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Geochemical Tracers (geochemical + tracer)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Earth and Environmental Science	75%

Selected Abstracts

Mineral Geochemical Compositions of Tourmalines and Their Significance in the Gejiu Tin Polymetallic Deposits, Yunnan, China

ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 1 2010
Runxing JIA
Abstract: The Gejiu tin polymetallic deposits are located in the southeastern part of Yunnan Province in China. A detailed electronic microprobe study has been carried out to document geochemical compositions of tourmalines from the deposits. The results indicate a systematic change of mineral geochemical compositions, which might be used as a mineral geochemical tracer for post-magmatic hydrothermal fluid, basin fluid and their mixture. The tourmalines from granite are schorl with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of 0.912,1.00 and Na/(Na+Ca) ratios of 0.892,0.981. Tourmalines as an inclusion in quartz from the ore bodies are dravite with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of 0.212,0.519 and Na/ (Na+Ca) ratios of 0.786,0.997. Tourmalines from the country rocks are dravite with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of 0.313,0.337 and Na/(Na+Ca) ratio of 0.599,0.723. Tourmalines from cassiterite-tourmaline veins that occur in crannies within the country rocks show distinct optical zoning with alternate occurrence of dravite and schorl, Fe/(Fe+Mg)=0.374,0.843, Na/(Na+Ca)=0.538,0.987. It suggests that schorl in granite and dravite in carbonatite are related to magmatic fluid and basin fluid respectively. When magmatic fluid rose up and entered into crannies of the country rocks, consisting mainly of carbonatite, basin fluid would be constantly added to the magmatic fluid. The two types of fluid were mixed in structural crannies of the sedimentary basin accompanied with periodic geochemical osculations to form material records in chemical composition zonings of tourmalines. [source]

Br/Cl signature of hydrothermal fluids: liquid,vapour fractionation of bromine revisited

GEOFLUIDS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2006
A. LIEBSCHER
Abstract Br/Cl ratios of hydrothermal fluids are widely used as geochemical tracers in marine hydrothermal systems to prove fluid phase separation processes. However, previous results of the liquid,vapour fractionation of bromine are ambiguous. Here we report new experimental results of the liquid,vapour fractionation of bromine in the system H2O,NaCl,NaBr at 380,450°C and 22.9,41.7 MPa. Our data indicate that bromine is generally more enriched than chlorine in the liquid phase. Calculated exchange coefficients KD(Br-Cl)liquid-vapour for the reaction Brvapour + Clliquid = Brliquid + Clvapour are between 0.94 ± 0.08 and 1.66 ± 0.14 within the investigated P,T range. They correlate positively with DClliquid-vapour and suggest increasing bromine,chlorine fractionation with increasing opening of the liquid,vapour solvus, i.e. increasing distance to the critical curve in the H2O,NaCl system. An empirical fit of the form KD(Br-Cl)liquid-vapour = a*ln[b*(DClliquid-vapour,1) + e1/a] yields a = 0.349 and b = 1.697. Based on this empirical fit and the well-constrained phase relations in the H2O,NaCl system we calculated the effect of fluid phase separation on the Br/Cl signature of a hydrothermal fluid with initial seawater composition for closed and open adiabatic ascents along the 4.5 and 4.8 J g,1 K,1 isentropes. The calculations indicate that fluid phase separation can significantly alter the Br/Cl ratio in hydrothermal fluids. The predicted Br/Cl evolutions are in accord with the Br/Cl signatures in low-salinity vent fluids from the 9 to 10°N East Pacific Rise. [source]

Geochemical Tracers to Evaluate Hydrogeologic Controls on River Salinization

GROUND WATER, Issue 3 2008
Stephanie J. Moore
The salinization of rivers, as indicated by salinity increases in the downstream direction, is characteristic of arid and semiarid regions throughout the world. Historically, salinity increases have been attributed to various mechanisms, including (1) evaporation and concentration during reservoir storage, irrigation, and subsequent reuse; (2) displacement of shallow saline ground water during irrigation; (3) erosion and dissolution of natural deposits; and/or (4) inflow of deep saline and/or geothermal ground water (ground water with elevated water temperature). In this study, investigation of salinity issues focused on identification of relative salinity contributions from anthropogenic and natural sources in the Lower Rio Grande in the New Mexico-Texas border region. Based on the conceptual model of the system, the various sources of water and, therefore, salinity to the Lower Rio Grande were identified, and a sampling plan was designed to characterize these sources. Analysis results for boron (,11B), sulfur (,34S), oxygen (,18O), hydrogen (,2H), and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes, as well as basic chemical data, confirmed the hypothesis that the dominant salinity contributions are from deep ground water inflow to the Rio Grande. The stable isotopic ratios identified the deep ground water inflow as distinctive, with characteristic isotopic signatures. These analyses indicate that it is not possible to reproduce the observed salinization by evapotranspiration and agricultural processes alone. This investigation further confirms that proper application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers can be used to identify and constrain multiple sources of solutes in complex river systems. [source]

Geochemistry and Genesis of the Late Jurassic Granitoids at Northern Great Hinggan Range: Implications for Exploration

ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 2 2010
Guang WU
Abstract: The Longgouhe and Ershiyizhan intrusions of the Late Jurassic, located in the Upper Heilongjiang Basin of the northern Great Hinggan Range, are closely related to porphyry Cu-Au mineralizations. In lithology the intrusions are quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite of high-K calc-alkaline series, with minor aspects of shoshonite series. Their SiO2 and Al2O3 contents range from 61.37% to 66.59% and 15.35% to 17.06%, respectively. The MgO content ranges from 2.02% to 3.47%, with Mg# indices of 44,59. The (La/Yb)N and Eu/Eu* values range from 16.85 to 81.73 and 0.68 to 0.93, respectively, showing strong differentiation rare earth element (REE) patterns similar to those of adakites. The rocks are enriched in Ba, Sr and light REE (LREE), obviously depleted in Nb and Ta, slightly depleted in Rb and Ti, and poor in Yb and Y, with Yb and Y contents of 0.31,1.32 ppm and 4.32,12.07 ppm, respectively. As indicated by Sr/Y ratios of 67.74,220.60, the rocks are characterized by low-Y and high-Sr contents, which characterize the adakites in the world. Holistically, geochemical tracers suggest that the interested intrusions are adakitic rocks. Given that the Paleo-Asian Ocean and Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean were closed in the Late Paleozoic and Permian-Middle Jurassic, respectively, the interested intrusions should be formed by partial melting of delaminated crust, which had been thickened during collisional orogeny between the Siberian and Mongolian-Sinokorean continents. [source]