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Gastrointestinal
Kinds of Gastrointestinal Terms modified by Gastrointestinal Selected AbstractsGastrointestinal, selective airways and urinary bladder relaxant effects of Hyoscyamus niger are mediated through dual blockade of muscarinic receptors and Ca2+ channelsFUNDAMENTAL & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Anwarul Hassan Gilani Abstract This study describes the spasmolytic, antidiarrhoeal, antisecretory, bronchodilatory and urinary bladder relaxant properties of Hyoscyamus niger to rationalize some of its medicinal uses. The crude extract of H. niger seeds (Hn.Cr) caused a complete concentration-dependent relaxation of spontaneous contractions of rabbit jejunum, similar to that caused by verapamil, whereas atropine produced partial inhibition. Hn.Cr inhibited contractions induced by carbachol (1 ,m) and K+ (80 mm) in a pattern similar to that of dicyclomine, but different from verapamil and atropine. Hn.Cr shifted the Ca2+ concentration,response curves to the right, similar to that caused by verapamil and dicyclomine, suggesting a Ca2+ channel-blocking mechanism in addition to an anticholinergic effect. In the guinea-pig ileum, Hn.Cr produced a rightward parallel shift of the acetylcholine curves, followed by a non-parallel shift with suppression of the maximum response at a higher concentration, similar to that caused by dicyclomine, but different from that of verapamil and atropine. Hn.Cr exhibited antidiarrhoeal and antisecretory effects against castor oil-induced diarrhoea and intestinal fluid accumulation in mice. In guinea-pig trachea and rabbit urinary bladder tissues, Hn.Cr caused relaxation of carbachol (1 ,m) and K+ (80 mm) induced contractions at around 10 and 25 times lower concentrations than in gut, respectively, and shifted carbachol curves to the right. Only the organic fractions of the extract had a Ca2+ antagonist effect, whereas both organic and aqueous fractions had anticholinergic effect. A constituent, ,-sitosterol exhibited Ca2+ channel-blocking action. These results suggest that the antispasmodic effect of H. niger is mediated through a combination of anticholinergic and Ca2+ antagonist mechanisms. The relaxant effects of Hn.Cr occur at much lower concentrations in the trachea and bladder. This study offers explanations for the medicinal use of H. niger in treating gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders and bladder hyperactivity. [source] Gastrointestinal and Liver PathologyHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2006A K Dube No abstract is available for this article. [source] Human gastrointestinal nematode infections: are new control methods required?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Gillian Stepek Summary Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infections affect 50% of the human population worldwide, and cause great morbidity as well as hundreds of thousands of deaths. Despite modern medical practices, the proportion of the population infected with GI nematodes is not falling. This is due to a number of factors, the most important being the lack of good healthcare, sanitation and health education in many developing countries. A relatively new problem is the development of resistance to the small number of drugs available to treat GI nematode infections. Here we review the most important parasitic GI nematodes and the methods available to control them. In addition, we discuss the current status of new anthelmintic treatments, particularly the plant cysteine proteinases from various sources of latex-bearing plants and fruits. [source] Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use on the Rate of Gastrointestinal Hospitalizations Among People Living in Long-Term CareJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 5 2001Kate L. Lapane PhD OBJECTIVES: Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are the most-common serious adverse reactions associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We quantified the effect of specific NSAIDs on the rate of GI hospitalizations among older people living in long-term care. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: All Medicare/Medicaid certified nursing homes in four states (Maine, Minnesota, New York, and South Dakota). PARTICIPANTS: We identified 125,516 newly admitted residents from a database of all residents (1992,1996) of all Medicare/Medicaid certified nursing homes in four states. Using the federally mandated Minimum Data Set, which includes information on all drugs received (prescription and over-the-counter), we identified patients who received at least one prescription for aspirin (n = 19,101) or NSAIDs (n = 9,777). The control population consisted of all institutionalized persons who did not receive these drugs. MEASUREMENTS: From Health Care Financing Administration inpatient claims, we identified the first hospitalization for GI perforation, ulcer, or hemorrhage that occurred during the year of follow up (ICD9-CM discharge codes: 531,534, 578). Cox proportional hazards models provided adjusted estimates of rate ratios. RESULTS: NSAID exposure increased the GI-event-related hospitalization rate in both men (rate ratios (RR) = 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17,5.99) and women (RR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.85,5.65). The rate of GI hospitalizations for both men and women taking sulindac, naproxen, or indomethacin was higher than for nonusers. The risk of GI-event-related hospitalizations was greatest among women exposed to diflunisal (RR = 6.08; 95% CI = 2.27,16.26) or oxaprozin (RR = 6.03; 95% CI = 2.49,14.58). