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Future Advances (future + advance)
Selected AbstractsFaculty development for problem-based learningEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 2 2004Elizabeth A. Farmer Changing to a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum represents a substantial challenge because many faculty members are unfamiliar with the process. Faculty development is a crucial component of successful curriculum change to PBL. This paper describes a logical process for designing and implementing a comprehensive faculty development programme at three main stages of change: curriculum transition, curriculum implementation and curriculum advancement. The components of each stage are discussed with reference to the literature and practice. Future advances in faculty development include harnessing the potential of complex adaptive systems theory in understanding and facilitating the change process, and incorporating the results of research, which illuminates the relationships of the PBL tutorial process to student achievement. There is a continuing need for rigorous outcome-based research and programme evaluation to define the best components and strategies for faculty development. [source] Systemic therapy for metastatic malignant melanoma , from deeply disappointing to bright future?EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2008Paul Lorigan Abstract:, The last decade has seen a considerable improvement in the understanding of the biology of melanoma. Advances have come in the understanding of the importance of critical oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, epigenetic phenomena, signalling pathways, drug resistance mechanisms, the pivotal role of the local immune system, and the importance of cell,cell and cell,matrix interactions. Many of these pathways and interactions include potentially ,drugable' targets. These developments have allowed the identification and/or design of a range of new, targeted therapies. Evaluation of these new drugs has brought a whole new series of challenges. These include indentification of appropriate pre-clinical models, overcoming the redundancy inbuilt in complex biological systems, identification of appropriate molecular and clinical endpoints to show that the drug is hitting the target, how to combine treatments, and new toxicities. For the first time, there is the possibility of personalised treatment for melanoma patients, based on individual host and tumour characteristics. This paper discusses the range of new drugs and targets have been identified, the outcome of clinical trials, and the directions for future advances. [source] Advances in the management of inflammatory bowel diseaseFUTURE PRESCRIBER, Issue 2 2007James Jupp BM MRCP Specialist Registrar in Gastroenterology Inflammatory bowel disease is a common and complicated disorder that has a great impact on the lives of those affected. This review discusses the properties and uses of the treatments available and possible future advances in therapy. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd [source] A chromatic explosion: the development and future of multiparameter flow cytometryIMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Pratip K. Chattopadhyay Summary Multiparameter flow cytometry has matured tremendously since the 1990s, giving rise to a technology that allows us to study the immune system in unprecedented detail. In this article, we review the development of hardware, reagents, and data analysis tools for multiparameter flow cytometry and discuss future advances in the field. Finally, we highlight new applications that use this technology to reveal previously unappreciated aspects of cell biology and immunity. [source] The Global Financial Crisis and the Efficient Market Hypothesis: What Have We Learned?JOURNAL OF APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE, Issue 4 2009Ray Ball The sharp economic downturn and turmoil in the financial markets, commonly referred to as the "global financial crisis," has spawned an impressive outpouring of blame. The efficient market hypothesis (EMH),the idea that competitive financial markets exploit all available information when setting security prices,has been singled out for particular attention. Like all successful theories, the EMH has major limitations, even as it continues to provide the foundation for not only past accomplishment, but future advances in the field of finance. Despite the theory's undoubted limitations, the claim that it is responsible for the current worldwide crisis seems wildly exaggerated. This essay shows the misreading of the theory and logical inconsistencies involved in popular arguments that EMH played a significant role in (1) the formation of the real estate and stock market bubbles, (2) investment practitioners' miscalculation of risks, and (3) the failure of regulators to recognize the bubbles and avert the crisis. At the same time, the author argues that the collapse of Lehman Brothers and other large financial institutions, far from resulting from excessive faith in efficient markets, reflects a failure to heed the lessons of efficient markets. In the author's words, "To me, Lehman's demise conclusively demonstrates that, in a competitive capital market, if you take massive risky positions financed with extraordinary leverage, you are bound to lose big one day,no matter how large and venerable you are." Finally, behavioral finance, widely considered as challenging and even supplanting efficient markets theory, is viewed in this article as complementing if not reinforcing efficient markets theory. As the author says, "it takes a theory to beat a theory." Behavioralism, for all its important contributions to finance literature, is described as not a theory but rather "a collection of ideas and results", one that depends for its existence on the theory of efficient markets. [source] Breaking good resolutions with ARP/wARPJOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 1 2004Richard J. Morris New procedures are outlined that enable ARP/wARP to automatically build protein models with diffraction data extending to about 2.5 Å. An overview of ongoing research is given and possible future advances are discussed. [source] RT08 Population PK and PK/PD investigations and Monte Carlo simulations for a rational dosage regimenJOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 2006P. L. TOUTAIN Objective There are several means whereby dosage