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Gastrointestinal Transit Time (gastrointestinal + transit_time)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Dose effects of the food spice cardamom on aspects of hamster gut physiology

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue 5 2007
Ya-Ling Huang
Abstract The dose effects of pectic polysaccharide-rich extract from the food spice cardamom (Amomum villosum Lour.) on intestinal environment were investigated. The results showed that pectic polysaccharides and hemicellulose were the major polysaccharides in the cardamom extract. The administration of cardamom extract (0.5 and 1.5 g/100 g diet) effectively (p < 0.05) shortened hamster gastrointestinal transit time by , 58%, increased fecal moisture contents (148,174%), increased SCFA concentrations in hindgut (4.0- to 7.8-fold), decreased the activities of ,- D -glucuronidase (by 71.4,85.7%), ,- D -glucosidase (by 24.3,51.5%), mucinase (by 63.6,72.7%), and urease (by 88.8,90.4%) in feces, and reduced the production of toxic ammonia (by 16.1,64.5%). These findings suggested that the consumption of cardamom extract (at least 0.5 g/100 g diet or 40 mg/day) might exert a favorable effect on improving the gastrointestinal milieu, and also provide a clue to substantiate its traditional therapeutic uses and dosage for intestinal health improvement. [source]

Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence alters colorectal transport,,

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 6 2008
H. B. Michelsen
Background: Sacral nerve stimulation reduces the frequency of defaecation in patients with faecal incontinence. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism behind the reduced number of bowel movements in incontinent patients treated with sacral nerve stimulation. Methods: The study included 20 patients with faecal incontinence and a positive percutaneous nerve evaluation test: 19 women and one man, with a median age of 63 (range 28,78) years. Colorectal scintigraphy was performed to assess colorectal emptying at defaecation before and after implantation. Segmental colorectal transit times were determined using radio-opaque markers. Results: The median frequency of defaecation per 3 weeks decreased from 56 (range 19,136) to 26 (range 12,78) (P < 0·002). At defaecation, antegrade transport from the ascending colon decreased from a median score of 8 (range 0,23) to 0 (range 0,11) per cent (P = 0·001), while retrograde transport from the descending colon increased from a median score of 0 (range 0,14) to 2 (range 0,30) per cent (P = 0·039). The median defaecation score was unchanged. There was a non-significant increase in median total gastrointestinal transit time from 2·5 (range 0·9,6·2) to 3·3 (range 0·8,6·2) days (P = 0·079). Conclusion: Sacral nerve stimulation reduces antegrade transport from the ascending colon and increases retrograde transport from the descending colon at defaecation. This may prolong colonic transit time and increase the storage capacity of the colon. Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Simplified scintigraphic methods for measuring gastrointestinal transit times

CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING, Issue 4 2000
Graff
To investigate whether simple transit measurements based on scintigraphy performed only 0, 2, 4 and 24 h after intake of a radiolabelled meal can be used to predict the mean transit time values for the stomach, the small intestine, and the colon, a study was conducted in 16 healthy volunteers. After ingestion of a meal containing 111indium-labelled water and 99mtechnetium-labelled omelette, imaging was performed at intervals of 30 min until all radioactivity was located in the colon and henceforth at intervals of 24 h until all radioactivity had cleared from the colon. Gastric, small intestinal and colonic mean transit times were calculated for both markers and compared with fractional gastric emptying at 2 h, fractional colonic filling at 4 h, and geometric centre of colonic content at 24 h, respectively. Highly significant correlations were found between gastric mean transit time and fractional gastric emptying at 2 h (111In: r=0·95, P<0·00001; 99mTc: r=0·96, P<0·00001), between small intestinal mean transit time and fractional colonic filling at 4 h (111In: r=,0·97, P<0·00001; 99mTc: r=,0·89, P<0·00001), and between colonic mean transit time and geometric centre of colonic content at 24 h (111In: r=, 0·88, P<0·00001). We therefore conclude that reliable regional gastrointestinal transit times can be estimated from scintigraphic images taken 0, 2, 4 and 24 h after intake of radiolabelled markers. [source]