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Genital Glands (genital + gland)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences75%

Kinds of Genital Glands

  • accessory genital gland
    		•

    Selected Abstracts

    Effects of Castration on the Expression of Neurotrophic Factors in the Vas Deferens and Accessory Genital Glands of the Rat

    ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 2005
    N. Mirabella
    Introduction:, Neurotrophic factors constitute a group of growth factor families, which have important effects on survival and differentiation of neuronal cells. The neurotrophin family is composed of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)3 and NT 4/5. Neurotrophins act by means of high (TrkA, TrkB and TrkC) and low (p75) affinity receptors on numerous neuronal populations of central and peripheral nervous system. The family of glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) includes, besides the GDNF, neurturin (NTN), persephin (PSP) and artemin (ART). They bind to a common receptor Ret, but the binding specificity is due to a group of proteins (GFR, 1,4). These factors show a trophic effect on dorsal ganglia, motor neurons and autonomic nervous system. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the expression of NGF, BDNF and GDNF in the vas deferens and accessory genital glands of normal and castrated rats. Methods:, Immunohistochemistry, enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results and Discussion:, Immunoreactivity to NGF, BDNF and GDNF was observed in all the investigated tracts. Generally, this immunoreactivity seemed to increase in castrated rats. ELISA and RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the levels of BDNF protein and its mRNA. In the normals, the greatest concentration of BDNF was observed in the vesicular gland, the lowest in the prostate. In the castrated, the BDNF concentration significantly decreased in the vas deferens. Conversely, it increased in the vesicular gland and in the ventral and dorsal prostate. BDNF transcripts were detected in both normal and castrated rats. These results suggest that neurotrophic factors are produced by the vas deferens and accessory genital glands and, in normal conditions, they are downregulated by androgens. [source]

    The significance of feeding for reproduction in a male Metastriata tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)

    ACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 1 2000
    Tomohide Matsuo
    In Haemaphysalis longicornis, secretions of the male accessory genital glands were regenerated by re-feeding for 3 or 4 days, although the secretions were almost completely released during the first copulation. It was also shown that spermatogenesis continued during re-feeding, since prospermia (elongated spermatids) were deposited in the seminal vesicle. A potent male seeks a receptive female on the host for copulation. The movement of males to different attachment sites occurred between the third and fourth day of re-feeding, and completely re-fed males (for 4 days) were able to copulate successfully. Spermatogenic cells, ranging from spermatogonia at the anterior end to prospermia at the posterior end, were found in fed males. Degeneration of spermatocytes at the great growth phase and developing spermatids prior to final development of prospermia were seen in virgin males without re-feeding after the first meal. Fully elongated spermatids (prospermia) appeared morphologically normal up to 10 days after the first feeding. Degeneration of spermatocytes and developing spermatids occurred from the second day and was almost complete by the fourth day. The degenerating cells shrank, became electron-dense, and finally died. A reduction in secretions of the four lobes of the accessory glands occurred during the 10 days after feeding. [source]

    Effects of Castration on the Expression of Neurotrophic Factors in the Vas Deferens and Accessory Genital Glands of the Rat

    ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 2005
    N. Mirabella
    Introduction:, Neurotrophic factors constitute a group of growth factor families, which have important effects on survival and differentiation of neuronal cells. The neurotrophin family is composed of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)3 and NT 4/5. Neurotrophins act by means of high (TrkA, TrkB and TrkC) and low (p75) affinity receptors on numerous neuronal populations of central and peripheral nervous system. The family of glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) includes, besides the GDNF, neurturin (NTN), persephin (PSP) and artemin (ART). They bind to a common receptor Ret, but the binding specificity is due to a group of proteins (GFR, 1,4). These factors show a trophic effect on dorsal ganglia, motor neurons and autonomic nervous system. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the expression of NGF, BDNF and GDNF in the vas deferens and accessory genital glands of normal and castrated rats. Methods:, Immunohistochemistry, enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results and Discussion:, Immunoreactivity to NGF, BDNF and GDNF was observed in all the investigated tracts. Generally, this immunoreactivity seemed to increase in castrated rats. ELISA and RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the levels of BDNF protein and its mRNA. In the normals, the greatest concentration of BDNF was observed in the vesicular gland, the lowest in the prostate. In the castrated, the BDNF concentration significantly decreased in the vas deferens. Conversely, it increased in the vesicular gland and in the ventral and dorsal prostate. BDNF transcripts were detected in both normal and castrated rats. These results suggest that neurotrophic factors are produced by the vas deferens and accessory genital glands and, in normal conditions, they are downregulated by androgens. [source]

    Erectile function and male reproduction in men with spinal cord injury: a review

    ANDROLOGIA, Issue 3 2010
    F. Dimitriadis
    Summary Spinal cord injury (SCI) in men results in defects in erectile function, ejaculatory process and male reproductive potential. There are alterations in the capacity of men with SCI to achieve reflexogenic, psychogenic and nocturnal erections. The sexual function in different stages after SCI and the types of erections depend mainly on the completeness of the injury and the level of neurological damage. Furthermore, most of the SCI men demonstrate defects concerning the entrance of semen into the posterior urethra and the expulsion of the semen through the penile urethra and the urethral orifice. In addition, SCI men develop defects in the secretory function of the Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and the male accessory genital glands. The overall result is a decreased quality of the semen is recovered either with penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) or with electroejaculation. Nowadays the therapeutic andrological approach of SCI men focuses on achievement of erectile function, recovery of spermatozoa and assisted reproductive technology. The first line of therapy recommended for infertility in SCI men is collection of semen via PVS with concomitant evaluation of total motile sperm yields for assisted conception which may include intravaginal insemination, intrauterine insemination, or in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Patients failing PVS may be referred for electroejaculation or surgical sperm retrieval. [source]