificant, and there is a need to identify which aspects are most effective in increasing the uptake of rural practice, thereby helping to address the medical workforce shortage experienced in rural Australia. [source] How inclusive is the Literacy Hour?BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION, Issue 3 2001Janice Wearmouth In this article, Janice Wearmouth and Janet Soler, both lecturers in the Faculty of Education and Language Studies at the Open University, explore the implications of recent Government initiatives for pupils who experience difficulties in literacy development. The authors focus, in particular, on their perceptions of the contradictions between the inclusive requirements of the National Curriculum and the prescriptive pedagogy of the National Literacy Strategy. The National Curriculum now requires teachers to respond to pupils' ,diverse learning needs'; the National Literacy Strategy is founded upon an expectation that all pupils in Key Stages 1 and 2 will be taught a daily Literacy Hour. This article explores the impact of these contrasting policies on classroom practice and concludes by drawing upon evidence of previously existing good practice in order to propose ways of resolving this dilemma. [source] Information and Values in Popular Protests: Costa Rica in 2000BULLETIN OF LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009EDUARDO FRAJMAN The mass demonstrations in Costa Rica in 2000 opposing a government initiative to deregulate the electricity and telecommunications markets point to the importance of the paths of communication between the people and government leaders to understand mass political mobilisation. This article explains the surprising reaction of the Costa Rican public by focusing on the unwillingness or inability of the policy-makers to articulate their position in a way acceptable to the citizenry, leaving public space under the dominant influence of social organisations that opposed the initiative. [source] Second-tier reviews of complaints in health and social careHEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 3 2006Jackie Gulland Abstract There has been a flurry of recent government initiatives concerning how citizens should be able to take up grievances against the state. In the fields of health and social care, people have been expected to use internal complaints procedures to resolve grievances. Research in this area suggests that there have been problems with the existing complaints procedures and there has been particular criticism of the ,second-tier' review stage in both health and social care. This has led to the introduction of more independent means of review. Different models of review have been developed in England, Wales and Scotland. Based on a review of recent policy documents and legislative instruments, this article looks at recent changes and proposals and considers the relative merits of the different models in the three administrations. [source] Asian Transnational Families in New Zealand: Dynamics and ChallengesINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 4 2008Elsie Ho Since the 1990s, Asia has emerged as the major contributor of migration flows into New Zealand. Settler migration, tourism, international business and more recently, international education make up the diverse flows of Asian peoples into the country. This paper explores the changing dynamics of Asian transnational families over the last two decades, with a special focus on the experiences of young people within these families. In the early 1990s, bi-local families were commonly known as "astronaut" families, in which one or both parents returned to their countries of origin to work, leaving their children to be educated in New Zealand. Over time the structures of these families have changed, as many young migrants relocated back to their former homeland or re-migrated to a third country, while "astronaut parents" rejoined their spouses either in the origin or destination. More recently, the educational migration of international students from countries in Asia has given rise to another form of transnational family, in which young people enter New Zealand as international students and some subsequently become residents. In this paper, the experiences of these young people are explored within the wider context of family strategies for maximising benefits through spatially extended networks on the one hand, and government initiatives and immigration policy changes that have been taking place in New Zealand since the 1990s on the other. Familles transnationales asiatiques en Nouvelle-Zélande: dynamique et défis Depuis les années 1990, les Asiatiques occupent la première place dans les flux migratoires à destination de la Nouvelle-Zélande. La migration d'établissement, le tourisme, le commerce international et plus récemment, l'enseignement international composent les différents flux de populations asiatiques dans le pays. Le présent article explore la dynamique évolutive des familles transnationales asiatiques depuis ces vingt dernières années, en mettant l'accent sur les expériences des jeunes au sein de ces familles. Au début des années 90, les familles bilocales étaient communément appelées familles « astronautes », dans lesquelles un parent ou les deux rentrai(en)t dans leur pays d'origine pour travailler, laissant leurs enfants suivre un enseignement en Nouvelle-Zélande. Au fil du temps, les structures de ces familles se sont modifiées, car beaucoup de jeunes migrants sont retournés s'installer dans leur ancien pays d'origine ou ont émigré vers un autre pays, alors que les « parents astronautes » ont rejoint leur conjoint dans le pays d'origine ou de destination. Plus