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Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients (allogeneic + stem_cell_transplant_recipient)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Successful Immunotherapy of HCMV Disease Using Virus-Specific T Cells Expanded from an Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2010
G. R. Hill
Opportunistic infection remains the principal cause of mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients with active extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) represents an important cause of disease in this setting and the toxicity of protracted and recurrent antiviral treatment together with eventual drug resistance represents a significant limitation to therapy. Although the expansion and adoptive transfer of HCMV-specific T cells from the healthy original donor can be an effective strategy to control viral replication, this is not possible when donors are seronegative or are subsequently inaccessible. Here we demonstrate for the first time, the successful expansion of HCMV-specific T cells from a seropositive transplant recipient of a seronegative graft with active HCMV disease and the long-term reconstitution of protective antiviral immunity following their adoptive transfer back into the patient. [source]

Disseminated Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in an allogeneic stem cell recipient: case report and review of the literature

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 5 2010
A. Salmon
Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16: 508,512 Abstract A fatal case of disseminated Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in an allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient is described. The patient was initially thought to have pulmonary aspergillosis, on the basis of clinical signs and antigenaemia, but Aspergillus was not isolated by culture. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was subsequently isolated from skin and then from sputum and stool. Further investigation revealed that the infection had spread from a primary pulmonary site to the skin. A review of the literature underscores the difficulty of diagnosing infections caused by such emerging fungal pathogens and the poor outcome of immunocompromised patients with non- Aspergillus mould infections. [source]

Kinetics of cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 and IE-1-specific IFN, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells during episodes of viral DNAemia in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: Potential implications for the management of active CMV infection

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 7 2010
Nuria Tormo
Abstract The dynamics of CMV pp65 and IE-1-specific IFN,-producing CD8+ (IFN, CD8+) and CD4+ (IFN, CD4+) T cells and CMV DNAemia were assessed in 19 pre-emptively treated episodes of active CMV infection. Peripheral counts of IFN, CD8+ and IFN, CD4+ T cells inversely correlated with CMV DNAemia levels (P,=,<0.001 and P,=,0.003, respectively). A threshold value of 1.3,cells/µl predicting CMV DNAemia clearance was established for IFN, CD8+ T cells (PPV, 100%; NPV, 93%) and for IFN, CD4+ T cells (PPV, 100%; NPV, 75%). Undetectable T-cell responses were usually observed at the time of initiation of pre-emptive therapy. Either a rapid (within 7 days) or a delayed (median 31 days) expansion of both T-cell populations concomitant with CMV DNAemia clearance was observed in 5 and 8 episodes, respectively. An inconsistent or a lack of expansion of both T-cell subsets was related to a persistent CMV DNAemia. Robust and maintained CMV-specific T-cell responses after CMV DNAemia clearance and cessation of antiviral therapy were associated with a null incidence of relapsing infections at least during the following month. Data obtained in the present study may be helpful in the design of therapeutic strategies for the management of active CMV infections in the allo-SCT recipient. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1208,1215, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]