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Government Effectiveness (government + effectiveness)
Selected AbstractsThe Impact of Proportional Representation on Government Effectiveness: The New Zealand ExperienceAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 4 2003Jonathan Boston It is often claimed that proportional representation (PR) undermines government effectiveness, including decisional efficacy, fiscal prudence, electoral responsiveness and accountability. Drawing on New Zealand's experience since the introduction of a mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system in 1996, this article examines the impact of the new voting system on government effectiveness. Although government durability has been substantially reduced and the policy-making process has become more complex, governments under MMP appear to be no less able to address major policy problems or respond to changing economic circumstances. Moreover, New Zealand has maintained continuous fiscal surpluses under MMP , a radical departure from the protracted, and often large, deficits that characterised the previous two decades under a majoritarian electoral system. [source] Governance and Agricultural Production Efficiency: A Cross-Country Aggregate Frontier AnalysisJOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2009Mon-Chi Lio O13; O47; Q17 Abstract This study uses a stochastic frontier approach to investigate the relationship between six governance indicators and agricultural efficiency. We find that improvements in rule of law, control of corruption and government effectiveness enhance agricultural productivity significantly if each indicator enters the inefficiency equation independently. When all six indicators are included in the equation, we find that an improvement in rule of law raises agricultural efficiency significantly, but increases in voice and accountability and political stability appear to significantly reduce agricultural efficiency. Grouping the six indicators into three dimensions, we find that an improvement in ,respect for institutional framework' raises agricultural efficiency significantly, but an enhancement in ,selection of authority' reduces agricultural efficiency significantly. Our results imply that poorer countries can enhance their agricultural efficiency substantially by strengthening the state and citizens' respect for institutional framework. However, our results show that greater democracy is associated with lower agricultural efficiency. This finding is consistent with interest group capture and political failure arguments of the political economy literature. [source] Institutional Quality and the Gains from TradeKYKLOS INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2006Axel Borrmann SUMMARY While theoretical models suggest that trade is likely to increase productivity and income levels, the empirical evidence is rather mixed. For some countries, trade has a strong impact on growth, whereas for other countries there is no or even a negative linkage. We examine one likely prerequisite for a welfare increasing impact of trade, that is, the role of institutional quality. Using several model specifications, including an instrumental variable approach, we identify those aspects of institutional quality that matter most for the positive linkage between trade and growth. We find that, above all, labour market regulation is the key to reducing trade-related adjustment costs. Market entry regulations, the efficiency of the tax system, the rule of law and government effectiveness do play a role too. In essence, the results demonstrate that countries with low-quality institutions do not benefit from trade. [source] Advancing public sector performance analysisAPPLIED STOCHASTIC MODELS IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY, Issue 5 2008Carolyn J. Heinrich Abstract Recent reforms intended to promote more accountable and responsive government have increased public attention to performance analysis and accelerated the production and use of information on agency performance and public program outcomes. Drawing from cases and empirical studies, this presentation considers questions about what should count as evidence, how it should be communicated, who should judge the quality and reliability of evidence and performance information, and how to achieve a balance between processes that produce rigorous information for decision making and those that foster democratic governance and accountability. Promising directions are suggested for efforts to improve government effectiveness through the use of more rigorous information in decision making, along with acknowledgment of the limitations and risks associated with such efforts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Impact of Proportional Representation on Government Effectiveness: The New Zealand ExperienceAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 4 2003Jonathan Boston It is often claimed that proportional representation (PR) undermines government effectiveness, including decisional efficacy, fiscal prudence, electoral responsiveness and accountability. Drawing on New Zealand's experience since the introduction of a mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system in 1996, this article examines the impact of the new voting system on government effectiveness. Although government durability has been substantially reduced and the policy-making process has become more complex, governments under MMP appear to be no less able to address major policy problems or respond to changing economic circumstances. Moreover, New Zealand has maintained continuous fiscal surpluses under MMP , a radical departure from the protracted, and often large, deficits that characterised the previous two decades under a majoritarian electoral system. [source] Corruption, Productivity and SocialismKYKLOS INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2003Geoffrey Wyatt Summary The level of productivity is correlated across countries with measures of (lack of) corruption, but this appears to be due to a common association of these variables with measures of civil infrastructure, here measured by a combination of governance indexes labelled ,rule of law' and ,government effectiveness'. New instruments based on the size- and spatial-distributions of cities within the countries of the world were constructed in order to explore the causal relationships between civil infrastructure and productivity. Civil infrastructure accounts for a substantial fraction of the global variation in output per worker across countries. Within this empirical pattern there is a systematic deviation associated with the current and former socialist states, which have both lower productivity and inferior civil infrastructure than would be predicted for otherwise similar non-socialist states. However, for a given level of the index of civil infrastructure these states are also shown to have a higher level of productivity than otherwise similar non-socialist states. The unconditionally low productivity of socialist states is attributed entirely to the indirectly deleterious effects that socialism had on civil infrastructure, which more than offset its directly positive effect on output. 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