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Gel Electrolyte (gel + electrolyte)
Kinds of Gel Electrolyte Selected AbstractsA Thermoplastic Gel Electrolyte for Stable Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 15 2007H. Wu Abstract Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are receiving considerable attention as low-cost alternatives to conventional solar cells. In DSSCs based on liquid electrolytes, a photoelectric efficiency of 11,% has been achieved, but potential problems in sealing the cells and the low long-term stability of these systems have impeded their practical use. Here, we present a thermoplastic gel electrolyte (TPGE) as an alternative to the liquid electrolytes used in DSSCs. The TPGE exhibits a thermoplastic character, high conductivity, long-term stability, and can be prepared by a simple and convenient protocol. The viscosity, conductivity, and phase state of the TPGE can be controlled by tuning the composition. Using 40,wt,% poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the polymeric host, 60,wt,% propylene carbonate (PC) as the solvent, and 0.65,M KI and 0.065,M I2 as the ionic conductors, a TPGE with a conductivity of 2.61,mS,cm,2 is prepared. Based on this TPGE, a DSSC is fabricated with an overall light-to-electrical-energy conversion efficiency of 7.22,% under 100,mW,cm,2 irradiation. The present findings should accelerate the widespread use of DSSCs. [source] Printed Sub-2 V Gel-Electrolyte-Gated Polymer Transistors and CircuitsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 4 2010Yu Xia Abstract The fabrication and characterization of printed ion-gel-gated poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) transistors and integrated circuits is reported, with emphasis on demonstrating both function and performance at supply voltages below 2,V. The key to achieving fast sub-2,V operation is an unusual gel electrolyte based on an ionic liquid and a gelating block copolymer. This gel electrolyte serves as the gate dielectric and has both a short polarization response time (<1,ms) and a large specific capacitance (>10,µF cm,2), which leads simultaneously to high output conductance (>2,mS mm,1), low threshold voltage (<1,V) and high inverter switching frequencies (1,10,kHz). Aerosol-jet-printed inverters, ring oscillators, NAND gates, and flip-flop circuits are demonstrated. The five-stage ring oscillator operates at frequencies up to 150,Hz, corresponding to a propagation delay of 0.7 ms per stage. These printed gel electrolyte gated circuits compare favorably with other reported printed circuits that often require much larger operating voltages. Materials factors influencing the performance of the devices are discussed. [source] Polydisperse Spindle-Shaped ZnO Particles with Their Packing Micropores in the Photoanode for Highly Efficient Quasi-Solid Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 3 2010Yantao Shi Abstract In this paper, a novel hierarchically structured ZnO photoanode for use in quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is presented. The film is composed of polydisperse spindle-shaped ZnO particles that are prepared through direct precipitation of zinc acetate in aqueous solution. Without additional pore-forming agents, the microporous structure is well constructed through the packing of polydisperse ZnO particles. In the film, small ZnO particles are able to improve interparticle connectivity and offer a large internal surface area for sufficient dye-adsorption; on the other hand, particles of larger size can enhance the occurrence of light-scattering and introduce micropores for the permeation of quasi-solid state electrolytes. Meanwhile, morphologies, particle size, and specific areas of the products are controlled by altering the reactant concentration and synthetic temperature. Combined with a highly viscous polymer gel electrolyte, a device based on this ZnO photoanode shows high conversion efficiencies, 4.0% and 7.0%, under 100 and 30,mW cm,2 illumination, respectively. Finally, the unsealed device is demonstrated to remain above 90% of its initial conversion efficiency after 7 days, showing excellent stability. [source] A Thermoplastic Gel Electrolyte for Stable Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 15 2007H. Wu Abstract Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are receiving considerable attention as low-cost alternatives to conventional solar cells. In DSSCs based on liquid electrolytes, a photoelectric efficiency of 11,% has been achieved, but potential problems in sealing the cells and the low long-term stability of these systems have impeded their practical use. Here, we present a thermoplastic gel electrolyte (TPGE) as an alternative to the liquid electrolytes used in DSSCs. The TPGE exhibits a thermoplastic character, high conductivity, long-term stability, and can be prepared by a simple and convenient protocol. The viscosity, conductivity, and phase state of the TPGE can be controlled by tuning the composition. Using 40,wt,% poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the polymeric host, 60,wt,% propylene carbonate (PC) as the solvent, and 0.65,M KI and 0.065,M I2 as the ionic conductors, a TPGE with a conductivity of 2.61,mS,cm,2 is prepared. Based on this TPGE, a DSSC is fabricated with an overall light-to-electrical-energy conversion efficiency of 