Gauge Needle (gauge + needle)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Distribution within Medical Sciences


Selected Abstracts


Transbronchial fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of mediastinal/hilar sarcoidosis

CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2007
S. Smojver-Je
Objective:, The diagnostic value of transbronchial/transtracheal fine needle aspiration (TBFNA) cytology in the patients with mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy has been investigated. Method:, Out of 116 patients with mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established in 88 (75.9%). One hundred and seventy-one TBFNAs from different lymph node stations were performed using a cytological 26-gauge needle. Adequate lymph node samples were obtained in 157 of 171 (91.8%) TBFNA and 14 of 171 (8.2%) TBFNA samples were inadequate. Results:, Cytological findings consistent with sarcoidosis were found in 79 of 88 (89.77%) patients and 133 of 157 (84.71%) samples. The sensitivity of TBFNA cytology in sarcoidosis presenting as mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy was 78.7%, specificity 92.3%. Conclusions:, Overall diagnostic accuracy of TBFNA cytology in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was 86.2%, and cytological findings consistent with sarcoidosis were the only morphological diagnosis of sarcoidosis in 63.6% of patients. [source]


Fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of bone lesions

CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2005
U. Handa
Objective:, Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in combination with radiological examination has recently gained clinical recognition for evaluating skeletal lesions. We evaluated our experience with the use of FNA in diagnosing bone lesions with emphasis on areas of difficulty and limitations. Materials and Methods:, Over a period of 5 years FNA was performed in 66 cases of bone lesions. Aspirations were done by cytopathologists using 22-gauge needle. Out of 66 cases unsatisfactory aspirate was obtained in 12 cases. Cytohistological correlation was available in 19 cases. Results:, Adequate aspirates were categorized into neoplastic (27 cases) and non-neoplastic (27 cases) lesions. Of the 27neoplastic aspirates, 20 were malignant (12 primary, 8 metastatic deposits) and 7 were benign. In the malignant group osteosarcoma was correctly diagnosed in 3 cases while other 3 were labeled as sarcoma NOS because of lack of osteoid. Metastatic deposits were sub-typed in 6 cases; from renal cell carcinoma (3 cases), proststic adenocarcinoma, follicular carcinoma thyroid, and squamous cell carcinoma. Neoplastic group comprised of 6 cases of cysts and 21 cases of chronic osteomyelitis. Thirteen cases were diagnosed as tuberculous osteomyelitis. Conclusions:, FNA is a frequent indication in metastases in the bone where distinct cytologic features can even identify an unknown primary. However, diagnosis of primary tumours of the bone is limited by precise subtyping of the tumours. FNA has emerged as a cost effective tool for initial diagnosis of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the bone. [source]


Follicular Unit Transplantation: The Option of Beard Construction in Eunuchoid Men

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 9 2002
Kayihan, ahinoglu MD
background. Psychosocial problems are very common in eunuchoids and may be related to the impact of underlying disorders on the physical appearance which makes them unable to overcome the sense of inferiority of childhood. A beardless patient treated with follicular unit transplantation (FUT) is reported here. objective. Such patients desire to get rid of a boyish appearance and want to achieve a masculine appearance. One of the easiest methods to achieve this goal is FUT. methods. By using an 18-gauge needle, the recipient bed was prepared under local anesthesia after premedication, and 1200 one- or two-hair micrografts were transplanted to the perioral (goatee) and its extensions to the sideburns. results. After completion of the procedure to the planned area, we achieved restoration of a masculine appearance which made the patient seem quite satisfied. conclusion. The process of beard reconstruction is time consuming and tedious, but highly effective. [source]


Current Concepts of Fat Graft Survival: Histology of Aspirated Adipose Tissue and Review of the Literature

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 12 2000
Boris Sommer MD
Background. Controversy remains about the longevity of correction in autologous fat grafts and its relation to adipocyte survival. Reported long-term fat graft survival rates differ widely, depending on harvesting method, means of reinjection, injection site, and evaluation methods. Objective. To demonstrate histologic findings of aspirated adipose tissue and compare the findings to the reports in the literature. Methods. Review of the literature and the histology of transplanted fat 7 years after subcutaneous implantation and trypan blue staining to determine the vitality of defrosted adipocytes. Results. Fat cells survive aspiration with a suction machine or syringe equally well. Use of a liposuction cannula or 14-gauge needle gives comparable results. Local anesthesia or tumescent local anesthesia is recommended for the donor site, preferably with addition of epinephrine. Conclusion. Clinical longevity of correction after autologous fat transfer is determined by the degree of augmentation resulting from the amount of fibrosis induced and the number of viable fat cells. Survival of aspirated fat cell grafts depends mainly on the anatomic site, the mobility and vascularity of the recipient tissue, or underlying causes and diseases, and less on harvesting and reinjection methods. [source]


