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Glucose Solution (glucose + solution)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	66%

Selected Abstracts

Oral Glucose Solution as Pain Relief in Newborns: Results of a Clinical Trial

BIRTH, Issue 2 2010
Ben Dilen RN
Abstract:, Background:,It was long believed that newborns could not experience pain. As it is now documented that newborns have all the necessary systems to perceive pain, pain management can no longer be ignored. The objective of this study is to investigate which concentration of glucose is most effective in reducing pain for venipuncture in the newborn. Methods:,This double-blind clinical trial of 304 newborns was conducted on a maternity and neonatal ward (neonatal medium intensive care unit). During at least 1 month, one of the four selected solutions (10, 20, 30% glucose, and placebo) was administered orally, 2 minutes before the venipuncture was performed. The pain from the skin puncture was scored using a validated pain scale (the "Leuven Pain Scale"). Results:,This study showed a significantly lower average pain score in the 30 percent glucose group (3.99) when compared with the placebo group (8.43). The average pain scores in the 20 percent glucose group (5.26) and the 10 percent glucose group (5.92) were also significantly lower than those in the placebo group. Conclusion:,Oral administration of 2 mL of 30 percent glucose 2 minutes before the venipuncture provides the most effective pain reduction in newborns. (BIRTH 37:2 June 2010) [source]

Effect of placement of calcium sulphate when used for the repair of furcation perforations on the seal produced by a resin-based material

INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007
L. Zou
Abstract Aim, To evaluate the sealing ability of calcium sulphate when used under composite resin for the repair of furcation perforations having different diameters. Methodology, Perforations of different diameter were created in the floors of pulp chambers in 60 extracted human molar teeth with either a number 3 (1 mm diameter) or 5 (1.5 mm diameter) round bur. The specimens of each group were divided into four sub-groups which were repaired with composite resin either alone or in combination with calcium sulphate that created an artificial floor (15 teeth group -1). Eight teeth without furcation perforations served as negative controls. In the leakage detection device, 1 mol L,1 glucose solution was forced under a pressure of 1.5 KPa from the crown towards the pulp chamber floor. The concentration of leaked glucose was measured at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days using a glucose oxidase method and the data evaluated using the rank sum test. Results, The specimens with larger perforations repaired with composite resin alone had significantly more leakage (P < 0.05). Using calcium sulphate as an artificial floor significantly decreased leakage of smaller perforations (P < 0.05). In groups repaired with calcium sulphate under composite resin, leakage in smaller perforations was markedly lower than that in larger ones (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the specimens with 1 or 1.5 mm perforations repaired with resin alone (P > 0.05). Conclusions, Calcium sulphate significantly improved the sealing ability of 1 mm perforations repaired with composite resin but not for 1.5 mm perforations. [source]

A pulsed electric field procedure for promoting Maillard reaction in an asparagine,glucose model system

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2010
Yong-Guang Guan
Summary Effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) on pH, intermediate products, asparagine and glucose content, browning value, reducing power as well as antioxidant activity of an asparagine,glucose solution were explored in this paper. Results showed that the solution's UV,Vis absorbance at 294 nm and 420 nm was significantly increased from 0 to approximately 1.14 and 0.74, respectively, at PEF intensity of 40 kV cm,1 for 7.35 ms treatment. The temperature of PEF treated samples were overall lower than 40 °C. It was also detected that the antioxidant activity of treated sample was correspondingly increased by 20.33%. Meanwhile, 14% reduction of asparagine content and 66% reduction of glucose content were observed. It was demonstrated from high performance liquid chromatography analysis that Maillard reaction in the model system had been enhanced by PEF treatment as no 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde was generated. This study indicates that pulsed electric field treatment, especially with higher intensities, is a means to significantly promote the Maillard reaction in an asparagine,glucose solution. [source]

Effect of pre-freezing and solutes on mass transfer during osmotic dehydration and colour of oven-dried African star apple during storage

