Fruit Growth (fruit + growth)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Evidence for the involvement of lipoxygenase in the oxidative processes associated with the appearance of green staining alteration in the Gordal olive

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 14 2003
Lourdes Gallardo-Guerrero
Abstract Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and chloroplast pigment content were monitored during fruit growth in Gordal and Manzanilla olive varieties (Olea europaea regalis and Olea europaea pomiformis respectively). At all growth stages, LOX activity was greater in Gordal than in Manzanilla, and in both varieties, enzymatic activity peaks coincided with the maximum presence of oxidised chlorophyll pigments in the fruits. The higher lipid peroxidation potential measured directly in vitro and indirectly in vivo in the Gordal variety and its correspondence with higher contents of oxidised catabolites of chlorophyll suggested a greater tendency and sensitivity of this variety to oxidative processes. This could also explain the high organelle disorganisation levels reached during industrial processing of the fruit, allowing the formation of copper,chlorophyll complexes associated with the green staining alteration that affects Gordal olives. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source]


Genotype-dependent response to carbon availability in growing tomato fruit

PLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 7 2010
MARION PRUDENT
ABSTRACT Tomato fruit growth and composition depend on both genotype and environment. This paper aims at studying how fruit phenotypic responses to changes in carbon availability can be influenced by genotype, and at identifying genotype-dependent and -independent changes in gene expression underlying variations in fruit growth and composition. We grew a parental line (Solanum lycopersicum) and an introgression line from Solanum chmielewskii harbouring quantitative trait loci for fresh weight and sugar content under two fruit loads (FL). Lowering FL increased fruit cell number and reduced fruit developmental period in both genotypes. In contrast, fruit cell size was increased only in the parental line. Modifications in gene expression were monitored using microarrays and RT-qPCR for a subset of genes. FL changes induced more deployments of regulation systems (transcriptional and post-transcriptional) than massive adjustments of whole primary metabolism. Interactions between genotype and FL occurred on 99 genes mainly linked to hormonal and stress responses, and on gene expression kinetics. Links between gene expression and fruit phenotype were found for aquaporin expression levels and fruit water content, and invertase expression levels and sugar content. In summary, the present data emphasized age- and genotype-dependent responses of tomato fruit to carbon availability, at phenotypic as well as gene expression level. [source]


Phenolic compounds in peach (Prunus persica) cultivars at harvest and during fruit maturation

ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008
C. Andreotti
Abstract Six peach and six nectarine cultivars were evaluated for the phenolic content in their pulp and peel tissues. Chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin and cyanidin-3-glucoside were detected as the main phenolic compounds of ripened fruits. The concentration was always higher in peel tissue, with average values ranging from 1 to 8 mg g,1 dry weight (DW) depending on cultivar. Of the tested varieties, the white-flesh nectarine ,Silver Rome' emerged as the cultivar with the highest amount of total phenolics. Phenolic compounds were also profiled during fruit growth and ripening in the yellow nectarine cv. ,Stark Red Gold', which showed a decreasing concentration during fruit development in both peel and pulp tissues. Average amounts of total phenolics were approximately 25 mg g,1 DW 60 days after full bloom and decreased to 3 mg g,1 DW at ripening in pulp tissue. Differences among peel and pulp composition show the different dietetic and antioxidant potential of fruits consumed unpeeled and peeled. [source]


Physiological and modelling approaches to understand water and carbon fluxes during grape berry growth and quality development: a review

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH, Issue 2010
Z.W. DAI
Abstract Recent advances in the understanding of the physiology of berry growth and in modelling allow simulation of fruit growth and sugar accumulation from the perspective of water and carbon balance. This review summarises present knowledge on the modelling and molecular physiology of carbon and water fluxes related to grape berry growth and quality. It focuses principally on the effects of environmental factors and cultural practices on fruit quality through their consequences on water and carbon fluxes during fruit growth. Together with ecophysiological and molecular approaches, process-based models show promising ability to aid in integrating physiological results, generating novel hypotheses and consequently providing a full picture of the control of berry growth and quality development. In the future, nitrogen and sulfur fluxes, necessary for the synthesis of secondary metabolites important for quality, should also be integrated. Modelling at the organ level should extend to metabolic content and metabolite fluxes (metabolomic and fluxomic studies). Genotypes naturally or artificially affected on a key gene or function will also be helpful to validate modelling hypotheses. [source]