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Gastric Wall (gastric + wall)
Selected AbstractsWhole stomach with antro-pyloric nerve preservation as an esophageal substitute: an original techniqueDISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 2 2004J.-M. Collard SUMMARY., The paper describes an original technique of gastric tailoring in which the two-thirds of the lesser curvature proximal to the crow's foot are denuded flush with the gastric wall, leaving both nerves of Latarjet and the hepatic branches of the left vagus nerve intact. Maintenance of the vagal supply to the antro-pyloric segment in two patients resulted in the presence of peristaltic contractions sweeping over the antrum on simple observation of the antral wall at the end of the procedure and on both upper G-I series and intragastric manometry tracings 6 weeks postoperatively. Gastric exposure to bile on 24-h gastric bile monitoring was normal 6 weeks after the operation. Neither patient had any gastrointestinal symptoms with the exception of early sensations of postprandial fullness when overeating. [source] Two- and Three-Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of Hiatal HerniaECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 7 2008Mohit Gupta M.D. Using two- (2DTTE) and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) and an oral contrast agent (a carbonated beverage), a mass-like lesion behind the left ventricular posterior wall in an elderly female was definitively diagnosed as a hiatal hernia. A 3DTTE provided a more comprehensive evaluation of the hiatal hernia as compared to the 2DTTE in terms of its size and extent and thickness of the wall. The size of the hernia was underestimated by 2DTTE (3.3 × 3.2 cm) as compared to 3DTTE (at least 7 × 4.8 cm). The maximum thickness of the gastric wall was also found to be larger by 3DTTE (11 mm) as compared to 2DTTE (5 mm). Both the size of the hernia and thickness of the wall have important clinical implications. The size has been reported to be the strongest predictor of severity of esophagitis and gastric wall thickness of 10 mm or more has been associated with malignant or potentially malignant gastric lesions. [source] Thickening of the gastric wall on transabdominal sonography: A sign of gastric cancerJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 8 2008Ki Tae Suk MD Abstract Purpose. To determine the value of a thickened gastric wall detected during transabdominal sonography (TAS) in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Method. This prospective study comprised 312 patients who underwent both TAS and endoscopy. Transverse TAS scanning was performed using a 3.5-MHz curved transducer to measure gastric wall thickness in the antrum and body of the stomach. Based on endoscopic and histologic findings, we classified the patients into 3 groups: normal or benign disease (BD), early gastric cancer (EGC), and advanced gastric cancer (AGC). TAS findings were then compared. Results. The thickness of the gastric wall was 4.9 ± 1.6 mm in 262 patients with BD, 5.6 ± 2.4 mm in 21patients with EGC, and 10.3 ± 4.7 mm in 29 patients with AGC (p < 0.01). A gastric wall thickness of greater than 7 mm had a 75.0% sensitivity, 92.6% specificity, 50.0% positive predictive value, and 97.4% negative predictive value in the diagnosis of AGC. Conclusion. Although not suitable as a screening method for gastric cancer, a thickening of the gastric wall of >7 mm may be a marker for AGC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008. [source] Selected pathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes associated with an infection by Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) (Cestoda) plerocercoids in Coregonus lavaretus (L.) (Coregonidae)JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 8 2007B S Dezfuli Abstract The pathological changes induced by an infection of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) plerocercoids in powan, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), from Loch Lomond, Scotland, were assessed using immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques. In a sample of 26 powan, the occurrence of encysted plerocercoids of D. dendriticum on the outer surface of the stomach was 38.5% (n = 10) with the number of cysts ranging from 4 to 15 and measuring 4.2 ± 1.0 mm × 3.4 ± 0.9 mm (mean ± SD). Histological examination of intestinal samples also revealed plerocercoids (2,21) encapsulated within a proliferation of mesenteric fibrous tissues of the gastric wall and, occasionally, by the gut lamina propria-submucosa and lamina muscularis. In section, cysts were tri-layered and were formed from a series of concentric whorls of fibroblast and collagen fibre-based connective elements. The extent of necrosis within each muscle layer and the serosa of the stomach differed, notably within the latter that was marked by a chronic inflammatory reaction and fibrosis. Within the cyst and around it, a large number of degranulating mast cell/eosinophilic granule cells were seen, in addition to melano-macrophage centres. Immunohistochemical staining of sections of infected stomach revealed a high density of elements, in close proximity to plerocercoids, staining positive for serotonin, bombesin, substance P and galanin. Uninfected material did not present the same levels of activity. Sections through both infected and uninfected tissue were also tested for elements containing vasoactive intestinal peptide, met-enkephalin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y and nitric oxide synthase, but these were absent. [source] Pathology associated with retained fishing hooks in blue sharks, Prionace glauca (L.), with implications for their conservationJOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 9 2002J Borucinska Fishing hooks retained from previous capture events were found in 6 of 211 blue sharks, Prionace glauca (L.), landed in the summers of 1999 and 2000 by recreational fishermen off Long Island (New York, USA). The hooks were embedded within the distal oesophagus (n=3), or perforated the gastric wall (n=3) and lacerated the liver (n=2). The hooks were surrounded by excessive fibronecrotic tissue which ablated the normal anatomical structures and in the three sharks with oesophageal hooks caused partial luminal obstruction. Accompanying lesions included oesophagitis, gastritis, hepatitis and proliferative peritonitis. Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. were isolated from the peritoneal fluid of one shark with peritonitis and intralesional bacteria were seen on histological examination in all sharks. This is the first report of the prevalence and pathology of retained fishing hooks in a large number of wild-caught sharks. [source] Incidental calcifying fibrous tumor of the stomach presenting as a polypPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2006Gülsüm Özlem Elpek Calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is an uncommon lesion of uncertain cause and pathogenesis that has a unique histological appearance. These lesions are described mainly in the subcutaneous or deep soft tissues, followed by subserosal locations. Intrinsic visceral CFT is extremely rare. Herein is described a rare case of CFT that involved the gastric wall, along with a review of the literature. An incidental small polypoid lesion was excised during urgent surgery for penetrating injury at the lesser curvature in a 25-year-old man, previously healthy. The lesion was a well-demarcated, small (10 mm) tumor that occupied the submucosa. The characteristic histopathological features and the presence of spindle cells that express factor XIIIa allowed a diagnosis of CFT to be made. The present case and the review revealed that, despite their frequent subperitoneal location, intra-abdominal CFT might present as intrinsic visceral lesions and might be found incidentally. These lesions tend to be smaller when compared to their symptomatic counterparts. The diffuse factor XIIIa expression in CFT might be useful to differentiate this entity from other intra-abdominal soft-tissue tumors in problematic cases. Although rarity of intrinsic visceral CFT necessitates new cases to determine their exact biological behavior, the present case highlights their presence in the stomach as a symptomless small polypoid lesion. [source] Development of a New Tissue-Engineered Sheet for Reconstruction of the StomachARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 10 2009Masato Araki Abstract We have developed tissue-engineered digestive tracts composed of collagen scaffold and an inner silicon sheet and successfully used it to repair defects in parts of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. However, some improvements were demanded for clinical usage because the silicon sheet presented technical difficulties for suturing and endoscopic removal. New tissue-engineered sheet (New-sheet) was composed of a single-piece and reinforced collagen scaffold with biodegradable copolymer. One beagle dog was used to evaluate whether New-sheet could withstand suturing in comparison with native digestive tracts using a tensile tester. Seven beagle dogs had a 5-cm circular defect created in the stomach. New-sheet soaked with autologous peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirate was sutured to the gastric wall. Endoscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical assessment was performed to evaluate regeneration of the stomach up to 16 weeks. Tensile strength testing showed that the mucosal side of New-sheet had strength almost equivalent to the mucosa of the esophagus (P = 0.61). Endoscopically, regeneration of the mucosa started from the circumference after 4 weeks, but a small linear ulcer was still evident at 16 weeks. The regenerated stomach shrank by 60,80% of its original size and histologically showed villous mucosa and underlying dense connective tissue. Immunohistochemically, the regenerated area expressed ,-smooth-muscle actin but was negative for basic calponin, irrespective of the source of soaked blood. New-sheet shows sufficient strength for suturing, no dehiscence, and better biocompatibility for clinical use, although further examination will be necessary to create a functional digestive tract. [source] Preclinical study of endoscopic ultrasonography with electronic radial scanning echoendoscopeJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 7 2003KATSUSHI NIWA Background: To evaluate the imaging possibility of a newly designed electronic radial scanning echoendoscope (ER-ES). Methods: In the in vivo study of swine, we obtained B-mode endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) images of the gastric and gallbladder (GB) walls and checked the ability to detect Doppler signals using ER-ES and electronic linear array echoendoscope (EL-ES). Furthermore, in the ex vivo study of swine, B-mode EUS images of fixed gastric and GB wall specimens were obtained using ER-ES, EL-ES and mechanical radial scanning echoendoscope (MR-ES). In the study of resected human specimens, we obtained B-mode EUS images of five resected GB specimens (three normal GB, one cholecystitis and one cancerous) using the three types of echoendoscope. Results: In the in vivo study of swine, ER-ES and EL-ES depicted the gastric walls as five-layered, and the GB walls as single-layered structures. The ability to detect Doppler signals was equal between ER-ES and EL-ES. In the ex vivo study of swine, ER-ES, MR-ES and EL-ES equally delineated the gastric walls as five-layered and GB walls as three-layered structures. In the study of resected human specimens, results demonstrated the normal GB walls as three-layered, the cholecystitis as a combination of outer high-echoic and inner low-echoic layers, and the cancer as a protruded tumor. Conclusions: We conclude that ER-ES has faculties for making B-mode images as well as EL-ES and MR-ES. In addition, in the in vivo study, ER-ES can analyze blood flow information as well as EL-ES. © 2003 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd [source] | ||||||||||