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
Kolawole O. Falade
Summary The effects of freezing, solutes (glucose and sucrose) and concentrations (44, 52 and 60 °Bx) on water loss and solid gain during osmotic dehydration and on CIE colour parameters, colour intensity (,E) and chroma (,C), of osmo-oven-dried African star apple pulp during storage were investigated. Water loss and solid gain were higher in fruits immersed in glucose solutions than in sucrose solutions. Freeze-thawed fruits recorded a rapid increase in water loss and solid gain within 30 min of immersion when compared with the fresh African star apple that showed higher water loss after 2,3 h of immersion. Generally, L* value increased in the osmo-air-dried African star apple preosmosed in glucose and sucrose solution while a* and b* values decreased during storage. Higher colour intensity and chroma values were recorded in air-dried African Star apple preosmosed in glucose solution than in sucrose solution. [source]

Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency with inadvertent caries in infants

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2007
FELIX BLAKE
Background., Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) is a rare systemic disease that is associated with early tooth decay. Case report., This report describes the case of a 3-year-old boy suffering from LCHADD. At the time of referral, extensive carious lesions of the subject's maxillary dentition necessitated the surgical removal of eight teeth. Preventive treatment for LCHADD involves a regular oral intake of glucose that is vital for the survival of the affected individual. In young infants, the glucose solution needs to be administered as often as every 3 h in order to prevent hypoglycaemia, leading to a local environment similar to that experienced in nursing bottle syndrome. While nursing bottle syndrome can be resolved by eliminating the sugar substrate and curtailing the feeding sessions, these alternatives are not available in cases of LCHADD. Conclusion., This report highlights this rare disease and emphasizes its dire consequences for the dentition. Prophylactic recommendations for high-risk children are reviewed. Familiarity with LCHADD allows this high-risk group of patients to be identified, and thus, ensures diligent prophylactic action. [source]

Fast and optimized T1 mapping technique for the noninvasive quantification of gastric secretion

JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 1 2008
Reto Treier MSc
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the noninvasive quantification of gastric secretion volume after administration of a labeled viscous glucose solution by fast T1 mapping. Materials and Methods T1 values of a series of labeled and diluted glucose solutions were measured in vitro to characterize the interrelationship between T1 and contrast agent concentration (CGd) as well as the dependency of relaxivity and reference T1 (T10) on the macromolecular concentration. Abdominal T1 mapping in five healthy volunteers of different body mass index was performed after filling an intragastric balloon with a labeled and diluted glucose solution. In additional ex vivo experiments, T1 values of gastric (GJ) and duodenal juice (DJ) and 0.1 N HCl solution were determined. Results A linear relationship between relaxivity and macromolecular concentration and between T10 and macromolecular concentration was found. The in vitro T1,CGd calibration curve was successfully validated in all volunteers. T1 values of GJ, DJ, and HCl (2939 msec vs. 2858 msec vs. 2760 msec) were close to the T1 of water (,3000 msec). Conclusion The presented method allows one to noninvasively quantify the spatial distribution of gastric secretory products in the human stomach and provides a valuable tool for evaluating the efficacy of drugs to stimulate/inhibit gastric secretion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:96,102. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

In vitro femtosecond laser subsurface micro-disruption inside human cornea and pre-cleared sclera

LASER PHYSICS LETTERS, Issue 6 2010
A.A. Alekhin
Abstract Micro-incisions were fabricated inside human cornea and sclera in vitro using single femtosecond laser pulses. In these experiments sclera was for the first time pre-cleared by means of a biocompatible and clinically safe (non-toxic) natural agent (refractive-index matching 40%-glucose solution in water), partially replacing water in the tissue comparing to its severe dehydration by previously used agents. Basic operational parameters of the corresponding microsurgical procedures are reported. (© 2010 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) [source]

Prehospital management of diabetic emergencies , a population-based intervention study

ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2003
A. Holstein
Background: Diabetes-related emergencies are frequent and potentially life-threatening. A study was performed to obtain reliable data about the prevalence of diabetic emergencies and to improve the quality of prehospital care of patients with diabetes-related emergencies. Methods: A prospective population-based study in a German emergency medical service district in the period from 1997 to 2000 was conducted. After initial diabetes training for the entire emergency team, a standardized protocol was introduced for prehospital emergency therapy of severe hypoglycaemia (SH) and severe hyperglycaemic disorders. A rapid blood glucose test was performed on all emergency patients with the exception of resuscitations and deaths. Indicators of treatment quality before and after these interventions were compared. Results: A rapid blood glucose test was performed in 6631 (85%) of the 7804 emergencies that occurred during the period investigated. The prevalence of acute diabetic complications was 3.1%, and 213 cases of SH and 29 severe hyperglycaemic disorders were recorded. Education of the emergency team led to a significant improvement in the quality of treatment. Larger volumes of iv 40% glucose solution (50 ± 20 ml (1997,2000) vs. 25 ± 17 ml (1993,96); P < 0.0001) were administered to patients with SH. Insulin-treated patients who were well educated about their diabetes were more often treated only at the emergency scene, after SH (25% vs. 8%; P = 0.007), and without complications. In 50 patients who experienced sulfonylurea-induced SH, the mandatory additional glucose infusions and hospitalization for further observation reduced mortality from 4.9% to 0% (P = 0.2). Conclusion: Training of the emergency team is an effective and efficient intervention to improve quality of treatment and prognosis outcome for patients with diabetic emergencies. Treatment of SH at the emergency scene only was demonstrated to be safe in type 1 diabetic patients who had previously received structured patient education. [source]

Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition increases gastric tone and delays gastric emptying in rats,

NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 3 2007
C. L. Santos
Abstract, We evaluated the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors, COX-1 selective inhibitor, or COX non-selective inhibitor on gastric emptying and intestinal transit of liquids, and evaluated the effect of a COX-2 selective inhibitor on gastric tonus (GT). Male Wistar rats were treated per os with saline (control), rofecoxib, celecoxib, ketorolac, rofecoxib + ketorolac, celecoxib + ketorolac, or indomethacin. After 1 h, rats were gavage-fed (1.5 mL) with the test meal (5% glucose solution with 0.05 g mL,1 phenol red) and killed 10, 20 or 30 min later. Gastric, proximal, medial or distal small intestine dye recovery (GDR and IDR, respectively) were measured by spectrophotometry. The animals of the other group were treated with i.v. valdecoxib or saline, and GT was continuously observed for 120 min using a pletismomether system. Compared with the control group, treatment with COX-2 inhibitors, alone or with ketocolac, as well as with indomethacin increased GDR (P < 0.05) at 10-, 20- or 30-min postprandial intervals. Ketorolac alone did not change the GDR, but increased the proximal IDR (P < 0.05) at 10 min, and decreased medial IDR (P < 0.05) at 10 and 20 min. Valdecoxib increased (P < 0.01) GT 60, 80 and 100 min after administration. In conclusion, COX-2 inhibition delayed the gastric emptying of liquids and increased GT in rats. [source]

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of liver cancer in the hepatic dome using the intrapleural fluid infusion technique

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 8 2008
Y. Kondo
Background: Intrapleural fluid infusion improves ultrasonographic visualization of tumours in the hepatic dome. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of ultrasonographically guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for tumours in the hepatic dome with intrapleural infusion. Methods: Of 2575 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatic metastases treated with radiofrequency ablation, intrapleural fluid infusion was performed in 587 patients for tumours in the hepatic dome. After the tip of a 14-G metallic needle was positioned in the pleural cavity under ultrasonographic guidance, 500,1000 ml of 5 per cent glucose solution was infused in 5,15 min. Radiofrequency ablation was performed using an internally cooled electrode. Long-term results were evaluated in 347 patients with a single hepatocellular carcinoma who were naive to any treatment. Results: Intrapleural fluid infusion was successfully performed in all 587 patients. The major complication rate on a per tumour basis was similar for patients treated with and without intrapleural infusion (1·6 versus 1·6 per cent; P = 0·924). The overall and recurrence-free survival were both similar for naive patients with a single hepatocellular carcinoma treated with and without intrapleural infusion (P = 0·429 and P = 0·109 respectively). Intrapleural infusion was not associated with lower overall survival in multivariable analysis. Conclusion: With intrapleural fluid infusion, radiofrequency ablation for tumours in the hepatic dome was safe and effective, resulting in satisfactory overall and recurrence-free survival. Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Oral hypertonic glucose spray: a practical alternative for analgesia in the newborn