Liesegang rings in fine needle aspirate of breast cysts with predominance of apocrine cells: A study of 14 cases

DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 10 2008
F.I.A.C., Raj K. Gupta M.D.
Abstract Fine needle aspirate (FNA) from 14 cases (age range 17,84 years), with Liesegang rings (LR's) in breast cysts seen over a period of 26 years comprised the material of this study from more than 38,000 FNA's of the breast which had been done for a variety of breast lesions. In six of the 14 cases, the aspirate was obtained under ultrasound guidance whereas in the remaining cases it was collected from a palpable lesion. The aspiration was performed using a 22 gauge needle and the syringe and needle contents were washed in a cytology container with 30% ethyl alcohol in physiologic saline. The cytologic preparations from half of the sample were made on a 5 micron Schleicher and Schuell filter and stained by Papanicolaou method whereas from the remainder of the sample a cell block was made and sections cut, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and used for immunohistochemical study. Filter preparations and cell blocks revealed cyanophilic, spherical, ring-like structures of various sizes and shape mostly with double walls, and striations with amorphous material in the lumen and under polarized light were nonrefractile. Seen also were several apocrine cells and some macrophages and the LR's were found to be negative on immunostains for EMA and CK, and a panel of other special stains (Table I). Since LR's can be mistaken for ova, larvae, or parasites, it is important to be aware of their potential presence in aspirate samples of breast cysts to avoid a misdiagnosis. The exact mechanism of formation of LR's is not fully understood and certain views as proposed are discussed in this presentation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:701,704. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Comparison of two blood sampling methods in anticoagulation therapy: venipuncture and peripheral venous catheter

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 3 2008
Neriman Zengin MScN
Aim., To compare prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time values in concurrent blood samples obtained by direct venipuncture and from a peripheral venous catheter. Method., Concurrent blood samples obtained from catheters and by direct venipuncture were studied. Venipuncture samples were labelled as the reference (control) group and the peripheral venous catheter samples as the experimental group. A 21-gauge needle was used in the venipuncture method and 18G, 20G, 22G catheters were used in the peripheral venous catheters method. In each case, after the blood samples were drawn by venipuncture and peripheral venous catheter the needles were drawn out, 1·8 ml of blood was added to 0·2 ml of citrate to give a 2 ml sample. The tube was shaken gently to mix the blood and citrate well. Results., No clinically significant difference between prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time values were seen in the blood samples drawn by venipuncture and peripheral venous catheter methods. Discussion., It is recommended that peripheral venous catheter can be used for patients with high bleeding risk if they have a long hospital stay and frequent blood samples are needed. Relevance to clinical practice., In clinical applications, nurses may prefer the use of peripheral venous catheter to venipuncture both for the comfort of the patients who get anticoagulation therapy and for the prevention of the risks as a result of venipuncture. Application of peripheral venous catheter eliminates the risks of superficial bleeding, irritation, pain and anxiety caused by venipuncture. [source]


Micromanipulation of single cells from tissue imprints is an alternative to laser-assisted microdissection

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2005
Tilmann C. Brauns
Different techniques have been developed to obtain single cells from solid tissue. Currently, the most frequently used technique is laser-assisted microdissection (LAM). However, LAM of tissues cannot exclude contamination of the targeted cells by underlying cell fragments. Moreover, this technique can only be performed if a laser microscope is available. Thus, we developed a method to obtain single cells of fresh solid tissue by the simple technique of tissue imprints. After immunostaining of the imprints, single cells were transferred to a reaction tube using a 27-gauge needle guided by a mechanical micromanipulator. Consequently, we used these cells in a single cell PCR. [source]


Murine in vitro whole bladder model: A method for assessing phenotypic responses to pharmacologic stimuli and hypoxia

NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 4 2004
Joel C. Hutcheson
Abstract Aims Recent advances in genetic manipulation have allowed for over expression or deletion of selective genes in mice. This offers urologic investigators new means of understanding bladder function in the context of normal development or the response to outlet obstruction. It is important to correlate any genetic manipulations in mice with specific phenotypic properties such as voiding patterns, or muscle strip physiology. We describe a simple in vivo whole bladder preparation that may be used to study the phenotypic changes in bladder function. Methods Murine bladders were mounted on a 30 gauge needle and mounted in an organ chamber containing a physiologic buffer solution. Passive bladder properties were assessed with cystometry, and active contractile responses were measured in response to electrical field stimulation and agonists. The effects of hypoxia were also studied. Results Compliance in the murine bladder is dependent upon actin myosin interactions, and increased in the presence of calcium free buffer and EGTA. The sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a smaller role in the contraction of murine bladder than in other species. Murine bladder smooth muscle demonstrated a remarkable ability to withstand hypoxia. Conclusions This simple model can be adapted to help study the murine bladder smooth muscle phenotype under highly controlled circumstances. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Intradiscal High-Voltage, Long-Duration Pulsed Radiofrequency for Discogenic Pain: A Preliminary Report

PAIN MEDICINE, Issue 5 2006
Alexandre Teixeira MD
ABSTRACT Background., Intradiscal radiofrequency, with the electrode placed in the center of the nucleus pulposus, has been a controversial procedure in patients with discogenic pain. Possibly the effect has not been due to the production of heat, but to exposure to electric fields. Design., We have investigated the effect of high-voltage, long-duration intradiscal pulsed radiofrequency in patients with one-level discogenic low back pain, as confirmed by discography. Outcome Measure., The pain intensity score on a 0,10 numeric rating scale (NRS) was taken as outcome measure. Patients., Eight patients were reported. The mean duration of pain was 6.3 years (range 0.5,16, median 4). The mean NRS score was 7.75 (range 5,9). Disc height was reduced 60% in one patient and up to 30% in the others. Intervention., A 15-cm, 20-gauge needle with a 15-mm active tip was placed centrally in the disc. Pulsed radiofrequency was applied for 20 min at a setting of 2 × 20 ms/s and 60 V. Results., There was a very significant fall in the NRS scores over the first 3 months (P < 0.0001). On an individual basis, all patients had a fall of the NRS score of at least 4 points at the 3-month follow-up. A follow-up of 12.8 months (range 6,25, median 9) was available for five patients. All these patients are now pain free, except for one patient with an NRS score of 2. Conclusion., It is concluded that this method merits a controlled, prospective study. [source]


Arterial-venous fistulas following pediatric liver transplant case studies

PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 6 2007
Kathleen Falkenstein
Abstract:, AV fistula is a rare but serious complication following pediatric liver transplant and may lead to graft loss. Our aim was to describe two pediatric centers' experience with the diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of children who presented with AV fistulas post-liver transplantation We report five cases of late arterio-portal fistula following liver transplantation. Four children were successfully treated with coil embolization. All of the children in this series had liver biopsies within 2,6 months of their AV fistula diagnosis. All biopsies were performed using a Bard Monopty 18 gauge needle with no ultrasound guidance and only one pass per biopsy. Two children also had PTC 4,8 months prior to their diagnosis of AV fistula. Three of the five children in this series had GI bleeds requiring banding or sclerotherapy. The other two had varices found on CT scan. All five cases in this series had ascites on their initial presentation. Four out of the five children had a history of non-compliance and the other child had a history of malabsorption and chronic diarrhea. [source]


Local Recurrence of Breast Cancer in the Stereotactic Core Needle Biopsy Site: Case Reports and Review of the Literature

THE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 2 2001
Celia Chao MD
Abstract: Early mammographic detection of nonpalpable breast lesions has led to the increasing use of stereotactic core biopsies for tissue diagnosis. Tumor seeding the needle tract is a theorectical concern; the incidence and clinical significance of this potential complication are unknown. We report three cases of subcutaneous breast cancer recurrence at the stereotactic biopsy site after definitive treatment of the primary breast tumor. Two cases were clinically evident and relevant; the third was detected in the preclinical, microscopic state. All three patients underwent multiple passes during stereotactic large-core biopsies (14 gauge needle) followed by modified radical mastectomy. Two patients developed a subcutaneous recurrence at the site of the previous biopsy 12 and 17 months later; one had excision of the skin and dermis at the time of mastectomy revealing tumor cells locally. In summary, clinically relevant recurrence from tumor cells seeding the needle tract is reported in two patients after definitive surgical therapy (without adjuvant radiation therapy). Often, the biopsy site is outside the boundaries of surgical resection. Since the core needle biopsy exit site represents a potential area of malignant seeding and subsequent tumor recurrence, we recommend excising the stereotactic core biopsy tract at the time of definitive surgical resection of the primary tumor. [source]