récemment, la migration scolaire d'étudiants étrangers originaires de pays asiatiques a donné lieu à une autre forme de famille transnationale, dans laquelle les jeunes entrent en Nouvelle-Zélande en tant qu'étudiants étrangers, et deviennent ensuite résidents , pour certains d'entre eux au moins. Dans cet article, les expériences de ces jeunes sont explorées dans le contexte plus large des stratégies familiales visant à tirer le maximum d'avantages possible, d'une part grâce à des réseaux plus étendus dans l'espace et, d'autre part, grâce aux initiatives prises par les gouvernements et aux changements apportés par la Nouvelle-Zélande à sa politique d'immigration depuis les années 90. Familias asiáticas transnacionales en Nueva Zelandia: Dinámica y retos Desde los años noventa, Asia se ha convertido en uno de los principales contribuyentes a los flujos migratorios hacia Nueva Zelandia. La migración con fines de asentamiento, de turismo, de negocios internacionales y, recientemente, de realizar estudios en el extranjero, componen los diversos flujos de asiáticos que se dirigen a ese país. En este artículo se examina la dinámica cambiante de las familias transnacionales asiáticas en los últimos veinte años, haciendo hincapié en las experiencias de los jóvenes de estas familias. A principios de los años noventa, las familias bi-locales se denominaban comúnmente "familias astronautas" puesto que uno de los padres o los dos retornaban al país de origen para trabajar, dejando a sus hijos en Nueva Zelandia para que prosiguieran sus estudios. Con el correr del tiempo, las estructuras de estas familias fueron cambiando, puesto que muchos jóvenes emigrantes volvieron a sus países de origen o emigraron hacia terceros países mientras que "los progenitores astronautas" se reunieron con sus cónyuges, ya sea en el país de origen o de destino. Últimamente, la inmigración de estudiantes provenientes de países de Asia, ha propiciado otra forma de familia transnacional, en la que algunos de los jóvenes que ingresan a Nueva Zelandia como estudiantes terminan convirtiéndose en residentes. En este artículo, se examinan las experiencias de estos jóvenes en el contexto de estrategias familiares más amplias para alentar al máximo los beneficios mediante, por un lado, extensas redes espaciales y, por otro, iniciativas gubernamentales y cambios en políticas de inmigración, que se están llevando a cabo en Nueva Zelandia desde los años noventa. [source] Stoma coloproctology nurse specialist: a case studyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 6 2007Ursula Chaney DPSN Aims and objectives., The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the role of a Stoma Coloproctology Nurse Specialist. This paper presents the findings of an in-depth case study of a stoma coloproctology nurse specialist employed in one health board area in Northern Ireland. This case study was part of a larger study exploring innovative nursing and midwifery roles in Northern Ireland. Background., Specialist nursing roles have evolved and developed in response to changing health care needs, patient expectations, changes in professional regulation and government initiatives. Design., A case study approach was adopted. Method., Semi-structured interviews with the post holder (PH), her line manager and the human resource manager were undertaken. Non-participant observation of the PH's practice was also carried out. Analysis was undertaken on secondary data such as job specification, annual reports and other documentation relating to the post. Results., Findings illustrate the PH's function and the impact of the role on patient care. Examples of innovative practices relating to providing care, support and guidance for patients and their families were identified; however, limitations to her role were also identified. Conclusions., The PH provides an invaluable service to patients, demonstrating a positive impact on care. However, the findings suggest the importance of establishing clear role boundaries, which may lead to professional growth and practice development. Relevance to clinical practice., Although this study provides a valuable insight into the role of a Stoma Coloproctology Nurse Specialist a number of challenges exist, as the CNS role requires policy and appropriate educational preparation to practice at an advanced level. Further research investigating the development of the CNS role in the clinical setting and its relationship to members of the multi-professional team would be beneficial. [source] Managing and leading the infection prevention initiativeJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 6 2007CAROL PELLOWE BA Hons Aim, To review the national response to health care-associated infection and that of nurses in particular. Background, Health care-associated infections have emerged as a significant threat to quality care and preventing it is now a national priority. Evaluation, This paper considers the key government initiatives to address health care-associated infection. Key issues, The government has adopted a multifaceted approach to tackle this problem, the most crucial of which was to develop the evidence base to support practice. Now that is established, education and training have become the next priority. Conclusion, While health care-associated infection remains a government priority, trusts will find it difficult to meet the demands of the Code of Practice and fulfil other government priorities. Implications for nursing management, Managers need to be aware of the extent of the problem, its causes and the initiatives both nationally and locally to address the situation so that they can maintain support for these initiatives. [source] SUSTAINING