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Alzheimer's Type (alzheimer + type)
Selected AbstractsControl of Environmental Lighting and Its Effects on Behaviors of the Alzheimer's TypeJOURNAL OF INTERIOR DESIGN, Issue 2 2002Melinda La Garce M.F.A. ABSTRACT The study investigates environmental lighting interventions designed to control the natural daylight effects of the setting sun and resultant behavior change. The purpose of this study was to determine if the frequency of disruptive behaviors of the Alzheimer's type that are defined across the literature to include wandering, anxiousness, combativeness, negative verbalizations, pilfering/hoarding, inappropriate sexual behavior, inappropriate emotional behavior, attention seeking, repetitive statements, and behaviors that are apparently precipitated and/or intensified by the effects of the setting sun i.e., changes in color, angles, and intensity of daylight, can be altered by environmental lighting interventions designed to control the daylight effects of the setting sun. This learning/practice partnership brought together the diverse expertise of research team members and provided new ways of examining research questions. Subjects were evaluated by medical practitioners to determine the probable presence of Alzheimer's disease. Disruptive behaviors were identified by trained observers reviewing 100 hours of videotaped observation, and videotaped observations of the subjects continued as subjects rotated monthly for four months between two apparently identical environments,one controlled and one experimental using environmental lighting interventions. Trained observers made double blind observation of subjects and recorded the frequency of disruptive behaviors on behavior observation checksheets. Tabulations of the disruptive behaviors were made, and percentage of change was calculated. A drop of 41% in the disruptive behaviors of subjects, while in the experimental environment, was demonstrated in the first rotation cycle, and an 11 % drop in disruptive behaviors was found in a second cycle. Inter-rater reliability across all tapes was 70%. Individuals exhibiting the highest frequencies of disruptive behaviors also demonstrated the most dramatic decreases in these behaviors while in the experimental environment. Environmental lighting interventions designed for this study appear to lessen the detrimental behavioral| effects of the setting sun on the behaviors of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. [source] Prevalence and implications of psychopathological non-cognitive symptoms in dementiaACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2009P. Saz Objective:, Clinical experience and recent population studies suggest that psychopathological, non-cognitive symptoms are both frequent and relevant in dementia. Method:, A representative community sample (n = 4,803 individuals, 55 + years) was interviewed in a two-phase design. The Geriatric Mental Sate (GMS) was used for assessment and cases were diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Results:, The prevalence of non-cognitive symptoms (1 + symptoms) in cases of dementia (n = 223) was 90.1%, and negative-type symptoms were most frequently found. A GMS ,apathy-related symptom cluster' (anergia, restriction of activities and anhedonia) was significantly more frequent in the demented (55.6%) than in non-cases (0.7%; specificity = 99.2%). In both dementia of Alzheimer's type and vascular dementia, number of symptoms tended to be inversely related to severity of dementia, but psychopathological profiles differed. Conclusion:, Non-cognitive, negative-type symptoms are very frequent in cases of dementia living in the community. They have powerful specificity in the distinction with non-cases, and might change current concepts of dementia. [source] Validation of the Severe Impairment Battery for patients with Alzheimer's disease in KoreaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 7 2006Guk-Hee Suh Abstract Objective To examine the reliability and the validity of the Korean version of the SIB (SIB-K); and to determine its usefulness in patients with severe dementia. Methods Sixty-five patients (56 women, nine men) who lived in a nursing home and met the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn, for the dementia of the Alzheimer's type were selected. Following clinical examination and evaluation using the Korean version of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB-K), the Korean versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) and the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-K-cog) were applied as comparators. Results The mean scores on the SIB-K were 63.9 (SD,=,29.1), with a possible maximum of 100 points. Patients with MMSE scores from 0 to 4 points showed wide range of the SIB score from 4 to 62. The internal consistency of the SIB-K obtained by the Cronbach's alpha was 0.98. The inter-rater and test,retest reliabilities of the SIB-K obtained by the Spearman's rho were 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. Correlation between the SIB-K and the MMSE-K was 0.87, while correlation between the SIB-K and the ADAS-K-cog was ,0.76. Conclusions This study indicates that the Korean version of the SIB is a reliable, valid and useful test for measuring cognition of severely demented patients at a point where other conventional tests lose their sensitivity and show a floor effect. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Changes in explicit memory associated with early dementia in adults with Down's syndromeJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002S. J. Krinsky-McHale Abstract Background A modified version of the Selective Reminding Test (SRT) (Buschke 1973) was used to examine the changes in memory that occur with early-stage dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) in adults with intellectual disability (ID) and Down's syndrome (DS), and to compare these changes to those occurring with ,normal' ageing. Method Hierarchical linear modelling analyses showed steep declines in the performance of participants who had met the criteria for the onset of DAT. Non-demented participants also showed declines in performance which were related to their age. However, the absolute magnitude of these declines was consistent with a ,normal' ageing pattern and not with undetected dementia. Results In analysing the specific memory components that are compromised, the present authors found that participants with early-stage DAT showed severely diminished long-term storage and retrieval processing abilities compared to their non-demented peers. Notably, these declines preceded other symptoms of dementia, in most cases by more than a full year and sometimes by as much as 3 years. Conclusions Thus, the present results clearly confirm that memory processes are affected during early dementia in adults with DS, and that the SRT has promise as a clinical tool. [source] Control of Environmental Lighting and Its Effects on Behaviors of the Alzheimer's TypeJOURNAL OF INTERIOR DESIGN, Issue 2 2002Melinda La Garce M.F.A. ABSTRACT The study investigates environmental lighting interventions designed to control the natural daylight effects of the setting sun and resultant behavior change. The purpose of this