7.22,% under 100,mW,cm,2 irradiation. The present findings should accelerate the widespread use of DSSCs. [source] TiO2(B) Nanowires as an Improved Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Containing LiFePO4 or LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes and a Polymer Electrolyte,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 19 2006G. Armstrong Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have been constructed with a TiO2(B) nanowire anode, a gel electrolyte, and either a LiFePO4 or LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode. Cycling stability is very good as is rate capability (see figure), with 80% of the low-rate capacity being retained at C/5. [source] Application of polymer gel electrolyte with graphite powder in quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cellsPOLYMER COMPOSITES, Issue 11 2009Qinghua Li A polymer gel electrolyte with ionic conductivity of 5.11 mS cm,1 was prepared by using poly (acrylonitrile- co -styrene) as polymer matrix, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran as binary organic mixture solvent, NaI + I2 as electrolyte, graphite powder and 1-methylimidazole as additives. The components ratio of the polymer gel electrolyte was optimized, and the influence of the components and temperature on the ionic conductivity of the polymer gel electrolyte and photoelectronic properties of dye sensitized solar cell were investigated. On the basis of the polymer gel electrolyte with the optimized conditions, a quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated and its light- to-electricity energy conversion efficiency of 3.25% was achieved under irradiation of 100 mW cm,2. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers [source] Smart sunglasses based on electrochromic polymersPOLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 11 2008Chao Ma Smart sunglasses based on electrochromic polymers are proposed and developed in this study. This article discusses the design, processing, and the optical and electrical performance of a prototype smart sunglasses based on cathodic electrochromic (EC) polymers, which show several merits compared with traditional materials for sunglasses lens as well as other smart window materials. It is a multilayer design of device. The conjugated polymer, poly[3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno [3,4-b] [1,4]dioxepine] (PProDOT-Me2), is utilized as the electrochromic working layer. The counter layer of the device is vanadium oxide (V2O5) film, which serves as an ion storage layer. There is also a polymer gel electrolyte acting as the ionic transport layer, sandwiched between the working and counter layers. The characteristics of the prototype device are reported, including transmittance (%T), driving power, response time, open circuit memory, and lifetime. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers [source] Novel amphiphilic polymer gel electrolytes based on (PEG- b -GMA)- co -MMAJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 3 2010Dan Luo Abstract Amphiphilic conetwork,structured copolymers containing different lengths of ethylene oxide (EO) chains as ionophilic units and methyl methacrylate (MMA) chains as ionophobic units were prepared by free radical copolymerization and characterized by FTIR and thermal analysis. Polymer gel electrolytes based on the copolymers complexed with liquid lithium electrolytes (dimethyl carbonate (DMC) : diethyl carbonate (DEC) : ethylene carbonate (EC) = 1 : 1 : 1 (W/W/W), LiPF6 1.0M) were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and impedance spectroscopy. A maximum ion conductivity of 4.27 × 10,4 S/cm at 25oC was found for the polymer electrolyte based on (PEG2000- b -GMA)- co -MMA with long EO groups. Moreover, the effect of temperature on conductivity of the amphiphilic polymer electrolytes obeys the Arrhenius equation. The good room temperature conductivity of the polymer electrolytes is proposed to relate to the enhancement in the amorphous domain of the copolymers due to their amphiphilic conetwork structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [source] Conductivity modification of proton conducting polymer gel electrolytes with the addition of fumed silicaPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 8 2006Jitender Paul Sharma Abstract The addition of nano size fumed silica to non aqueous proton conducting polymer gel electrolytes containing ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NH4PF6) has been found to modify the conductivity and viscosity behavior. Two maxima observed in the conductivity vs. fumed silica plot at very low concentrations have been explained to be due to an increase in free ion concentration with the dissociation of ion aggregates, and the formation of a high conducting interfacial layer between the particles of fumed silica and polymer gel electrolytes respectively. The change in free ion concentration has been monitored by pH measurements whereas change in mobility has been checked from viscosity measurements. The dissociation of ion aggregates with the addition of fumed silica has also been supported by FTIR results. The variation of conductivity and viscosity with temperature has also been studied and conductivity of nano dispersed gels does not show any change with time. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||