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high background rate of GI events, most NSAIDs increased the risk of GI hospitalization. Careful attention to choice of agent and dosing is needed in prescribing NSAIDs in this frail, older population. [source] Gastrointestinal: Large antro-duodenal ulcers following hepatic selective internal radiotherapyJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 10 2010V Zimmer No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Persistent Vomiting after Laparoscopic CholecystectomyJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 10 2010CW Tseng No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal and biliary stentsJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Hoon Jai Chun Abstract Advances in stent design have led to a substantial increase in the use of stents for a variety of malignant and benign strictures in the gastrointestinal tract and biliary system. Whereas early stents were mostly composed of plastic, the majority of contemporary stents are self-expanding metal stents that are composed of either nitinol or stainless steel. These stents are able to exert an adequate expansile force and, at the same time, are highly flexible and biocompatible. Covered stents have been introduced to minimize tumor ingrowth through the metal mesh but are associated with higher rates for spontaneous migration. This has led to the development of covered stents with uncovered ends and stents with both covered and uncovered layers. Drug-eluting and biodegradable stents are also likely to become available in the near future. Although stents appear to be the preferred form of palliation for some patients with advanced cancer, many patients will benefit from a multidisciplinary approach that usually includes surgeons and oncologists. [source] Gastrointestinal: Adherent chewing gum in the colon causing a false positive PET scanJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 8 2009J Hall No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Anorectal malignant melanomaJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009JI Yang No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Aorto-esophageal fistulaJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009S Nakamura No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Signs of pneumoperitoneumJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 3 2009A Hokama No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Post-operative esophageal fistulaJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 5 2008E Teo No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Diagnostic dilemma of tattoed small bowelJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 5 2008RR Dama No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Intramucosal gastric cancer treated by endoscopic submucosal dissectionJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 3 2008N Kobayashi [source] Gastrointestinal: Intrapulmonary feeding tubeJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2007RJ Hassink [source] Gastrointestinal: Ileal ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 8 2007M Matsuura [source] Gastrointestinal: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis with protein-losing enteropathyJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2006C-C Lin [source] Gastrointestinal: Zosteriform metastases to the skinJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 3 2006T Kamisawa [source] Gastrointestinal: Fistulae in Crohn's diseaseJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 3 2006G Savoye [source] Gastrointestinal: Ingested throat packJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2004S GUE [source] Gastrointestinal: Polypoid arteriovenous malformation of the colonJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2004S NASSERI-MOGHADDAM [source] Gastrointestinal: Positron emission tomography scans and colonic polypsJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2004KG TAN [source] Gastrointestinal: Squamous papilloma of the esophagusJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2004H-H Chiu [source] Gastrointestinal: Sonographic features of celiac diseaseJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 4 2004S RICKES No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Duodenal Crohn's diseaseJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2003A Hokama Dr No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Duodenal Crohn's diseaseJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2003Article first published online: 28 JUN 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Mesenteric venous thrombosis2JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 10 2003Article first published online: 19 SEP 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Bleeding colonic diverticulumJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 7 2003Article first published online: 10 JUN 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Diffuse esophageal spasmJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 11 2000Article first published online: 9 OCT 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Gastrointestinal: Foreign bodies in the stomachJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 4 2000Article first published online: 25 DEC 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||