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German Adolescents (german + adolescent)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Psychology66%
Medical Sciences33%

Selected Abstracts

Reliability and validity of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2001
Klaus Schmeck
Abstract The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) was developed to assess the temperament (,novelty seeking', ,harm avoidance', ,reward dependence', ,persistence') and character (,self-directedness', ,cooperativeness', ,self-transcendence') dimensions of Cloninger's biosocial model of personality in children and adolescents. The psychometric properties of the JTCI are presented. We used the German version of JTCI in a clinical sample of 188 adolescent psychiatric patients (aged 12 to 18 years) and in a non-referred sample of 706 German adolescents of the same age range. Aspects of reliability and validity are discussed. We subjected the JTCI to confirmatory factor analysis and were able to replicate the temperament and character scales of the original TCI. The internal consistency of the scales was satisfactory with the exception of ,reward dependence' and ,persistence'. Construct validity was supported by good correspondence of JTCI dimensions with related constructs. Psychometric properties of the German version of JTCI are very promising. Results yield strong support for Cloninger's psychobiological theory. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source]

Exposure to violent video games and aggression in German adolescents: a longitudinal analysis

AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 1 2009
Ingrid Möller
Abstract The relationship between exposure to violent electronic games and aggressive cognitions and behavior was examined in a longitudinal study. A total of 295 German adolescents completed the measures of violent video game usage, endorsement of aggressive norms, hostile attribution bias, and physical as well as indirect/relational aggression cross-sectionally, and a subsample of N=143 was measured again 30 months later. Cross-sectional results at T1 showed a direct relationship between violent game usage and aggressive norms, and an indirect link to hostile attribution bias through aggressive norms. In combination, exposure to game violence, normative beliefs, and hostile attribution bias predicted physical and indirect/relational aggression. Longitudinal analyses using path analysis showed that violence exposure at T1 predicted physical (but not indirect/relational) aggression 30 months later, whereas aggression at T1 was unrelated to later video game use. Exposure to violent games at T1 influenced physical (but not indirect/relational) aggression at T2 via an increase of aggressive norms and hostile attribution bias. The findings are discussed in relation to social-cognitive explanations of long-term effects of media violence on aggression. Aggr. Behav. 35:75,89, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Anthropometric indices as predictors of the metabolic syndrome and its components in adolescents

PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2010
Christian Jung
Abstract Background:, Overweight and related health problems are becoming increasingly recognized, especially in children and adolescents. For early screening, different anthropometrical measurements of obesity have been proposed to identify individuals at risk. We compared body mass index (BMI), BMI standard deviation score, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist/height ratio with respect to their power to predict the metabolic syndrome, its components and low-grade inflammation. Methods:, A total of 79 male Caucasian German adolescents (13,17 years) were studied. All anthropometrical measurements of obesity were recorded and blood samples drawn. Predictive power was estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves, by comparing the area under the curve (AUC). Results:, Except for WHR, all tested anthropometrical measurements of obesity showed comparably good AUC values for correct prediction, with the highest AUC for BMI (P < 0.001, AUC = 0.885 ± 0.039). Superior prediction power was not observed for BMI standard deviation score, waist circumference, WHR or waist/height ratio. Furthermore, BMI was the best predictor of elevated C-reactive protein levels as a marker for low-grade inflammation (P < 0.001, AUC = 0.786 ± 0.064). Conclusions:, In this cross-sectional study the well-established parameter BMI was shown to have the best predictive power to identify metabolic syndrome, its components and markers for low-grade inflammation. Newly developed parameters did not provide superior values. Future longitudinal studies are needed to compare these anthropometrical markers in larger cohorts, incorporating different age groups and ethnic backgrounds. [source]

Attachment transfer among Swedish and German adolescents: A prospective longitudinal study

PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, Issue 3 2006
WOLFGANG FRIEDLMEIER
This prospective longitudinal study investigated whether and in what way different functions of attachment relationships are transferred from parents to reciprocal relationship partners in adolescence. Furthermore, the impact of nationality, romantic relationship status, and individual differences in perceived attachment history and current attachment orientation on the timing and extent of transfer was examined. Adolescents from Sweden and Germany were studied over a 12- to 15-month time span. As predicted, the transfer generally unfolded in a step-by-step process in cross-sectional analyses. However, the predicted direction of transfer from parents to peers could not be confirmed in the prospective analyses. Adolescents who had formed a romantic relationship between assessments showed a stronger transfer from parents to peers compared to those who had not. German adolescents had transferred to a larger extent at Time Point 1, but Swedish adolescents caught up by Time Point 2. Finally, the combination of an insecure history with mother and high current anxiety was linked to a particularly high degree of prospective attachment transfer, whereas an insecure history with mother combined with high current avoidance predicted a particularly low degree of prospective transfer. [source]