General Comments (general + comment)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


General Comment No. 17 on "Authors' Rights"

THE JOURNAL OF WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, Issue 1 2007
Hans Morten Haugen
General Comment No. 17 on authors' rights is a comprehensive assessment of the normative content of article 15, paragraph 1(c) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (the Covenant). Also, the obligations and violations are spelled out in great detail. It is found that the General Comment makes a clear distinction in principle between standard intellectual property rights and the protection given in accordance with article 15, paragraph 1(c). At the same time, the General Comment does not outline any specific tools for determining when an intellectual effort would result in human rights protection and when it would fall outside of the scope of this protection. Two clarifications have resulted in a positive reception of the General Comment among those who expressed criticism during the drafting. First, General Comment No. 17 acknowledges the need for human rights protection for local and indigenous communities. Second, General Comment No. 17 emphasizes the balance between the private interests of the authors and the other human rights recognized in the Covenant. [source]


,Oh Rose, thou art sick!' Anti-individuation forces in the film American Beauty

THE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2003
David Hewison
Abstract:, The film American Beauty is used as a vehicle to explore difficulties in the individuation process, to look at a particular aspect of couple relationships in which mourning is avoided, and to make a general comment about the relationship between film and psychological experience. The thesis of the paper is that the individuation process is both an intra-psychic experience and an inter-psychic one which relies on relationships with external figures to enable development. The adult couple relationship is taken as one of the key areas of emotional life for the individuation process and as an area that can best show up false starts, successes, or even retreats in psychological development. Using the poetry of William Blake and the work of Michael Fordham, I show a process of anti-individuation going on in the relationship between the characters of Lester and Carolyn Burnham in the film. [source]


Advanced Statistics:Statistical Methods for Analyzing Cluster and Cluster-randomized Data

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 4 2002
Robert L. Wears MD
Abstract. Sometimes interventions in randomized clinical trials are not allocated to individual patients, but rather to patients in groups. This is called cluster allocation, or cluster randomization, and is particularly common in health services research. Similarly, in some types of observational studies, patients (or observations) are found in naturally occurring groups, such as neighborhoods. In either situation, observations within a cluster tend to be more alike than observations selected entirely at random. This violates the assumption of independence that is at the heart of common methods of statistical estimation and hypothesis testing. Failure to account for the dependence between individual observations and the cluster to which they belong can have profound implications on the design and analysis of such studies. Their p-values will be too small, confidence intervals too narrow, and sample size estimates too small, sometimes to a dramatic degree. This problem is similar to that caused by the more familiar "unit of analysis error" seen when observations are repeated on the same subjects, but are treated as independent. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the problem of clustered data in clinical research. It provides guidance and examples of methods for analyzing clustered data and calculating sample sizes when planning studies. The article concludes with some general comments on statistical software for cluster data and principles for planning, analyzing, and presenting such studies. [source]


Training psychologists in clinical psychopharmacology

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
Ronald F. Levant
This article first describes three types of psychopharmacology training programs for psychologists: 1. postdoctoral programs that award certificates and/or continuing education credit; 2. postdoctoral programs that award master's degrees in psychopharmacology; 3. a predoctoral program that awards joint psychology and nursing degrees. Next, the postdoctoral masters degree program at Nova Southeastern University is described in some detail. We close with some general comments about the current status of these training efforts. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 611,615, 2002. [source]


Recruitment, Training, and Career Concerns

JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT STRATEGY, Issue 4 2008
Heski Bar-Isaac
We examine training and recruitment policies in a two-period model that nests two forms of production, "routine" work where ability and effort are substitutes and "creative" work where they are complements. Alternative ways of improving average ability have opposite implications for agents' career concerns. Although teaching to the top (training complementary to ability) or identifying star performers increases agents' career concerns, teaching to the bottom has the opposite effect. The paper also makes more general comments relating to models of reputation. [source]


Innovations in parenting support: an evaluation of the YMCA's ,Parenting Teenagers' initiative

CHILDREN & SOCIETY, Issue 3 2002
Debi Roker
This paper describes the evaluation of a three year Initiative run by the YMCA. The aim of the Initiative was to set up 30 different projects in YMCA centres in England, to provide help and support to the parents of teenagers. The Initiative was evaluated by the Trust for the Study of Adolescence. Funding was agreed for 29 projects, which included group-based courses, ,Dads and Lads' projects, mediation schemes, transition evenings, and families and computing courses. A variety of outcomes from these projects are identified, both for parents, young people, project workers, and the YMCA as an organisation. Key issues and learning points from the Initiative are also identified. Finally, some general comments are made about strategies to provide support to the parents of teenagers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]