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GC Type (gc + type)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Fas and Fas ligand expression on germinal center type-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is associated with the clinical outcome

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2006
Yasushi Kojima
Abstract:, In recent years, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been classified by DNA microarray analysis into the germinal center B-cell-like (GC) type, the activated B-cell-like (ABC) type and type 3. The latter two types can be collectively categorized as the non-GC (NGC) type. From the prognostic perspective, the GC type has a favorable clinical outcome when compared with the NGC type. The protein Fas induces apoptosis of lymphocytes by binding with the Fas ligand (FasL), and escape from such apoptosis is considered to lead to malignant transformation of the cells and unrestricted growth of lymphoma. We proposed a hypothesis that Fas/FasL expression could be possibly related with a better survival of GC type DLBCL and evaluated 69 DLBCL cases immunohistochemically with CD10, Bcl-6, MUM1, Fas and FasL. These lymphomas were classified as GC type (positive for CD10 or Bcl-6 and negative for MUM1) or NGC type. The GC type had a better overall survival rate than the NGC type (P = 0.0723). Among markers as given above, positive CD10 was the most significant prognostic factor for overall survival in total DLBCL (P < 0.05). In the GC type, Fas and FasL expressions were significantly associated with a favorable overall survival (Fas: P < 0.005; FasL: P < 0.05). Hence, Fas or FasL expression might contribute to a better prognosis of this type of DLBCL. [source]

Platelet aggregation is significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality in elderly patients

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2004
Kyoko Kin
Background: The relationship between cardiovascular mortality and platelet function in elderly patients remains unclear. Methods: The outcomes for 347 consecutive patients aged 60 or older (mean age 77.5 years; 161 men and 186 women) who were treated without antiplatelet drugs on registration, were retrospectively studied after platelet aggregatability tests. The grading curve (GC) type, as an index of platelet aggregatability, was determined with an aggregometer and adenosine-5,-diphosphate as an agonist. Patients were classified into three groups according to GC type: Group I with suppressed aggregation (n = 40); Group II, normal aggregation (n = 208); and Group III, increased aggregation (n = 99). The mean follow-up was 3.9 years. Results: There were three deaths in Group I, 33 in Group II, and 30 in Group III. The mean annual mortality rate was 2.1% in Group I, 4.0% in Group II and 7.5% in Group III. Although the most common cause of death was pneumonia in all three groups, the annual mortality rates due to vascular events were 0.7% in Group I, 0.6% in Group II and 4.2% in Group III. Cox proportional hazards models for vascular death yielded a hazard ratio of 1.5 in the increased GC type. Conclusion: These findings indicated that elderly patients with accelerated aggregation had higher mortality rates due to vascular events. Therefore, accelerated aggregation in the elderly suggested not only the progress of arteriosclerosis, but indications of antiplatelet therapy to prevent vascular events. [source]

Synaptic organization of complex ganglion cells in rabbit retina: Type and arrangement of inputs to directionally selective and local-edge-detector cells

THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY, Issue 4 2005
Edward V. Famiglietti
Abstract The type and topographic distribution of synaptic inputs to a directionally selective (DS) rabbit retinal ganglion cell (GC) were examined and were compared with those received by two other complex GC types. The percentage of cone bipolar cell (BC) input, presumably an index of sustained responses and simple receptive field properties, is much higher than expected for complex GCs in reference to previous reports in other species: approximately 20% for the type 1 bistratified ON,OFF DS GC and for a multistratified GC, and approximately 40% for the small-tufted local-edge-detector GC. Consistent with a previous study (Famiglietti [1991] J. Comp. Neurol. 309:40,70), no ultrastructural evidence is found for inhibitory synapses from starburst amacrine cells to the ON,OFF DS GC. The density of inputs to the ON,OFF DS GC is high and rather evenly distributed over the dendritic tree. Clustering of inputs brings excitatory and inhibitory inputs into proximity, but the strict on-path condition of more proximal inhibitory inputs, favoring shunting inhibition, is not satisfied. Prominent BC input and its regional variation suggest that BCs play key roles in DS neural circuitry, both pre- and postsynaptic to the ON,OFF DS GC, according to a bilayer model (Famiglietti [1993] Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34:S985). Asymmetry of inhibitory amacrine cell input may signify a region on the preferred side of the receptive field, the inhibition-free zone (Barlow and Levick [1965] J. Physiol. (Lond.) 178:477,504), supporting a role for postsynaptic integration in the DS mechanism. Prominent BC input to the local-edge-detector, often without accompanying amacrine cell input, indicates presynaptic integration in forming its trigger feature. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:357,391, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]