study was to determine if the frequency of disruptive behaviors of the Alzheimer's type that are defined across the literature to include wandering, anxiousness, combativeness, negative verbalizations, pilfering/hoarding, inappropriate sexual behavior, inappropriate emotional behavior, attention seeking, repetitive statements, and behaviors that are apparently precipitated and/or intensified by the effects of the setting sun i.e., changes in color, angles, and intensity of daylight, can be altered by environmental lighting interventions designed to control the daylight effects of the setting sun. This learning/practice partnership brought together the diverse expertise of research team members and provided new ways of examining research questions. Subjects were evaluated by medical practitioners to determine the probable presence of Alzheimer's disease. Disruptive behaviors were identified by trained observers reviewing 100 hours of videotaped observation, and videotaped observations of the subjects continued as subjects rotated monthly for four months between two apparently identical environments,one controlled and one experimental using environmental lighting interventions. Trained observers made double blind observation of subjects and recorded the frequency of disruptive behaviors on behavior observation checksheets. Tabulations of the disruptive behaviors were made, and percentage of change was calculated. A drop of 41% in the disruptive behaviors of subjects, while in the experimental environment, was demonstrated in the first rotation cycle, and an 11 % drop in disruptive behaviors was found in a second cycle. Inter-rater reliability across all tapes was 70%. Individuals exhibiting the highest frequencies of disruptive behaviors also demonstrated the most dramatic decreases in these behaviors while in the experimental environment. Environmental lighting interventions designed for this study appear to lessen the detrimental behavioral| effects of the setting sun on the behaviors of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. [source] Mild Parkinsonian signs: An overview of an emerging conceptMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 12 2007Elan D. Louis MD Abstract Mild Parkinsonian signs (MPS) include gait and balance changes, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor. MPS can occur commonly during the clinical examination of older people who do not have known neurological disease, with prevalence estimates for MPS as a whole ranging from 15% to 95%. MPS are generally progressive and they are coupled with functional difficulties, impaired gait and balance, and increased risks of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality. The mechanistic basis for these signs is unclear, but is likely to be multifactorial, with possible factors including an age-associated decline in dopaminergic nigrostriatal activity, the early development of neurodegenerative (Lewy body or Alzheimer's type) pathologies in the basal ganglia, or the accumulation of vascular pathology in the brain. It would be valuable to identify those individuals with MPS who are at increased risk for the development of future Alzheimer's disease, full-blown Parkinson's disease, or strokes, and to develop therapeutic strategies to intervene to lessen the likelihood of MPS-related morbidity and mortality. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society [source] Change in the post-discharge destinations from a senile dementia therapy ward in Japan: the second reportPSYCHOGERIATRICS, Issue 1 2005Yasushi NAKAGAWA Abstract Background:, The new long-term care insurance (LTCI) system, known as Kaigo-Hoken, was implemented in April 2000. We previously reported a change in the type of destination after discharge from a senile dementia therapy ward (named the Midori ward) following implementation of the LTCI system at Fukuoka Prefectural Onga Hospital during the period from 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2001 in Psychogeriatrics (2003; 3: 104,108). We subsequently investigated the type of destination after discharge from the Midori ward at Fukuoka Prefectural Onga Hospital during the period from 1 April 2001 to 31 March 2002. Methods:, We used data from a total of 320 discharged inpatients with dementia who fulfilled the criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) for dementia of the Alzheimer's type, vascular dementia and other types of dementia. We compared the period from 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2000 before the LTCI implementation and the periods from 1 April 2000 to 31 March 2001 and 1 April 2001 to 31 March 2002 after the LTCI implementation. The type of destination after discharge and the place of origin of the inpatients before admission were classified into one of the following groups: (i) nursing home or geriatric care facility group; (ii) hospitalization group; (iii) home group; and (iv) death group. Results:, No significant change was evident when the subjects' post-discharge destinations were compared or when the subjects' pre-admission residences and post-discharge destinations were compared. These results were similar to our previous report which appeared in Psychogeriatrics (2003; 3: 104,108). Conclusion:, While the LTCI system has become more widely used, it is still necessary to analyze each case and provide the care that encourages people with dementia in senile dementia therapy wards to return to their homes under the LTCI system. [source] Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP antibody) is present in the sera of patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type in AsianACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2010K. Satoh Satoh K, Kawakami A, Shirabe S, Tamai M, Sato A, Tsujihata M, Nagasato K, Eguchi K. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP antibody) is present in the sera of patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type in Asian. Acta Neurol Scand. 2010: 121: 338,341. © 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard. Background,,, In the hippocampi of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, aberrant expression of citrullinated proteins and peptidylarginase 2 (PADI2) has been identified. We explored the functional roles of these proteins by means of detection of serum anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP antibody) in patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT). Methods,,, Sera were obtained from 42 patients with DAT, 30 patients with other neurological disorders and 42 healthy controls. Gender ratio and age were comparable among the three groups. The level of anti-CCP antibody in sera was examined by ELISA. Findings,,, Anti-CCP antibody was not found in the 30 patients with other neurological disorders, and only one of the 42 healthy controls (2.4%) was positive. However, surprisingly, anti-CCP antibody was clearly detected in eight of the 42 DAT patients. Interpretation,,, Anti-CCP antibody appears to be a simple and early serologic biomarker for DAT among dementia patients. Additionally, our data imply that citrullinated proteins accumulated in the astrocytes of AD patients acquire neo-antigenicity, inducing anti-CCP antibody production. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||