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Generation Task (generation + task)
Selected AbstractsNeural correlates of movement generation in the ,at-risk mental state'ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2010M. R. Broome Broome MR, Matthiasson P, Fusar-Poli P, Woolley JB, Johns LC, Tabraham P, Bramon E, Valmaggia L, Williams SCR, Brammer MJ, Chitnis X, McGuire PK. Neural correlates of movement generation in the ,at-risk mental state'. Objective:, People with ,prodromal' symptoms have a very high risk of developing psychosis. We examined the neurocognitive basis of this vulnerability by using functional MRI to study subjects with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) while they performed a random movement generation task. Method:, Cross-sectional comparison of individuals with an ARMS (n = 17), patients with first episode schizophreniform psychosis (n = 10) and healthy volunteers (n = 15). Subjects were studied using functional MRI while they performed a random movement generation paradigm. Results:, During random movement generation, the ARMS group showed less activation in the left inferior parietal cortex than controls, but greater activation than in the first episode group. Conclusion:, The ARMS is associated with abnormalities of regional brain function that are qualitatively similar to those in patients who have recently presented with psychosis but less severe. [source] Structural and functional neuroimaging in Klinefelter (47,XXY) syndrome: A review of the literature and preliminary results from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of languageDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 4 2009Kyle Steinman Abstract Klinefelter (47,XXY) syndrome (KS), the most common form of sex-chromosomal aneuploidy, is characterized by physical, endocrinologic, and reproductive abnormalities. Individuals with KS also exhibit a cognitive/behavioral phenotype characterized by language and language-based learning disabilities and executive and attentional dysfunction in the setting of normal general intelligence. The underlying neurobiologic mechanisms are just now beginning to be elucidated through structural and functional neuroimaging. Here, we review the literature of structural and functional neural findings in KS identified by neuroimaging and present preliminary results from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study examining brain activity during a verb generation task in KS. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:295,308. [source] Automatic effects of deviancy cues on creative cognitionEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Jens Förster Three experiments test the existence of an automatic deviancy-creativity link. Using a lexical decision task, in Experiment 1 we found a semantic link between deviancy and creativity words in that decision times for creativity-related words were enhanced after subliminal deviancy priming. In Experiment 2, participants were led to think about either a punk or an engineer and afterwards were administered creative insight and analytical reasoning problems. According to a pretest, punks and engineers were judged as differing in uniqueness but not in creativity. Participants given ,punk' priming solved more creative insight problems and fewer analytical reasoning problems than those given ,engineer' priming. In Experiment 3, participants were incidentally exposed to abstract artworks symbolically expressing either the concept of conformity or deviancy and were subsequently asked to solve a creative generation task. Exposure to the artwork representing deviancy led to generation of more creative solutions than exposure to that representing conformity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] fMRI study of language lateralization in children and adultsHUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 3 2006Jerzy P. Szaflarski Abstract Language lateralization in the brain is dependent on family history of handedness, personal handedness, pathology, and other factors. The influence of age on language lateralization is not completely understood. Increasing left lateralization of language with age has been observed in children, while the reverse has been noted in healthy young adults. It is not known whether the trend of decreasing language lateralization with age continues in the late decades of life and at what age the inflection in language lateralization trend as a function of age occurs. In this study, we examined the effect of age on language lateralization in 170 healthy right-handed children and adults ages 5,67 using functional MRI (fMRI) and a verb generation task. Our findings indicate that language lateralization to the dominant hemisphere increases between the ages 5 and 20 years, plateaus between 20 and 25 years, and slowly decreases between 25 and 70 years. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Executive dysfunction in a survival environment,APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Heather Porter Victims often respond to survival incidents with maladaptive behaviours that suggest impairment in executive function. To examine this hypothesis the authors tested sub-components of executive function during an intensive military survival exercise. Compared to a control group the survival course participants showed significant impairment in the incongruent condition of the Stroop task; the mean repetition gap and adjacent letter pair components of the random letter generation task; and the planning and action components of the Tower of London task. No impairment was found in dual-task performance nor in verbal fluency. The pattern of the data suggests that the maladaptive behaviour frequently observed in survival incidents may be explained by dysfunction in the supervisory system-contention scheduler interface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Content Differences for Abstract and Concrete ConceptsCOGNITIVE SCIENCE - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, Issue 5 2005Katja Katja Wiemer-Hastings Abstract Concept properties are an integral part of theories of conceptual representation and processing. To date, little is known about conceptual properties of abstract concepts, such as idea. This experiment systematically compared the content of 18 abstract and 18 concrete concepts, using a feature generation task. Thirty-one participants listed characteristics of the concepts (i.e., item properties) or their relevant context (i.e., context properties). Abstract concepts had significantly fewer intrinsic item properties and more properties expressing subjective experiences than concrete concepts. Situation components generated for abstract and concrete concepts differed in kind, but not in number. Abstract concepts were predominantly related to social aspects of situations. Properties were significantly less specific for abstract than for concrete concepts. Thus, abstractness emerged as a function of several, both qualitative and quantitative, factors. [source] Verb and noun generation tasks in Huntington's diseaseMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 5 2004Patrice Péran MSc Abstract We compared noun- and verb-generation tasks in a demented group (n = 9, Dementia Rating Scale , 129) and in a non-demented group (n = 17, Dementia Rating Scale > 129) of Huntington's disease (HD) patients compared to 26 matched normal subjects. We did not find a specific deficit for verb production in non-demented patients who had a performance similar to but weaker than that of the controls across the four tasks. The profile of results was different in the demented group because, apart from a global deficit whatever the task in comparison with both non-demented and control groups, the demented patients exhibited increased difficulties in the two tasks implying verb production. The deficit of verb production observed in demented HD patients is discussed in relation to the damage to the motor loop in HD patients at later stages of disease. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society [source] | |||||||||||||