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Gland Epithelium (gland + epithelium)
Selected AbstractsImpaired lactation in mice expressing dominant-negative FADD in mammary epitheliumDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 4 2009Mark Shackleton Abstract The Fas-associated death domain (FADD/Mort1) adaptor protein was originally identified as a key mediator of apoptosis, although pleiotropic functions for FADD have also been reported. FADD-mediated tumoricidal effects have been described in breast cancer cells; however, its physiological role in normal mammary gland epithelium is not well understood. To determine the role of FADD signaling during mammary gland development, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing dominant-negative FADD (DN-FADD) in mammary epithelium, using the steroid responsive mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. Transgenic mice exhibited a perturbation in lactation resulting in impaired milk production and pup growth retardation. Reduced expansion of alveoli was evident during early lactation with extensive shedding of luminal alveolar cells. Significantly more TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase,mediated deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick end-labeling)-positive cells were present at this time point and a subsequent increase in bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells was observed. These findings suggest a role for FADD in maintaining the survival of mammary secretory alveolar cells after the establishment of lactation. Developmental Dynamics 238:1010,1016, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Functional estrogen receptors alpha and beta are expressed in normal human salivary gland epithelium and apparently mediate immunomodulatory effectsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 5 2009Maria Tsinti Salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) have been shown to participate in immunological responses and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Experimental evidence from animal models indicates that estrogen deficiency may also participate in SS pathogenesis. However, the expression and functionality of the estrogen receptors alpha (ER,) and beta (ER,) in normal human salivary epithelium is unknown. To investigate these points, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens and cultured non-neoplastic SGEC lines derived from nine minor salivary gland (MSG) biopsies with normal histology were studied. Immunohistochemical analyses detected the epithelial expression of ER,, ER,1, and ER,2 protein isoforms both in MSG tissues and in cultured SGECs. Such epithelial expression was verified by immunoblotting of various ER proteins in cellular extracts of cultured SGECs (full-length-ER,, ER,-,3, ER,1-long, ER,1-short, and ER,2-long isoforms). Estrogens did not induce growth or apoptosis in cultured SGECs. However, similarly to other cellular systems, treatment of cultured SGECs with estrogens (17,-estradiol and the ER,- and ER,-selective agonists propylpyrazole-triol and diarylpropiolnitrile, respectively) inhibited the interferon-,-inducible expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1. This finding corroborated the functionality of ER expressed by SGEC. Our results suggest that salivary epithelium expresses constitutively functional ER, and ER, proteins that apparently mediate immunomodulatory effects. [source] Sweat gland epithelial and myoepithelial cells are vitamin D targetsEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Nobuo Koike Abstract:, Nuclear receptor binding of 1,25(OH)2 -vitamin D3 (vitamin D) in skin keratinocytes of epidermis, hair sheaths and sebaceous glands was discovered through receptor microscopic autoradiography. Extended experiments with 3H-1,25(OH)2 -vitamin D3 and its analog 3H-oxacalcitriol (OCT) now demonstrate nuclear receptor binding in sweat gland epithelium of secretory coils and ducts as well as in myoepithelial cells, as studied in paws of nude mice after i.v. injection. The results suggest genomic regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as of secretory and excretory functions, indicating potential therapies for impaired secretion as in hypohidrosis of aged and diseased skin. [source] Hyaluronan and its receptors in mucoepidermoid carcinomaHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 2 2006Richard O. Wein MD Abstract Background. Hyaluronan (HA) is a prominent extracellular matrix component undergoing continuous production and degradation. Increased HA levels have been described in a variety of tumors. The objective of this study was to examine the staining patterns of HA and two of its associated receptors (CD44 and HARE) in relation to the metastatic potential of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MC). Immunohistochemical staining of preserved surgical specimens was used. Methods. Tissues from 12 patients with a histologic diagnosis of salivary MC (10 parotid, one submandibular gland, one minor salivary gland) were studied. Half (six of 12) of the patients had regional metastases. Tumor, normal salivary tissue, and regional lymph nodes were stained for HA, CD44, and HARE expression. Specimens were graded for staining intensity and a percent of the specimen stained. Results. Normal salivary tissue did not demonstrate epithelial cell surface HA expression, whereas HA was expressed on tumor cells and in regional lymph nodes containing metastases. These differences were both significant using Student's t test (p < .00002, and p < .0022, respectively). Tumors with positive nodes tended to have greater cell surface HA. Decreased expression or downregulation of HARE was also noted in involved lymph nodes. No differences in CD44 expression were seen between primary specimens and lymph nodes. The observed staining patterns for CD44 and HARE were not reflective of the metastatic potential of the primary MC. Conclusions. Increased HA expression was seen on mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells compared with adjacent normal salivary gland epithelium. This observation may assist in explaining the development of regional metastasis in these tumors. We did not identify specific HA, CD44, or HARE staining patterns in primary lesions that were predictive of regional metastases. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: XXX,XXX, 2005 [source] Characteristics of Rabbit Transgenic Mammary Gland Expressing Recombinant Human Factor VIIIANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 1 2009P. Chrenek Summary The objective of this research was to compare (i) the content of milk protein and recombinant human factor VIII (rhFVIII) in the milk of transgenic and non-transgenic rabbit females at three lactations and (ii) histological structure, ultrastructural morphology and occurrence of apoptosis in rabbit transgenic and non-transgenic mammary gland during third lactation and involution. Significant differences (t0.05) in milk protein content were found between transgenic and non-transgenic at all three lactations. The percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly higher (t0.01) in non-transgenic ones compared with transgenic mammary gland tissues (6.5% versus 2.4%) taken at the involution stage. Morphometrical analysis of histological preparations at the involution stage detected a significantly higher (t0.05) relative volume of lumen in transgenic animals compared with non-transgenic ones (60.00 versus 46.51%). Ultrastructural morphology of the transgenic mammary gland epithelium at the involution stage revealed an increased relative volume of protein globules (t0.05); at the lactation stage, a significantly higher volume of mitochondria (13.8%) compared with the non-transgenic (9.8%) ones was observed. These results, although revealing differences in some parameters of ultrastructure and histology, indicate no harmful effect of the mouse whey acid protein-hFVIII transgene expression on the state of mammary gland of transgenic rabbit females. [source] Ultrastructural Morphometry of Mammary Gland in Transgenic and Non-transgenic RabbitsANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 6 2006S. Dragin Summary The mammary gland of transgenic animals has been used for the production of recombinant proteins of therapeutic and nutraceutical use. The objective of this study was to compare the ultrastructure of transgenic and non-transgenic rabbit mammary gland tissue. New Zealand White transgenic rabbits were obtained by breeding non-transgenic rabbits with transgenic founder rabbits containing a whey acidic protein-human factor VIII (WAP-hFVIII) transgene integrated into their genome. Samples of mammary gland tissue from lactating rabbit females were isolated by surgical procedures. These samples were examined by optical and electron microscopy and photographs were taken. Measurements of ultrastructural organelles were made from digital images of the mammary cells. No differences were found in the cellular structure of mammary tissue, but significant differences t(0.001) in the relative volume of mitochondria and vacuoles between transgenic and non-transgenic mammary gland epithelium were observed. [source] Chronic pruritic neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis in a patient with Behçet's diseaseBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2002T.E.C. Nijsten Summary Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a rare distinct entity that usually presents as asymptomatic erythematous papules that disappear spontaneously in 1,3 weeks. However, its appearance may be polymorphic, pruritic, recurrent or even chronic as is described in this case. The histological combination of neutrophilic infiltration in and necrosis of the eccrine secretory gland epithelium is highly characteristic for NEH. It typically occurs in patients receiving chemotherapeutic drugs for malignancies, but other associations have also been reported. To our knowledge, we report the first case of NEH in a patient with Behçet's disease (BD). Cutaneous manifestations of BD, an inflammatory systemic disorder of unknown origin, include neutrophilic dermatoses such as Sweet's syndrome and pyoderma gangrenosum, although these are unusual in BD. NEH could be another neutrophilic dermatosis related to BD. This observation suggests that NEH is not strictly related to chemotherapeutic drugs and malignancies. It appears to be a reactive dermatosis associated with other factors as well, including BD. Treatment was successful with dapsone 100 mg daily. [source] Keratinisation status and cytokeratins of the human Meibomian gland epitheliumACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009E KNOP Purpose The Meibomian gland (MG) is an indispensable component of the functional anatomy of the ocular surface. Increasing evidence points to a high impact of hyper-keratinisation as a major cause of obstructive MG dysfunction (MGD) and evaporative dry eye. Information of normal keratinisation status and cytokeratin composition of the human MG is limited. Methods Conjunctival whole-mount specimens including the lid margin from ten body donors of older age were embedded in paraffin. Serial sections were stained by H&E and Masson-Goldner stain and by immunohistochemistry with an antibody panel to cytokeratins. Results In conventional stains, the MG shows distinct similarities with the pilo-sebaceous unit of the cilia. The keratinised skin epithelium extended into the terminal part of the MG excretory duct similar to the hair follicle. Preliminary IHC results showed that the epithelium was positive there for the skin keratin CK10. Along the central duct the keratinisation CK10 expression was gradually lost similar to keratinisation marker involucrin. However, filaggrin, a marker for incipient stages of keratinisation and located in keratohyalin granules continued in the superficial layer of the duct epithelium all along the Meibomian central ductal system. CK14 a marker for basal undifferentiated cells showed a homogenous expression all along the basal cell layer of the MG ducts and the acini. Conclusion The MG shares similarities with the cilia in embryology, in structure and in the cytokeratin composition. It can hence be regarded as a "hair without a hair shaft". All parts of the MG ducts have signs of incipient keratinisation and preserve a commitment to keratinisation. Upregulation in MGD explain hyper-keratinisation as a typical event in obstructive MGD. [source] | |||||||||||||