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2004
M Akçam
Aim: Pain and stress have been shown to induce significant physiological and behavioural reactions in newborn infants. Pharmacological agents are not recommended in neonates for pain relief in minor procedures. Since different sweet solutions given orally by syringe have been shown to relieve pain in neonates, we decided to compare the analgesic effects of a small dose of glucose solution given orally by spray and by syringe during heel lancing in term neonates, using a validated behavioural acute pain rating scale. Methods: Sixty hyperbilirubinaemic full-term neonates were studied. We used a randomized, masked, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Each infant was assessed three times receiving 0.5 ml 30% glucose in spray form, 0.5 ml 30% glucose by syringe or 0.5 ml sterile water by syringe in random order, 2 min before heel lancing. Results: Pain scores were significantly lower in the 30% glucose given either spray or syringe groups compared with the placebo group. No statistically significant difference in pain scores was found between the 30% glucose spray group and 30% glucose syringe group. Conclusions: A small dose of 0.5 ml 30% glucose spray has an equal analgesic effect to the same dose given by syringe. The spray form has the advantage of being easy to use and is well accepted by newborn babies. [source]

Extreme altitude mountaineering and Type 1 diabetes; the Diabetes Federation of Ireland Kilimanjaro Expedition

DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 9 2001
K. Moore
Abstract Aims To examine the effects of extreme altitude mountaineering on glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes, and to establish whether diabetes predisposes to acute mountain sickness (AMS). Methods Fifteen people with Type 1 diabetes and 22 nondiabetic controls were studied during the Diabetes Federation of Ireland Expedition to Kilimanjaro. Daily insulin requirements, blood glucose estimations and hypoglycaemic attacks were recorded in diaries by the people with diabetes. The performance of blood glucose meters at altitude was assessed using standard glucose solutions. Symptoms of acute mountain sickness were recorded daily by people with diabetes and by the nondiabetic controls using the Lake Louise Scoring Charts. The expedition medical team recorded the incidence of complications of altitude and of diabetes. The final height attained for each individual was recorded by the expedition medical team and verified by the expedition guides. Results The final altitude ascended was lower in the diabetic than the nondiabetic group (5187 ± 514 vs. 5654 ± 307 m, P= 0.001). The mean daily insulin dose was reduced from 67.1 ± 28.3,32.9 ± 11.8 units (P < 0.001), but only 50% of recorded blood glucose readings were within the target range of 6,14 mmol/L. There were few hypoglycaemic attacks after the first two days of climbing. Both blood glucose meters tested showed readings as low as 60% of standard glucose concentrations at high altitude and low temperatures. The Lake Louise questionnaires showed that symptoms of AMS occurred equally in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups. There were two episodes of mild diabetic ketoacidosis; two of the diabetic group and three of the nondiabetic group developed retinal haemorrhages. Conclusions People with Type 1 diabetes can participate in extreme altitude mountaineering. However, there are significant risks associated with this activity, including hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis and retinal haemorrhage, with the additional difficulties in assessing glycaemic control due to meter inaccuracy at high altitude. People with Type 1 diabetes must be carefully counselled before attempting extreme altitude mountaineering. Diabet. Med. 18, 749,755 (2001) [source]

Refeeding syndrome in cancer patients

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 3 2008
M. A. Marinella
Summary Background:, Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a common, yet underappreciated, constellation of electrolyte derangements that typically occurs in acutely ill, malnourished hospitalised patients who are administered glucose solutions or other forms of intravenous or enteral nutrition. Discussion:, The hallmark of RFS is hypophosphataemia, but hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia are also common. Patients with various types of malignancies are at-risk for RFS, but very little exists in the oncologic literature about this disorder. Conclusions:, As RFS can have many adverse metabolic, cardiovascular, haematologic and neurologic complications, practicing oncologist needs to be aware of the pathophysiology, risk factors and clinical manifestations to promptly recognise this important, and potentially fatal, metabolic disorder. [source]

