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Glucose Clearance (glucose + clearance)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences57%
Medical Sciences42%

Selected Abstracts

Glucose clearance is higher in arm than leg muscle in type 2 diabetes

THE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2 2005
David B. Olsen
Insulin-mediated glucose clearance (GC) is diminished in type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle has been estimated to account for essentially all of the impairment. Such estimations were based on leg muscle and extrapolated to whole body muscle mass. However, skeletal muscle is not a uniform tissue and insulin resistance may not be evenly distributed. We measured basal and insulin-mediated (1 pmol min,1 kg,1) GC simultaneously in the arm and leg in type 2 diabetes patients (TYPE 2) and controls (CON) (n= 6 for both). During the clamp arterio-venous glucose extraction was higher in CON versus TYPE 2 in the arm (6.9 ± 1.0 versus 4.7 ± 0.8%; mean ±s.e.m.; P= 0.029), but not in the leg (4.2 ± 0.8 versus 3.1 ± 0.6%). Blood flow was not different between CON and TYPE 2 but was higher (P < 0.05) in arm versus leg (CON: 74 ± 8 versus 56 ± 5; TYPE 2: 87 ± 9 versus 43 ± 6 ml min,1 kg,1 muscle, respectively). At basal, CON had 84% higher arm GC (P= 0.012) and 87% higher leg GC (P= 0.016) compared with TYPE 2. During clamp, the difference between CON and TYPE 2 in arm GC was diminished to 54% but maintained at 80% in the leg. In conclusion, this study shows that glucose clearance is higher in arm than leg muscles, regardless of insulin resistance, which may indicate better preserved insulin sensitivity in arm than leg muscle in type 2 diabetes. [source]

Diet-induced central obesity and insulin resistance in rabbits

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 1 2008
S. Zhao
Summary The present study was designed to examine whether rabbits fed a diet containing high fat and sucrose could develop obesity and insulin resistance (IR), the major pathophysiological features of metabolic syndrome. Male Japanese white rabbits were fed either a normal chow diet (control) or high fat and sucrose diet (HFSD) for 36 weeks. Plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose and insulin were measured. To evaluate glucose metabolism, we performed an intravenous glucose tolerance test. In addition, we compared adipose tissue accumulation in HFSD-fed rabbits with that in normal rabbits. HFSD constantly and significantly led to an increase in body weight of HFSD-fed rabbits, caused by significantly higher visceral adipose tissue accumulation. Although there were no differences in plasma TG, TC, glucose, insulin levels and blood pressure between the two groups, HFSD-fed rabbits showed impaired glucose clearance associated with higher levels of insulin secretion compared to control rabbits. Our results showed that HFSD induced IR and increased adipose accumulation in rabbits, suggesting that HFSD-fed rabbits may become a model for research on human IR and obesity. [source]

Pioglitazone in the treatment of NASH: the role of adiponectin

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 6 2010
A. Gastaldelli
Summary Background, Plasma adiponectin is decreased in NASH patients and the mechanism(s) for histological improvement during thiazolidinedione treatment remain(s) poorly understood. Aim, To evaluate the relationship between changes in plasma adiponectin following pioglitazone treatment and metabolic/histological improvement. Methods, We measured in 47 NASH patients and 20 controls: (i) fasting glucose, insulin, FFA and adiponectin concentrations; (ii) hepatic fat content by magnetic resonance spectroscopy; and (iii) peripheral/hepatic insulin sensitivity (by double-tracer oral glucose tolerance test). Patients were then treated with pioglitazone (45 mg/day) or placebo and all measurements were repeated after 6 months. Results, Patients with NASH had decreased plasma adiponectin levels independent of the presence of obesity. Pioglitazone increased 2.3-fold plasma adiponectin and improved insulin resistance, glucose tolerance and glucose clearance, steatosis and necroinflammation (all P < 0.01,0.001 vs. placebo). In the pioglitazone group, plasma adiponectin was significantly associated (r = 0.52, P = 0.0001) with hepatic insulin sensitivity and with the change in both variables (r = 0.44, P = 0.03). Increase in adiponectin concentration was related also to histological improvement, in particular, to hepatic steatosis (r = ,0.46, P = 0006) and necroinflammation (r = ,0.56, P < 0.0001) but importantly also to fibrosis (r = ,0.29, P = 0.03). Conclusions, Adiponectin exerts an important metabolic role at the level of the liver, and its increase during pioglitazone treatment is critical to reverse insulin resistance and improve liver histology in NASH patients. [source]

Sevoflurane versus isoflurane , anaesthesia for lower abdominal surgery.

ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2003
Effects on perioperative glucose metabolism
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of sevoflurane anaesthesia on metabolic and endocrine responses to lower abdominal surgery. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study in 20 patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either sevoflurane (S) or isoflurane anaesthesia (I). Using a stable isotope dilution technique, endogenous glucose production (EGP) and plasma glucose clearance (GC) were determined pre- and postoperatively (6,6- 2H2 -glucose). Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured preoperatively, 5 min after induction of anaesthesia, during surgery and 2 h after the operation. Results: EGP increased in both groups with no intergroup differences (preop. S 12.2 ± 1.6, I 12.4 ± 1.6; postop. S 16.3 ± 1.9*, I 19.0 ± 3.1*µmol kg,1 min,1, all values are means ± SD, *P < 0.05 vs. preop.). Plasma glucose concentration increased and GC decreased in both groups. There were no differences between groups. (Glucose conc. mmol l,1 preop.: S 4.1 ± 0.3, I 3.9 ± 0.5; 5 AI S 5.1 ± 0.6*, I 5.1 ± 1.0*, postop. S 7.0 ± 1.0*, I 7.1 ± 1.4*; * = P < 0.05 vs. preop.; GC ml kg,1min,1 preop. S 3.0 ± 0.4, I 3.2 ± 0.4; postop. S 2.4 ± 0.3*, I 2.7 ± 0.3*; *=P < 0.05 vs. preop.) Insulin plasma concentrations were unchanged. Cortisol plasma concentrations increased intra- and postoperatively with no changes between the groups. Norepinephrine plasma concentration increased in the S group after induction of anaesthesia. I group norepinephrine was increased 2 h after operation and showed no intergroup differences. Conclusion: Sevoflurane, as well as isoflurane, does not prevent the metabolic endocrine responses to surgery. [source]

Glucose clearance is higher in arm than leg muscle in type 2 diabetes

THE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2 2005
David B. Olsen
Insulin-mediated glucose clearance (GC) is diminished in type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle has been estimated to account for essentially all of the impairment. Such estimations were based on leg muscle and extrapolated to whole body muscle mass. However, skeletal muscle is not a uniform tissue and insulin resistance may not be evenly distributed. We measured basal and insulin-mediated (1 pmol min,1 kg,1) GC simultaneously in the arm and leg in type 2 diabetes patients (TYPE 2) and controls (CON) (n= 6 for both). During the clamp arterio-venous glucose extraction was higher in CON versus TYPE 2 in the arm (6.9 ± 1.0 versus 4.7 ± 0.8%; mean ±s.e.m.; P= 0.029), but not in the leg (4.2 ± 0.8 versus 3.1 ± 0.6%). Blood flow was not different between CON and TYPE 2 but was higher (P < 0.05) in arm versus leg (CON: 74 ± 8 versus 56 ± 5; TYPE 2: 87 ± 9 versus 43 ± 6 ml min,1 kg,1 muscle, respectively). At basal, CON had 84% higher arm GC (P= 0.012) and 87% higher leg GC (P= 0.016) compared with TYPE 2. During clamp, the difference between CON and TYPE 2 in arm GC was diminished to 54% but maintained at 80% in the leg. In conclusion, this study shows that glucose clearance is higher in arm than leg muscles, regardless of insulin resistance, which may indicate better preserved insulin sensitivity in arm than leg muscle in type 2 diabetes. [source]

Novel role of curcumin in the prevention of cytokine-induced islet death in vitro and diabetogenesis in vivo

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
M Kanitkar
Background and purpose: Oxidative stress caused by cytokine exposure is a major cause of pancreatic islet death in vitro and of diabetogenesis. Antioxidant compounds may prevent cytokine-induced damage to islet cells. Hence, we studied the potential of curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound, in vitro to protect islets against pro-inflammatory cytokines and in vivo to prevent the progression of diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ). Experimental approach: Pancreatic islets from C57/BL6J mice were pretreated with curcumin (10 ,M) and then exposed to a combination of cytokines. Islet viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO, inducible NO synthase and NF-,B translocation were studied. Curcumin pretreated (7.5 mg kg,1 day,1) C57/BL6J mice were given MLD-STZ (40 mg kg,1), and various parameters of diabetes induction and progression were monitored. Key results: Curcumin protected islets from cytokine-induced islet death in vitro by scavenging ROS and normalized cytokine-induced NF-,B translocation by inhibiting phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B alpha (I,B,). In vivo, curcumin also prevented MLD-STZ, as revealed by sustained normoglycaemia, normal glucose clearance and maintained pancreatic GLUT2 levels. Pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the serum and pancreas were raised in STZ-treated animals, but not in animals pretreated with curcumin before STZ. Conclusions and implications: Here, we have demonstrated for the first time that curcumin in vitro protects pancreatic islets against cytokine-induced death and dysfunction and in vivo prevents STZ-induced diabetes. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 155, 702,713; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.311; published online 11 August 2008 [source]