schedules for clinical use may be set, some more appropriate and scientific than others! The challenge of the 21st century must be for colleagues in the pharmaceutical industry, those serving registration bodies and academic colleagues to pool their expertise with the objective of designing dosage schedules for clinical use, which are based on the application of sound scientific principles appropriate for each drug class. In this Roundtable Session colleagues of international standing will review (a) pharmacological and other sources of variability in the responses to drugs; (b) the advantages and limitations of pre-clinical studies for dose selection; (c) the roles of population PK and population PK/PD together with Monte Carlo simulations in dosage regimen selection; (d) Bayesian approaches to dosage selection and (e) regulatory guidelines on the type and extent of studies required for selecting dosages. There is no unanimity amongst stakeholders on either the principles or the methods underlying dosage schedule design. Dose titration studies have long been the principal means of fixing doses but PK-PD and population PK-PD studies are now challenging more traditional approaches. The papers and discussion in this Roundtable Session will provide a critical basis for future advances in this crucial area of therapeutic drug usage. Getting the doses right means that the patient will receive maximum benefit, in terms of optimal efficacy with minimal toxicity, and hence correct dosing will contribute enormously to animal welfare. [source] RT09 Bayesian approaches in dosage selectionJOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 2006D. CONCORDET Objective There are several means whereby dosage schedules for clinical use may be set, some more appropriate and scientific than others! The challenge of the 21st century must be for colleagues in the pharmaceutical industry, those serving registration bodies and academic colleagues to pool their expertise with the objective of designing dosage schedules for clinical use, which are based on the application of sound scientific principles appropriate for each drug class. In this Roundtable Session colleagues of international standing will review (a) pharmacological and other sources of variability in the responses to drugs; (b) the advantages and limitations of pre-clinical studies for dose selection; (c) the roles of population PK and population PK/PD together with Monte Carlo simulations in dosage regimen selection; (d) Bayesian approaches to dosage selection and (e) regulatory guidelines on the type and extent of studies required for selecting dosages. There is no unanimity amongst stakeholders on either the principles or the methods underlying dosage schedule design. Dose titration studies have long been the principal means of fixing doses but PK-PD and population PK-PD studies are now challenging more traditional approaches. The papers and discussion in this Roundtable Session will provide a critical basis for future advances in this crucial area of therapeutic drug usage. Getting the doses right means that the patient will receive maximum benefit, in terms of optimal efficacy with minimal toxicity, and hence correct dosing will contribute enormously to animal welfare. [source] Deep Brain Stimulation Devices: A Brief Technical History and ReviewARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 3 2009Robert J. Coffey Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS),a broadly accepted therapeutic modality with tens of thousands of patients currently implanted,is the application of implantable electrical stimulation devices to treat neurological disorders. Approved indications include involuntary movement disorders; investigational applications include epilepsy, selected psychiatric disorders, and other conditions. DBS differs fundamentally from functional electrical stimulation and sensory prosthetics in that DBS therapies do not substitute for or replace injured tissues, organs, or body functions. DBS,targeted to particular brain nuclei or pathways that are specific for the disorder under treatment,influences brain function and behavioral output in ways that can relieve symptoms and improve the overall functioning of the patient. We will briefly review the history and present status of DBS from a technical and device-oriented perspective, with an eye toward future advances. [source] The expansion rate of the universeASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS, Issue 1 2002Wendy Freedman Wendy Freedman presents the 2001 George Darwin Lecture on present and future advances in cosmology. Modern cosmology is undergoing an explosion of observational and experimental results that is in turn driving significant theoretical advances and a dynamic interface between theory and experiment. As a consequence, cosmological parameters are becoming much more precisely constrained. In this, the George Darwin lecture for 2001, I look back at the some of the advances made since Edwin Hubble presented his George Darwin lecture in 1953, and look ahead to the resolution of significant cosmological uncertainties. [source] Neuropharmacology of addiction,setting the sceneBRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 2 2008A J Lawrence Addiction is a complex disorder, affecting not only the individual addict, but also their family and the community at large. While therapeutic strategies are available for the treatment of some forms of substance abuse/dependence, these are not without problems and are not universally efficacious. Moreover, in some instances (for example, cocaine addiction), there are still no medications specifically registered as treatment options. In this themed issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, we highlight a number of addictions from a pharmacological perspective, with an emphasis on both mechanism and potential therapeutic approaches that are either under development or reflect preclinical work. As such, the authors endeavour to describe the latest thinking on the neural theory of addiction and corresponding novel pharmacotherapeutic targets, and in this way to set the stage for future advances in research and drug development. In addition, we have also attempted to draw attention to the clinicians' perspective in terms of the interface between basic science and care provision. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 154, 259,260; doi: 10.1038/bjp.2008.131; published online 14 April 2008 [source] | ||||||||||