Effect of pre-freezing and solutes on mass transfer during osmotic dehydration and colour of oven-dried African star apple during storage

Monitoring of glucose permeability in monkey skin in vivo using Optical Coherence Tomography

JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS, Issue 1-2 2010
Mohamad G. Ghosn
Abstract Topical trans-dermal delivery of drugs has proven to be a promising route for treatment of many dermatological diseases. The aim of this study is to monitor and quantify the permeability rate of glucose solutions in rhesus monkey skin noninvasively in vivo as a primate model for drug diffusion. A time-domain Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) system was used to image the diffusion of glucose in the skin of anesthetized monkeys for which the permeability rate was calculated. From 5 experiments on 4 different monkeys, the permeability for glucose-20% was found to be (4.41 ± 0.28) 10,6 cm/sec. The results suggest that OCT might be utilized for the noninvasive study of molecular diffusion in the multilayered biological tissues in vivo. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Fast and optimized T1 mapping technique for the noninvasive quantification of gastric secretion

Preparation of macroporous poly(N -isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel with improved temperature sensitivity

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 15 2003
J.-T. Zhang
Macroporous poly(N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) hydrogels with improved temperature sensitivity were prepared in aqueous glucose solutions. Compared with the conventional PNIPA hydrogel prepared in water, the gels thus prepared showed significantly faster response as the temperature increased above the lower critical solution temperature. The improved properties were due to the macroporous structure, that was formed during gel preparation caused by the phase separation in glucose solutions. [source]

Sperm fertility of the subtropical freshwater streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes) improved after dilution and cold storage

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 10 2010
Laura H Orfão
Abstract The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of simple and complex extenders in prolonging the cold storage of sperm (Experiments 1 and 2) and to test the diluted-cooled sperm in the best extender with regard to sperm quality parameters (Experiment 3) in the streaked prochilod, Prochilodus lineatus. In all the experiments, aliquots of 0.3 mL of sperm were diluted 1:10 in extenders and stored at 4,6 °C. Sperm diluted in simple extenders (NaCl and glucose solutions) yielded 0,26% sperm motility, whereas sperm diluted in complex extenders (BTSÔ, M IIIÔ and AndrostarÔ) yielded 62,81% sperm motility on day 4 after cold storage. When AndrostarÔ was further investigated, the following was observed on day 4: 53% motility with 94 s of duration; 47% live spermatozoa; 26,61% fertility rate; and 22,60% hatching rate. The use of AndrostarÔ improves the sperm fertility of the streaked prochilod during a 4-day storage period and can therefore be used to facilitate artificial reproduction. [source]

Glucose infusions into peripheral veins in the management of neonatal hypoglycemia , 20% instead of 15%?

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2010
T Vanhatalo
Abstract Aim: To establish whether peripheral intravenous 20% glucose solutions would cause less local irritation, fewer cannulation changes and less weight gain than 15% glucose in newborn infants. Methods: A total of 121 newborn infants with hypoglycemia were randomized to receive either 20% (group 20%, 60 infants) or 15% (group 15%, 61 infants) glucose infusions, which were initiated at 8 mg/kg/min rates and tapered according to the blood glucose levels. When the cannulation site had to be changed, signs of phlebitis at the previous cannulation site were scored (0,3). Number of cannulation site changes, durations of infusions and the infants' daily weights were recorded. Results: The median durations of infusions in groups 20 and 15% were 4 (range 2,7) days versus 4 (range 2,8) days and the median number of cannulation site changes were 1 (range 0,6) versus 1 (range 0,5), respectively. Thirty-six infants in group 20% and 37 in group 15% developed some phlebitis, median severity scores being 1 (range 0,7) versus 15% 1 (range 0,8). The weights during the treatment were also similar. Conclusion:, 20% and 15% glucose solutions can be infused equally safely into peripheral veins in neonates. [source]