Preparation Techniques for the Injection of Human Autologous Cartilage: An Ex Vivo Feasibility Study,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 1 2008
J Pieter Noordzij MD
Abstract Objectives: To determine the optimum donor site and preparation technique for injecting human autologous cartilage as a potentially permanent implant material for vocal fold medialization. Study Design: Prospective ex vivo experimental model. Methods: Human nasal septal and auricular cartilage was obtained from eight surgical cases after institutional review board approval. The auricle and nasal septum were chosen as potential donor sites because of ease of accessibility, volume of cartilage potentially available, and minimal subsequent cosmetic deformity after the tissue harvesting procedure. Various preparation techniques readily available in most operating rooms were tested for their efficacy in generating an injectable cartilage slurry. The various cartilage slurries were injected through sequentially smaller needles and examined cytologically. Results: The best injection properties for both nasal septal and auricular cartilage were obtained by drilling the cartilage down with a 5 mm otologic cutting bur, which allowed free passage through an 18 gauge needle. Cytologic examination of drilled septal cartilage showed good uniformity of cartilage pieces with a mean largest dimension of 0.44 ± 0.33 mm, and 33% of lacunae contained viable-appearing chondrocytes. Cytologic examination of drilled auricular cartilage was similar, exceptonly 10% of lacunae were occupied by chondrocytes. Other techniques tested (knife, morselizer, and cartilage crusher) did not yield injectable cartilage slurries. Conclusions: Both nasal septal and auricular cartilage can be prepared for injection via an 18 gauge needle using a cutting otologic bur. Further testing of in vivo viability and long-term volume retention is needed. [source]


Homologous Collagen Substances for Vocal Fold Augmentation

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 5 2001
Mark S. Courey MD
Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis Dysphonia resulting from failure of glottic closure during voicing is a difficult clinical problem. Recently developed homologous collagen compounds may be beneficial in treating this problem. The objectives of this thesis are to: 1) evaluate the potential site(s) of collagen graft placement in the human vocal fold, quantify the amount of graft material that can be injected into these sites, and determine how these sites are accessed by the currently available surgical tools for injection; 2) determine the effects of the superficial vocal fold implant on laryngeal vibratory patterns and characterize how the implant affects the forces required to bring vocal folds into an adducted position for vibration; and 3) evaluate the host response to two different forms of cadaveric collagen. Study Design Prospective laboratory. Methods Three separate experiments were undertaken: 1) Eight cadaver larynges were injected with collagen compounds through a 27-gauge needle. The amount of substance required to medialize the vocal fold and potential positions for graft placement were evaluated. 2) Six cadaver larynges were mounted on a stabilizing stand while airflow, vocal fold length, adduction forces, and abduction forces on the vocal folds were manipulated. Vibratory patterns before and after the injection of the vocal folds with solubilized collagen were assessed. 3) A nude mouse model was used to study the host response to two different exogenous collagen compounds. Results Solubilized collagen compounds could be injected reliably into the superficial layer of the lamina propria (SLLP), medial portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle, or lateral portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle. When injected superficially, significantly less material was required to displace the medial edge of the vocal fold to midline (P = .0001). When graft material was placed into the medial portion of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle, the forces required to bring the vocal fold into a position suitable for vibration were significantly reduced (P = .0106) and the vibratory patterns of the vocal folds were not impaired. Both AlloDerm® and Dermalogen® solubilized preparations of human dermal tissue were well tolerated in the nude-mouse model. Minimal inflammatory reaction occurred. Small amounts of graft material were identified histologically at the end of the 6-month study period. The graft material appeared organized and had been infiltrated with fibroblasts of host origin. Conclusions Homologous collagen compounds can be reliably injected into the cadaveric human larynx. When the substances are injected into the medial portion of the TA muscle, immediately deep to the vocal ligament, they decrease the force of contraction needed to bring the vocal folds into a position adequate for phonation and have minimal affect on the vibratory patterns. These forms of homologous collagen are well tolerated. A small amount persists over a 6-month interval. These materials warrant further clinical trials in human subjects. [source]


Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Immature Camelus Dromedarius Oocyte

ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 4 2004
H. Nili
Summary In order to provide a consistent system for laboratory production of embryos, the characteristics of immature camel oocyte must first be described. The objective of this study was to define ultrastructural features of immature camel oocyte. Ovaries were obtained from camels at a local abattoir, and then transported to the laboratory within 2 h. Camelus cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from 2,6 mm follicles using a 22-gauge needle. Excellent and good quality COCs were selected and prepared for transmission electron microscopy study using a cavity slide. The fine structure of camel oocyte is morphologically similar to that of other mammalian oocytes. However, some minor differences exist between COC of camel and other mammalian species. Different size and shape of membrane-bound vesicles, lipid droplet, mitochondria and cortical granules were distributed throughout the ooplasm. Discrete or in association with endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes were observed in the periphery of the oocytes. The majority of the oocytes were in the germinal vesicle stage. [source]


Pancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumours , EUS FNA is the ideal tool for diagnosis

ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 9 2010
Alina Stoita
Abstract Background:, Solid pseudopapillary tumour (SPT) is a rare tumour of the pancreas with low malignant potential affecting mainly young women difficult to diagnose preoperatively. The aim of this study is to describe the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) features and utility of EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) in diagnosing these tumours. Methods:, A retrospective analysis of SPTs identified in a tertiary institution EUS database between April 2002 and April 2009 was performed. Medical records, imaging, EUS features, cytology and histology specimens were reviewed. Patients were followed up until April 2009. Results:, Seven cases of SPTs were indentified out of 2400 EUS performed. All patients were females with a mean age of 41 years (range 22,69). The tumours were solitary with a mean diameter of 2.9 cm (range 2,4.3 cm). Five tumours were located in the body and tail of the pancreas and two in the neck. All lesions were hypoechoic, heterogenous and well circumscribed, with five having a cystic component and two having a calcified rim. FNA using a 22-gauge needle was performed in six cases with no complications. A preoperative diagnosis of SPT based on cytology was obtained in 5/6 cases (83%). Surgical resection was done in six cases with confirmation of SPT and no metastatic disease. Conclusion:, EUS-guided FNA is a minimally invasive, safe and reliable way of diagnosing SPT by providing characteristic cytological specimens. Definitive preoperative diagnosis leads to targeted and minimally invasive surgical resection. [source]


Autologous blood injection for marked overfiltration early after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 3 2001
Koji Okada
ABSTRACT. Purpose: After trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, extremely low intraocular pressure (IOP) with excess filtration may cause hypotonous maculopathy in the early postoperative period. We evaluated the effect of injecting autologous blood on reversing early postoperative marked hypotony after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Methods: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C was performed in 258 eyes between 1994 and 1998. Peribleb autologous blood injection was performed in five eyes in which pressure patches were ineffective in reversing excess filtration. Approximately 0.1 to 0.3 ml of whole unclotted blood was slowly injected at least 3 mm from the edge of the flap using a sterile 27-gauge needle. Results: None of these eyes developed hypotonous maculopathy after injection. After a mean 31-month follow-up, all eyes had well-controlled IOP and visual acuity in three eyes was much improved. Postoperative complications included mild IOP elevation in one eye treated with laser suturelysis, and fibrinous pupillary membrane in one eye. Conclusion: In the early postoperative period, autologous blood injection is effective in reversing excess filtration. [source]


Ascorbic acid concentration is reduced in the secondary aqueous humour of glaucomatous patients

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
Mauro T Leite MD
Abstract Background:, We aimed to evaluate the ascorbic acid concentration in secondary aqueous humour (AH) from glaucomatous patients and to compare it with primary AH from primary open-angle glaucoma patients and non-glaucomatous patients. Methods:, Primary AH samples were prospectively obtained from clinically uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma patients and senile cataract patients (controls) prior to trabeculectomy and cataract surgery. Secondary AH samples were obtained from eyes with previous intraocular surgery, prior to trabeculectomy or cataract surgery. AH (0.1 mL) was aspirated by inserting a 26-gauge needle into the anterior chamber just before surgery and then immediately stored at ,80°C. The ascorbic acid concentration was determined in a masked fashion by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Results:, A total of 18 patients with senile cataract, 16 glaucomatous patients with primary AH (no previous intraocular surgery) and 11 glaucomatous patients with secondary AH (previous intraocular surgery) were included. There was no difference in mean age between groups (P = 0.15). The mean ± standard deviation concentration of ascorbic acid in the secondary AH from glaucomatous patients (504 ± 213 µmol/L [95% confidence interval {CI}, 383,624]) was significantly lower than the concentration of ascorbic acid found in the primary aqueous of primary open-angle glaucoma (919 ± 427 µmol/L [95% CI, 709,1128]) and control patients (1049 ± 433 µmol/L [95% CI, 848,1249]; P < 0.01, Kruskal-Wallis test). Conclusions:, The ascorbic acid concentration in secondary AH of glaucomatous patients was approximately twofold lower in comparison with primary AH of glaucomatous and cataract patients. The implications of a reduced concentration of ascorbic acid in the secondary AH deserve further investigation. [source]