LOCAL WATERSHED INITIATIVES: LESSONS FROM LANDCARE AND WATERSHED COUNCILS,JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 5 2002Allan Curtis ABSTRACT: In the last decade, watershed groups (WG) established through government initiatives have become an important part of the natural resource management landscape in developed economies. In this paper, the authors reflect upon their research and experience with Landcare in Victoria, and to a lesser extent with Watershed Councils in Oregon, to identify the principles that appear fundamental to sustaining effective WG. In the first instance, these groups must be established at a local scale using social as well as biophysical boundaries. It is also critical that WG are embedded within a supportive institutional framework that identifies realistic roles for private landowners, local organizations such as WG, and regional planning bodies. Without broad stakeholder representation, the perceived benefits of participation are quickly forfeited. It is simply unrealistic to expect an effective network of WG to be sustained without substantial investment by government to provide for program management, group coordination, and cost sharing for on-ground work. There must also be the commitment and skills within a program to establish processes that build trust and competency amongst citizens and agencies. These principles should also provide a foundation for the critical evaluation of WG programs. [source] ,It's in the water here': the development of a community-focused literacy strategyLITERACY, Issue 2 2005Carol Taylor Abstract This paper considers the pioneering development of a community-focused literacy initiative that began in Derbyshire, a county in the middle of England. Read On-Write Away! (ROWA!) is viewed from the standpoint of its former director. The article describes the strategy in the context of national policy and other government initiatives in England, and gives a historical account of the project's inception and development. [source] Writing: the state of the state vs. the state of the art in English and American schoolsLITERACY, Issue 1 2002Trinka Messenheimer Based on work undertaken in a joint international project focusing on the process and teaching of writing in English/US classrooms, this article looks at the impact government initiatives on assessment and accountability have on classroom practices and the process of writing. These initiatives are encoded in the Standard Assessment Tasks (SATs) in England and the Proficiency Tests in the US. The first year of the project has gathered and analyzed data from a longitudinal study of writing in the US, focused on the state of Ohio, and a series of contrasting case studies in England. [source] Government intervention in the economy: a comparative analysis of Singapore and Hong KongPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2000Newman M. K. LamArticle first published online: 5 FEB 200 Singapore and Hong Kong are very different and yet very similar in many respects. A study of their current profiles and historical development indicates that the two have achieved comparable economic successes through different development strategies. After World War II, Singapore gained political independence while Hong Kong achieved economic restructuring. The Singapore government adopted an interventionist approach to develop its economy, while the Hong Kong government followed the laissez-faire principle. However, as the two were maturing socially and economically in the last few decades, both governments found the necessity to adopt a hybrid strategy of mixing economic interventions with the free-market approach. An examination of public finance and economic policies since the onset of the Asian economic turmoil shows that the two have become increasingly similar in their economic approaches, with heavy emphasis on stabilizing the economy and stimulating business activities through government initiatives. Based on their projected economic, social and political development, the Hong Kong government is expected to become more interventionist while its Singapore counterpart is expected to go in the opposite direction. The economic development strategies of the two governments, coming from two extremes, will become more alike in the foreseeable future, for reasons of political feasibility in the former. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Renewing the War on prostitution: The spectres of ,trafficking' and ,slavery'ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 3 2009Sophie Day The 1990s saw government initiatives restricting immigration in many countries, and a good deal of popular unease. Associated policies have targeted sex workers, as with the Policing and Crime Bill that is currently in its Third Reading in the House of Commons (UK). In the name of ,victims' of a trade organised by ,evil' traffickers, this Bill seeks further sanctions against all of those involved. This editorial asks whether initiatives during the current recession might not seem to succeed but for the wrong reasons. Immigrants are already leaving the UK in search of a living while local workers, who were promised safer working conditions in the wake of the murder of five women in Ipswich (2006), will be punished more and more. With its apparently humanitarian efforts to ,stop the traffic', the UK government will turn out to have replaced our ,slaves' from abroad with home-grown substitutes, and effectively solidified and further excluded an underclass. This situation suggests striking parallels with the panic over white slavery during the last comparable period of globalisation culminating in the First World War. [source] | ||||||||||||||||